Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
120(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2022
Nonimage-forming
vision
in
mammals
is
mediated
primarily
by
melanopsin
(OPN4)-expressing,
intrinsically
photosensitive
retinal
ganglion
cells
(ipRGCs).
In
mouse
M1-ipRGCs,
predominantly
activates,
via
Gαq,11,14,
phospholipase
C-β4
to
open
transient
receptor
6
(TRPC6)
and
TRPC7
channels.
M2-
M4-ipRGCs,
however,
a
prominent
phototransduction
mechanism
involves
the
opening
of
hyperpolarization-
cyclic
nucleotide-gated
channels
nucleotide,
although
upstream
steps
remain
uncertain.
We
report
here
experiments,
on
with
photo-uncaging
nucleotides
virally
expressed
CNGA2
conclude
that
second
messenger
adenosine
monophosphate
(cAMP)
-
very
surprising
considering
guanosine
(cGMP)
used
almost
all
nucleotide-mediated
mechanisms
across
animal
kingdom.
further
found
G
protein
likewise
Gq,
which
its
Gβγ
subunits
directly
activates
adenylyl
cyclase
(AC).
Our
findings
are
demonstration
native
cell
cross-motif
GPCR
signaling
pathway
from
Gq
AC
specific
function.
Annual Review of Vision Science,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
6(1), С. 453 - 468
Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2020
A
small
fraction
of
mammalian
retinal
ganglion
cells
are
directly
photoreceptive
thanks
to
their
expression
the
photopigment
melanopsin.
These
intrinsically
photosensitive
(ipRGCs)
have
well-established
roles
in
a
variety
reflex
responses
changes
ambient
light
intensity,
including
circadian
photoentrainment.
In
this
article,
we
review
growing
evidence,
obtained
primarily
from
laboratory
mice
and
humans,
that
ability
sense
via
melanopsin
is
also
an
important
component
perceptual
form
vision.
Melanopsin
photoreception
has
low
temporal
resolution,
making
it
fundamentally
biased
toward
detecting
coarse
patterns
rather
than
fine
details.
Nevertheless,
can
indirectly
impact
high-acuity
vision
by
driving
aspects
adaptation
ranging
pupil
constriction
visual
circuit
performance.
contributes
perceptions
brightness,
recent
data
suggest
influences
appearance
not
only
overall
scene
but
low-frequency
patterns.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
528(6), С. 1028 - 1040
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2019
Abstract
Multiple
retinal
ganglion
cell
(RGC)
types
in
the
mouse
retina
mediate
pattern
vision
by
responding
to
specific
features
of
visual
scene.
The
M4
and
M5
melanopsin‐expressing,
intrinsically
photosensitive
(ipRGC)
subtypes
are
two
RGC
that
thought
play
major
roles
vision.
ipRGCs
overlap
population
with
ON‐alpha
RGCs,
while
were
recently
reported
exhibit
opponent
responses
different
wavelengths
light
(color
opponency).
Despite
their
seemingly
distinct
processing,
previous
reports
have
suggested
these
populations
may
morphological
functional
properties,
which
calls
into
question
whether
fact
types.
Here,
we
show
classes
ipRGCs,
but
they
cannot
be
exclusively
differentiated
based
on
color
opponency
dendritic
morphology
as
previously
reported.
Instead,
find
can
only
distinguished
soma
size
number
branch
points
combination
SMI‐32
immunoreactivity.
These
results
important
implications
for
clearly
defining
behavior.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
529(8), С. 1863 - 1875
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2020
Retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs),
the
output
neurons
of
retina,
allow
us
to
perceive
our
visual
environment.
RGCs
respond
rod/cone
input
through
retinal
circuitry,
however,
a
small
population
are
in
addition
intrinsically
photosensitive
(ipRGCs)
and
project
unique
targets
brain
modulate
broad
range
subconscious
behaviors
such
as
pupil
constriction
circadian
photoentrainment.
Despite
discovery
ipRGCs
nearly
two
decades
ago,
there
is
still
little
information
about
how
or
if
conventional
(non-ipRGCs)
target
ipRGC-recipient
nuclei
influence
behavior.
Using
dual
recombinase
fluorescent
reporter
strategy,
we
showed
that
innervate
many
nuclei,
apart
from
suprachiasmatic
nucleus.
We
revealed
previously
unrecognized
stratification
patterns
innervation
ventral
portion
lateral
geniculate
Further,
found
percent
across
ipsi-
contralateral
differ.
Our
data
provide
blueprint
understand
different
regions
behaviors.
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
224(23)
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2021
Melanopsin
is
a
visual
pigment
that
expressed
in
small
subset
of
intrinsically
photosensitive
retinal
ganglion
cells
(ipRGCs).
It
involved
regulating
non-image
forming
behaviors,
such
as
circadian
photoentrainment
and
the
pupillary
light
reflex,
while
also
playing
role
many
aspects
image-forming
vision,
contrast
sensitivity.
was
initially
discovered
melanophores
skin
frog
Xenopus,
subsequently
found
rat,
mouse
primate
retinas.
ipRGCs
were
thought
to
be
single
cell
population,
melanopsin
activate
single,
invertebrate-like
Gq/transient
receptor
potential
canonical
(TRPC)-based
phototransduction
cascade
within
these
cells.
However,
20
years
since
discovery
melanopsin,
our
knowledge
this
has
expanded
dramatically.
Six
ipRGC
subtypes
have
now
been
identified
mouse,
each
with
unique
morphological,
physiological
functional
properties.
Multiple
other
species,
suggesting
type
diversity
general
feature
system.
This
led
renewed
interest
may
not
follow
Gq/TRPC
or
plethora
organisms
express
photopigment.
In
Review,
we
discuss
recent
findings
discoveries
challenged
prevailing
view
pathway
influences
solely
functions.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
120(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2022
Nonimage-forming
vision
in
mammals
is
mediated
primarily
by
melanopsin
(OPN4)-expressing,
intrinsically
photosensitive
retinal
ganglion
cells
(ipRGCs).
In
mouse
M1-ipRGCs,
predominantly
activates,
via
Gαq,11,14,
phospholipase
C-β4
to
open
transient
receptor
6
(TRPC6)
and
TRPC7
channels.
M2-
M4-ipRGCs,
however,
a
prominent
phototransduction
mechanism
involves
the
opening
of
hyperpolarization-
cyclic
nucleotide-gated
channels
nucleotide,
although
upstream
steps
remain
uncertain.
We
report
here
experiments,
on
with
photo-uncaging
nucleotides
virally
expressed
CNGA2
conclude
that
second
messenger
adenosine
monophosphate
(cAMP)
-
very
surprising
considering
guanosine
(cGMP)
used
almost
all
nucleotide-mediated
mechanisms
across
animal
kingdom.
further
found
G
protein
likewise
Gq,
which
its
Gβγ
subunits
directly
activates
adenylyl
cyclase
(AC).
Our
findings
are
demonstration
native
cell
cross-motif
GPCR
signaling
pathway
from
Gq
AC
specific
function.