Melanopsin and the Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells: Biophysics to Behavior

Neuron, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 104(2), С. 205 - 226

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Cell Atlas of The Human Fovea and Peripheral Retina

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Abstract Most irreversible blindness results from retinal disease. To advance our understanding of the etiology blinding diseases, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze transcriptomes ~85,000 cells fovea and peripheral retina seven adult human donors. Utilizing computational methods, identified 58 cell types within 6 classes: photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, ganglion non-neuronal cells. Nearly all are shared between two regions, but there notable differences in gene expression proportions foveal cohorts types. We then atlas map 636 genes implicated as causes or risk factors for diseases. Many expressed striking class-, type-, region-specific patterns. Finally, compared signatures cynomolgus macaque monkey, Macaca fascicularis . show that over 90% correspond transcriptomically those previously macaque, disease-related is largely conserved species. These validate use modeling disease, provide a foundation investigating molecular mechanisms underlying visual processing.

Язык: Английский

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Eyeing up the Future of the Pupillary Light Reflex in Neurodiagnostics

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(1), С. 19 - 19

Опубликована: Март 13, 2018

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) describes the constriction and subsequent dilation of pupil in response to as a result antagonistic actions iris sphincter dilator muscles. Since these muscles are innervated by parasympathetic sympathetic nervous systems, respectively, different parameters PLR can be used indicators for either or modulation. Thus, provides an important metric autonomic system function that has been exploited wide range clinical applications. Measurement using dynamic pupillometry is now established quantitative, non-invasive tool assessment traumatic head injuries. This review examines more recent application diagnostic conditions, varying from neurodegenerative disease exposure toxic chemicals, well its potential diagnosis infectious disease.

Язык: Английский

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Standards in Pupillography

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2019

The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize methodology including recording conditions, stimulus characteristics, well suitable parameters evaluation. Since description intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) there has been an increased interest and broader application ophthalmology other fields psychology chronobiology. Colour plays important role not only but also clinical observational therapy studies like gene hereditary degenerations psychopathology. Stimuli can vary size, brightness, duration, wavelength. Stimulus paradigms determine whether rhodopsin-driven rod responses, opsin-driven cone or melanopsin-driven ipRGC responses primarily elicited. Background illumination, adaptation state, instruction for participants will furthermore influence results. This standard recommends a minimum set variables be used specified publication methodologies. Initiated at 32nd International Pupil Colloquium 2017 Morges, Switzerland, aim this manuscript outline based on current knowledge experience experts order achieve greater comparability pupillographic studies. Such particularly facilitate proper by researchers field. First we describe general standards, followed specific suggestions concerning demands different targets research: afferent efferent reflex arc, pharmacology, psychology, sleepiness-related animal

Язык: Английский

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Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 78, С. 100844 - 100844

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2020

This review summarizes our current knowledge of primate including human retina focusing on bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells their connectivity. We have two main motivations in writing. Firstly, recent progress non-invasive imaging methods to study retinal diseases mean that better understanding the is becoming an important goal both for basic clinical sciences. Secondly, genetically modified mice are increasingly used as animal models diseases. Thus, it understand which extent retinas primates rodents comparable. first compare cell populations rodent retinas, with emphasis how fovea (despite its small size) dominates neural landscape retina. next summarise what known, not about postreceptoral neurone The inventories bipolar now nearing completion, comprising ~12 types at least 17 cell. Primate show clear differences dendritic field size across retina, morphology differs clearly from mouse cells. Compared cells, even higher morphological diversity: they could comprise over 40 types. Many appear conserved between mice, but functions only a few understood any or non-primate Amacrine final frontier research monkeys alike.

Язык: Английский

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Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Human Retina

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Light profoundly affects our mental and physical health. In particular, light, when not delivered at the appropriate time, may have detrimental effects. mammals, light is perceived only by rods cones but also a subset of retinal ganglion cells that express photopigment melanopsin renders them intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). ipRGCs participate in contrast detection play critical roles non-image-forming vision, set responses include circadian entrainment, pupillary reflex (PLR), modulation sleep/alertness, mood. are found human retina, their response to has been characterized indirectly through suppression nocturnal melatonin PLR. However, until recently, had rarely investigated directly. This gap progressively being filled as, over last years, an increasing number studies provided descriptions morphology, gene expression. Here, I review progress knowledge ipRGCs, different morphological functional subtypes described so far how they match murine subtypes. highlight questions remain be addressed. Investigating as these few major role well-being. Additionally, display increased vulnerability or resilience certain disorders compared conventional RGCs, deeper function could help identify therapeutic approaches develop diagnostic tools. Overall, better understanding eye will deliver precise usage recommendations implement light-based interventions improve cognitive performance, mood, life quality.

Язык: Английский

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Functional diversity of human intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 366(6470), С. 1251 - 1255

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2019

Sensing light without forming images In the rodent retina, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) entrain circadian rhythms, modulate mood, and signal pupillary accommodation. Such responses are light-driven but not image-based. Working with donated human organ tissues, Mure et al. used electrophysiological approaches to identify ipRGCs in retina. The retina has more cones than retinas of nocturnal mice rats. Differences sensitivity, latency, duration identified three subtypes ipRGCs. Science , this issue p. 1251

Язык: Английский

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Melanopsin contributions to non-visual and visual function

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 30, С. 67 - 72

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2019

Melanopsin is a short-wavelength-sensitive photopigment that was discovered only around 20 years ago. It expressed in the cell bodies and processes of subset retinal ganglion cells retina (the intrinsically photosensitive cells; ipRGCs), thereby allowing them to signal light even absence cone rod input. Many fundamental properties melanopsin signalling humans for both visual (e.g. detection, discrimination, brightness estimation) non-visual function melatonin suppression, circadian phase shifting) remain be elucidated. Here, we give an overview what know about contributions function.

Язык: Английский

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Melanopsin photoreception contributes to human visual detection, temporal and colour processing

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2018

Abstract The visual consequences of melanopsin photoreception in humans are not well understood. Here we studied using a technique photoreceptor silent substitution with five calibrated spectral lights after minimising the effects individual differences optical pre-receptoral filtering and desensitising penumbral cones shadow retinal blood vessels. We demonstrate that putative melanopsin-mediated image-forming vision corresponds to an opponent S-OFF L + M-ON response property, average temporal resolution up approximately 5 Hz, >10x higher thresholds than red-green colour vision. With capacity for signalling integrating slowly changing lights, melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells maybe fifth type peripheral

Язык: Английский

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Omega‐3 PUFA profoundly affect neural, physiological, and behavioural competences – implications for systemic changes in trophic interactions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 96(5), С. 2127 - 2145

Опубликована: Май 20, 2021

Abstract In recent decades, much conceptual thinking in trophic ecology has been guided by theories of nutrient limitation and the flow elements, such as carbon nitrogen, within among ecosystems. More recently, ecologists have also turned their attention to examining value specific dietary nutrients, particular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which omega‐3 PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA) play a central role essential components neuronal cell membranes many organisms. This review focuses on new neuro‐ecological approach stemming from biochemical (mechanistic) physiological (functional) DHA membranes, conjunction with G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). We link co‐evolution these neurological functions metabolic dependency PUFA. outline ways deficiencies supply may affect, cognition, vision, behaviour, ultimately, biological fitness consumers. then emerging evidence that changes access PUFA ultimately profound impacts interactions leading potential community structure ecosystem functioning that, turn, affect across ecosystems, including for human consumption.

Язык: Английский

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