Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
29(5), С. 923 - 934
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2018
Neuropeptides
are
essential
cell-to-cell
signaling
messengers
and
serve
important
regulatory
roles
in
animals.
Although
remarkable
progress
has
been
made
peptide
identification
across
the
Metazoa,
for
some
phyla
such
as
Echinodermata,
limited
neuropeptides
known
even
fewer
have
verified
on
protein
level.
We
employed
peptidomic
approaches
using
bioinformatics
mass
spectrometry
(MS)
to
experimentally
confirm
23
prohormones
characterize
a
new
prohormone
nervous
system
tissue
from
Strongylocentrotus
purpuratus,
purple
sea
urchin.
Ninety-three
distinct
peptides
novel
were
detected
with
MS
extracts
of
radial
nerves,
many
which
reported
or
confirmed
here
first
time,
representing
large-scale
study
phylum
Echinodermata.
Many
identified
their
precursor
proteins
low
homology
other
species/phyla
unique
By
pairing
MS,
capacity
annotate
genes
is
enhanced.
Vasopressin/oxytocin
(VP/OT)-type
neuropeptides
are
well
known
for
their
roles
as
regulators
of
diuresis,
reproductive
physiology
and
social
behaviour.
However,
our
knowledge
functions
is
largely
based
on
findings
from
studies
vertebrates
selected
protostomian
invertebrates.
Little
about
the
VP/OT-type
in
deuterostomian
invertebrates,
which
more
closely
related
to
than
protostomes.
The
sea
cucumber
Apostichopus
japonicus
is
a
foodstuff
with
very
high
economic
value
in
China,
Japan
and
other
countries
south-east
Asia.
It
at
the
heart
of
multibillion-dollar
industry
to
meet
demand
for
this
product,
aquaculture
methods
facilities
have
been
established.
However,
there
are
challenges
associated
optimization
reproduction,
feeding
growth
non-natural
environments.
Therefore,
we
need
learn
more
about
biology
A.
japonicus,
including
processes
such
as
aestivation,
evisceration,
regeneration
albinism.
One
major
classes
molecules
that
regulate
physiology
behaviour
animals
neuropeptides,
few
bioactive
peptides
already
identified
japonicus.
To
facilitate
comprehensive
investigations
neuropeptide
function
here
analysed
genomic
transcriptomic
sequence
data
proteomic
identify
precursors
neuropeptides
species.
We
44
transcripts
encoding
or
putative
precursors,
some
instances
derived
from
these
were
confirmed
by
mass
spectrometry.
Furthermore,
analysis
enabled
identification
location
precursor
genes
on
scaffolds
linkage
groups
(chromosomes)
determination
gene
structure.
Many
contain
homologs
bilaterian
animals.
Precursors
thus
far
only
echinoderms
identified,
L-
F-type
SALMFamides,
AN
others.
several
act
modulators
neuromuscular
activity
also
identified.
discovery
large
repertoire
provides
basis
experimental
studies
investigate
physiological
roles
signaling
systems
Looking
ahead,
may
effects
could
be
harnessed
enable
improvements
economically
important
Sulfakinin
(SK)/cholecystokinin
(CCK)-type
neuropeptides
regulate
feeding
and
digestion
in
protostomes
(e.g.
insects)
chordates.
Here,
we
characterised
SK/CCK-type
signalling
for
the
first
time
a
non-chordate
deuterostome
–
starfish
Asterias
rubens
(phylum
Echinodermata).
In
this
species,
two
(ArSK/CCK1,
ArSK/CCK2)
derived
from
precursor
protein
ArSK/CCKP
act
as
ligands
an
receptor
(ArSK/CCKR)
these
peptides/proteins
are
expressed
nervous
system,
digestive
tube
feet,
body
wall.
Furthermore,
ArSK/CCK1
ArSK/CCK2
cause
dose-dependent
contraction
of
cardiac
stomach,
foot,
apical
muscle
preparations
vitro,
injection
vivo
triggers
stomach
retraction
inhibition
onset
A.
.
Thus,
evolutionarily
ancient
role
inhibitory
regulators
feeding-related
processes
Bilateria
has
been
conserved
unusual
unique
context
extra-oral
behaviour
pentaradial
plan
echinoderm.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
119(7)
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022
Somatostatin
(SS)
and
allatostatin-C
(ASTC)
are
inhibitory
neuropeptides
in
chordates
protostomes,
respectively,
which
hitherto
were
identified
as
orthologs.
However,
echinoderms
have
two
SS/ASTC-type
(SS1
SS2),
here,
our
analysis
of
sequence
data
indicates
that
SS1
is
an
ortholog
ASTC
SS2
SS.
The
occurrence
both
SS-type
ASTC-type
provides
a
unique
context
to
compare
their
physiological
roles.
Investigation
the
expression
actions
neuropeptide
ArSS1
starfish
Asterias
rubens
revealed
it
causes
muscle
contraction
(myoexcitation),
contrasting
with
myoinhibitory
effects
ArSS2.
Our
findings
suggest
paralogous
originated
by
gene
duplication
common
ancestor
Bilateria,
only
one
type
being
retained
protostomes
but
types
echinoderms.
Loss
may
been
due
functional
redundancy
regulators
processes.
Conversely,
retention
be
consequence
evolution
myoexcitatory
role
for
mediated
yet
unknown
signaling
mechanisms.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2018
Calcitonin
(CT)
is
a
peptide
hormone
released
by
the
thyroid
gland
that
regulates
blood
Ca2+
levels
in
mammals.
The
CT
gene
alternatively
spliced,
with
one
transcript
encoding
and
another
CT-like
neuropeptide
calcitonin-gene
related
(α-CGRP),
which
powerful
vasodilator.
Other
CT-related
peptides
vertebrates
include
adrenomedullin,
amylin
intermedin,
also
act
as
smooth
muscle
relaxants.
evolutionary
origin
of
CT-type
has
been
traced
to
bilaterian
common
ancestor
protostomes
deuterostomes
(DH31)
identified
diuretic
some
insect
species.
However,
little
known
about
physiological
roles
other
invertebrates.
Here
we
characterized
deuterostomian
invertebrate
–
starfish
Asterias
rubens
(Phylum
Echinodermata).
A
precursor
cDNA
(ArCTP)
was
sequenced
predicted
structure
(ArCT)
derived
from
ArCTP
confirmed
using
mass
spectrometry.
distribution
mRNA
ArCT
investigated
situ
hybridization
immunohistochemistry,
respectively,
revealing
stained
cells/processes
nervous
system,
digestive
system
muscular
organs,
including
apical
tube
feet.
Investigation
effects
synthetic
on
vitro
preparations
feet
revealed
it
acts
relaxant,
causing
dose-dependent
reversal
acetylcholine-induced
contraction.
Furthermore,
relaxant
present
whole-animal
extracts
species,
Patiria
pectinifera,
an
ortholog
named
PpCT.
Consistent
expression
pattern
A.
rubens,
RT-qPCR
P.
pectinifera
PpCT
more
abundant
radial
nerve
cords
than
tissues/organs
analyzed.
In
conclusion,
our
findings
indicate
action
relaxants
may
reflect
evolutionarily
ancient
role
neuropeptides
can
be
back
deuterostomes.
Neuropeptides
are
diverse
and
evolutionarily
ancient
regulators
of
physiological/behavioural
processes
in
animals.
Here
we
have
investigated
the
evolution
comparative
physiology
luqin-type
neuropeptide
signalling,
which
has
been
characterised
previously
protostomian
invertebrates.
Phylogenetic
analysis
indicates
that
receptors
tachykinin-type
paralogous
probably
originated
a
common
ancestor
Bilateria.
In
deuterostomian
lineage,
signalling
lost
chordates
but
interestingly
it
retained
ambulacrarians.
Therefore,
here
for
first
time
an
ambulacrarian
-
starfish
Asterias
rubens
(phylum
Echinodermata).
A
luqin-like
with
C-terminal
RWamide
motif
(ArLQ;
EEKTRFPKFMRW-NH
Somatostatin
(SS)
and
allatostatin-C
(ASTC)
are
structurally
evolutionarily
related
neuropeptides
that
act
as
inhibitory
regulators
of
physiological
processes
in
mammals
insects,
respectively.
Here,
we
report
the
first
molecular
functional
characterization
SS/ASTC-type
signalling
a
deuterostome
invertebrate—the
starfish
Asterias
rubens
(phylum
Echinodermata).
Two
precursors
were
identified
A.
(ArSSP1
ArSSP2)
structures
derived
from
these
proteins
(ArSS1
ArSS2)
analysed
using
mass
spectrometry.
Pharmacological
three
cloned
receptors
(ArSSR1–3)
revealed
ArSS2,
but
not
ArSS1,
acts
ligand
for
all
receptors.
Analysis
ArSS2
expression
mRNA
situ
hybridization
immunohistochemistry
stained
cells/fibres
central
nervous
system,
digestive
system
(e.g.
cardiac
stomach)
body
wall
its
appendages
tube
feet).
Furthermore,
vitro
pharmacological
tests
causes
dose-dependent
relaxation
foot
stomach
preparations,
while
injection
vivo
partial
eversion
stomach.
Our
findings
provide
new
insights
into
evolution
animal
kingdom
reveal
an
ancient
role
SS-type
muscle
contractility.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
The
Philippines
is
a
renowned
marine
biodiversity
hotspot,
home
to
several
sea
cucumber
species
with
unusual
biological
traits.
Among
these,
Stichopus
cf.
horrens
notable
for
its
ability
undergo
rapid
body
wall
liquefaction
when
stressed,
coupled
remarkable
regenerative
abilities.
In
contrast,
Holothuria
scabra
has
one
of
the
most
robust
walls
in
cucumbers
and
thrives
many
regimes
tropics.
Despite
their
intriguing
traits,
neurobiology
chemical
diversity
these
remain
underexplored.
Neuropeptides
are
important
components
an
animal's
neurobiological
toolkit
that
underlie
various
physiological
behavioral
processes.
Thus,
discovery
neuropeptides
crucial
step
understanding
molecular
underpinnings
unique
traits
cucumbers.
Leveraging
throughput
sensitivity
tandem
mass
spectrometry,
we
obtained
unbiased
view
endogenous
peptidomes
radial
nerve
cord
tissues
non-model
species,
H.
S.
horrens.
this
work,
sequenced
60
mature
peptides
from
were
derived
22
precursor
proteins,
43
originating
25
proteins
nervous
tissues.
A
total
seven
previously
unannotated
uncharacterized
neuropeptide
precursors
identified,
thereby
expanding
known
animal
repertoire.
Furthermore,
discovered
consistent
structural
features
based
on
type
post-translational
modifications
while
pushing
forward
potentially
novel
proteolytic
processing
sites
during
peptide
maturation
enriched
flanking
amino
acid
residues.
Collectively,
our
results
provide
preliminary
data
expand
echinoderm
through
discovery,
paving
way
innovative
solutions
address
global
demand
echinoderms.
