With
the
increase
in
demand
for
high-performance
composite
explosives,
search
advanced
energetic
melt-castable
compounds
has
attracted
increasing
attention
field
of
materials.
Herein,
two
new
materials
with
nitromethyl
and
azidomethyl
substituents
(1-(nitromethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole
(NMDNP)
1-(azidomethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole
(AMDNP)
were
prepared
by
substituent
modification
a
potential
molecule
((3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)
methyl
nitrate,
MC-4),
respectively.
NMDNP
exhibited
suitable
melting
point
(90
°C),
good
thermal
stability
(Td
:
185
°C)
excellent
detonation
performance
(8484
m
s-1
)
impact
sensitivity
(25
J),
thereby
demonstrating
promise
as
an
material.
Simultaneously,
compared
nitrato-methyl
substituents,
greater
advantages
regulating
performance.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
6(18), С. 11813 - 11821
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021
A
review
of
energetic
materials
based
on
the
nitric
ester
functionality
is
presented.
Examined
are
that
classified
as
primary
explosives,
pressable
secondary
melt-castable
and
rocket-
gun-propellant
materials.
Disclosed
molecular
structures,
physical
properties,
performances,
sensitivities
most
important
legacy
esters,
well
relevant
new
developed
within
past
several
years.
Where
necessary,
discussions
synthetic
protocols
to
synthesize
these
also
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
63(3), С. 753 - 769
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023
The
drop-weight
impact
test
is
an
experiment
that
has
been
used
for
nearly
80
years
to
evaluate
handling
sensitivity
of
high
explosives.
Although
the
results
this
are
known
have
large
statistical
uncertainties,
it
one
most
common
tests
due
its
accessibility
and
modest
material
requirements.
In
paper,
we
compile
a
data
set
(mainly
performed
at
Los
Alamos
National
Laboratory),
along
with
compendium
molecular
chemical
descriptors
explosives
under
test.
These
consist
over
500
unique
explosives,
1000
repeat
tests,
100
descriptors,
total
about
1500
observations.
We
use
random
forest
methods
estimate
model
explosive
as
function
properties
Our
predicts
well
across
wide
range
types,
spanning
broad
performance
sensitivity.
find
related
performance,
such
heat
explosion,
oxygen
balance,
functional
group,
highly
predictive
Yet,
models
omit
many
these
still
perform
well.
suggest
there
not
or
even
several
factors
explain
sensitivity,
but
complex,
interrelated
effects
play.
Dalton Transactions,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
52(22), С. 7673 - 7683
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
The
preparation
of
multipurpose
high-energy
materials
for
space
technologies
remains
a
challenging
task
and
such
usually
require
special
precautions
fine
tunability
their
functional
properties.
To
unveil
new
opportunities
en
route
to
high-performance
energetic
materials,
novel
potential
melt-castable
explosives
plasticizers
incorporating
(1,2,3-triazolyl)furazan
scaffold
enriched
with
nitro
nitratomethyl
explosophoric
functionalities
were
synthesized.
successful
implementation
the
regiodivergent
approach
enabled
regioisomeric
(nitratomethyltriazolyl)furazans
that
possessed
significantly
different
physicochemical
properties
classifying
target
as
substances
or
plasticizers.
Hirshfeld
surface
calculations
supported
by
energy
framework
plots
also
performed
better
understand
relationship
between
molecular
structure
sensitivity.
All
prepared
(1,2,3-triazolyl)furazans
show
high
nitrogen-oxygen
contents
(76-77%),
good
experimental
densities
(up
1.72
g
cm-3)
positive
enthalpies
formation
(180-318
kJ
mol-1)
resulting
in
detonation
performances
(D
=
7.1-8.0
km
s-1;
P
21-29
GPa).
Overall,
this
work
unveils
strategies
construction
balanced
various
applications.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
86(9), С. 6371 - 6380
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2021
Recently,
different
nitrato-methyl-substituted
oxadiazoles
have
been
described
as
potential
melt-cast
explosives.
In
this
work,
corresponding
N–O
heterocyclic-based
compounds
with
azido-methyl
functionalities
were
synthesized.
each
case,
the
explosophoric
azide
group
is
inserted
by
chlorine–azide
exchange
during
last
synthetic
step.
All
synthesized
show
interesting
characteristics
for
various
applications
in
field
of
energetic
materials
plasticizers
or
The
extensively
analyzed
IR,
EA
DTA,
and
multinuclear
NMR
spectroscopy.
Furthermore,
solid
4,4′,5,5′-tetrakis(azidomethyl)-3,3′-bisisoxazole
(2)
3,3′-bis(azidomethyl)-5,5′-bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)
(4)
characterized
using
X-ray
diffraction.
addition,
sensitivities
toward
friction
impact
determined
BAM
standard
techniques,
performances
all
calculated
EXPLO5
code.
properties
compared
to
recently
published,
structurally
related
compounds.
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
28(38)
Опубликована: Май 3, 2022
Highly
energetic
1-(azidomethyl)-5H-tetrazole
(AzMT,
3)
has
been
synthesized
and
characterized.
This
completes
the
series
of
1-(azidoalkyl)-5H-tetrazoles
represented
by
1-(azidoethyl)-5H-tetrazole
(AET)
1-(azidopropyl)-5H-tetrazole
(APT).
AzMT
was
thoroughly
analyzed
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
experiments,
elemental
analysis,
IR
spectroscopy
multinuclear
(
Chemistry - A European Journal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(44)
Опубликована: Май 22, 2023
The
development
of
liquid
energetic
fuels
with
improved
properties
is
an
important
topic
in
space
propulsion
technologies.
In
this
manuscript,
a
series
ionic
liquids
incorporating
1,2,5-oxadiazole
ring
and
nitrate,
dicyanamide
or
dinitramide
anion
was
synthesized
their
physicochemical
were
evaluated.
compounds
fully
characterized
found
to
have
good
thermal
stabilities
(up
219
°C)
experimental
densities
(1.21-1.47
g
cm-3
).
Advantageously,
1,2,5-oxadiazole-based
high
combined
nitrogen-oxygen
contents
64.4
%),
while
detonation
velocities
are
on
the
level
known
explosive
TNT,
combustion
performance
exceeds
those
benchmark
2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium
nitrate.
Considering
established
hypergolicity
H2
O2
presence
catalyst,
insensitivity
impact,
strong
application
potential
as
for
Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
647(19), С. 1856 - 1882
Опубликована: Май 21, 2021
Abstract
High
Energy
Materials
(HEMs)
is
a
generic/umbrella
term
which
used
for
explosives,
propellants
&
pyrotechnics
and
form
an
integral
part
of
almost
all
weapon
systems.
A
large
number
HEMs
have
been
reported
in
the
literature
last
few
decades.
This
review
paper
discusses
these
light
new
classification
explosives
proposed
by
Agrawal:
Thermally
stable
or
Heat‐resistant
performance
(high
density
high
velocity
detonation)
Melt‐Castable
Insensitive
(IHEs),
Energetic
binders
plasticizers
Novel
energetic
materials
synthesized
with
use
dinitrogen
pentoxide
(N
2
O
5
)
technology.
also
critically
examines
from
angles
scalability,
processability,
safety,
reliability
order
to
ascertain
their
potential
applications.
In
end,
problems
associated
currently
available
likely
solutions
areas
further
research
are
highlighted.
