Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(3), С. e3001571 - e3001571

Опубликована: Март 17, 2022

Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through modulation of circadian rhythms sleep, as well neuroendocrine cognitive functions. Prevailing patterns do not optimally engage these actions for many individuals, but advances in our understanding the underpinning mechanisms emerging lighting technologies now present opportunities to adjust promote optimal physical mental performance. A newly developed, international standard provides a SI-compliant way quantifying influence intrinsically photosensitive, melanopsin-expressing, retinal neurons that mediate effects. The report recommendations lighting, based an expert scientific consensus expressed easily measured quantity (melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (melaponic EDI)) defined within this standard. are supported by detailed analysis sensitivity circadian, neuroendocrine, alerting responses ocular provide straightforward framework inform design practice.

Язык: Английский

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Cell Atlas of The Human Fovea and Peripheral Retina

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2020

Abstract Most irreversible blindness results from retinal disease. To advance our understanding of the etiology blinding diseases, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze transcriptomes ~85,000 cells fovea and peripheral retina seven adult human donors. Utilizing computational methods, identified 58 cell types within 6 classes: photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, ganglion non-neuronal cells. Nearly all are shared between two regions, but there notable differences in gene expression proportions foveal cohorts types. We then atlas map 636 genes implicated as causes or risk factors for diseases. Many expressed striking class-, type-, region-specific patterns. Finally, compared signatures cynomolgus macaque monkey, Macaca fascicularis . show that over 90% correspond transcriptomically those previously macaque, disease-related is largely conserved species. These validate use modeling disease, provide a foundation investigating molecular mechanisms underlying visual processing.

Язык: Английский

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Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2020

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview tremendous variety light-detection strategies which have evolved in organisms - unicellular, plants animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), plethora ocular extra-ocular organs (animals). describe visual pigments permit photo-detection, paying attention to spectral characteristics, extend from ultraviolet into infrared. discuss how use light information a way crucial for development, growth survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, synchronization circadian clocks. These aspects are treated depth, as perturbation underlies much disruptive ALAN. goes detail on networks organisms, since these fundamental features critical importance regulating interface between environment body. Especially, hormonal synthesis secretion often under circannual control, hence clock will lead imbalance. addresses ubiquitous introduction light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or some cases reduce, generalized ever-increasing pollution. Numerous examples given widespread exposure ALAN is perturbing many plant animal behaviour foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization more. examine potential problems at level individual populations debate consequences ecosystems. stress, through few examples, synergistic harmful resulting impacts combined with other anthropogenic pressures, impact neuroendocrine loops vertebrates. article concludes by debating changes could be mitigated more reasonable available example restricting illumination essential areas hours, directing lighting avoid wasteful radiation selecting emissions, reduce end discussing society should take account potentially major has natural world repercussions ongoing human health welfare.

Язык: Английский

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Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Human Retina

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 25, 2021

Light profoundly affects our mental and physical health. In particular, light, when not delivered at the appropriate time, may have detrimental effects. mammals, light is perceived only by rods cones but also a subset of retinal ganglion cells that express photopigment melanopsin renders them intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). ipRGCs participate in contrast detection play critical roles non-image-forming vision, set responses include circadian entrainment, pupillary reflex (PLR), modulation sleep/alertness, mood. are found human retina, their response to has been characterized indirectly through suppression nocturnal melatonin PLR. However, until recently, had rarely investigated directly. This gap progressively being filled as, over last years, an increasing number studies provided descriptions morphology, gene expression. Here, I review progress knowledge ipRGCs, different morphological functional subtypes described so far how they match murine subtypes. highlight questions remain be addressed. Investigating as these few major role well-being. Additionally, display increased vulnerability or resilience certain disorders compared conventional RGCs, deeper function could help identify therapeutic approaches develop diagnostic tools. Overall, better understanding eye will deliver precise usage recommendations implement light-based interventions improve cognitive performance, mood, life quality.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution of neuronal cell classes and types in the vertebrate retina

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 624(7991), С. 415 - 424

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023

Abstract The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs 1 . Retinal cell types may have evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a bird, reptile, teleost fish lamprey. We found high molecular conservation six retinal classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar amacrine ganglion cells (RGCs) Müller glia), with variation related evolutionary distance. Major subclasses were also conserved, whereas among within or was more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed that numerous are shared species, based on gene expression programmes likely trace back early ancestral vertebrate. degree increased outer (photoreceptors) inner (RGCs), suggesting evolution acts preferentially shape output. Finally, identified rodent orthologues midget RGCs, which comprise than 80% RGCs human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, previously believed be restricted primates 2 By contrast, mouse large receptive fields around 2% RGCs. Projections both primate orthologous overrepresented thalamus, supplies primary cortex. suggest innovations, descendants evolutionarily ancient decreased size number as evolved, thereby facilitating acuity cortical processing information.

Язык: Английский

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The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 159 - 175

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Diversity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: circuits and functions

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 78(3), С. 889 - 907

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Cell-type-specific binocular vision guides predation in mice

Neuron, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(9), С. 1527 - 1539.e4

Опубликована: Март 29, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Violet light suppresses lens-induced myopia via neuropsin (OPN5) in mice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(22)

Опубликована: Май 24, 2021

Significance The increasing prevalence of myopia is a significant public health concern. Unfortunately, the mechanisms driving remain elusive, limiting effective treatment options. This report identifies refractive development pathway that requires Opn5 -expressing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Stimulation RGCs with short-wavelength violet light prevented experimental in mice. Furthermore, this effect was dependent on time day, evening exposure being sufficient to protect against myopia. Thus, these studies suggest may contribute emmetropization and identify OPN5 as potential target for

Язык: Английский

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Molecular classification of zebrafish retinal ganglion cells links genes to cell types to behavior

Neuron, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 109(4), С. 645 - 662.e9

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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