Abstract
Converting
poly(ethylene
terephthalate)
(PET)
into
metal–organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
has
emerged
as
a
promising
innovation
for
upcycling
of
waste
plastics.
However,
previous
solvothermal
methods
suffer
from
toxic
solvent
consumption,
long
reaction
time,
high
pressure,
and
temperature.
Herein,
mechanochemical
milling
strategy
was
reported
to
transform
PET
series
MOFs
with
yields.
This
had
the
merits
solvent‐free
conditions,
ambient
temperature,
short
running
easy
scale‐up
large‐scale
production
MOFs.
The
as‐prepared
exhibited
definite
crystal
structure
porous
morphology
composed
agglomerated
nanoparticles.
It
proven
that,
under
milling,
firstly
decomposed
1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate,
which
acted
linkers
coordinate
metal
ions
forming
fragments,
followed
by
gradual
arrangement
fragments
work
not
only
promotes
value‐added
conversion
polyesters
but
also
offers
new
opportunity
produce
in
green
scalable
manner.
ACS Catalysis,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(7), С. 4865 - 4926
Опубликована: Март 18, 2024
Rapid
industrialization
and
development
have
led
to
a
tremendous
increase
in
the
use
of
various
types
plastic
commodities
daily
life.
For
past
several
years,
pollution
has
become
global
issue,
posing
serious
threat
mankind.
The
primary
issue
with
increasing
is
lack
proper
management
which
created
huge
havoc
environment.
From
initial
phase
waste
management,
been
discarded,
recycled,
downcycled,
or
dumped
into
landfills
large
proportion,
causing
extreme
damage
ecosystem.
Conventionally,
treated
via
thermal
processes
such
as
pyrolysis
incineration
plants
require
amount
capital
and,
therefore,
harms
aim
circular
economy.
Chemical
upcycling
gaining
attention
high-potential
catalytic
strategy
convert
plastics,
polyethylene
terephthalate,
polyethylene,
polystyrene,
etc.
fuels,
functionalized
polymers,
other
value-added
chemicals
having
direct
impact
on
affordability
viability.
In
this
review,
we
focused
photocatalysis,
electrocatalysis,
photoelectrocatalysis
effective
efficient
technologies.
These
approaches
can
lower
dependence
nonrenewable
resources
are
more
environmentally
friendly
contrast
conventional
approaches.
This
review
elaborately
discusses
pros
cons
provides
detailed
overview
potential
renewable
energy-driven
for
conversion
wastes
valuable
fuels
commodity
chemicals,
along
challenges
future
directions
emerging
approach
treatment.
Applied Energy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
345, С. 121307 - 121307
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023
Plastic
production
and
its
unplanned
management
disposal,
has
been
shown
to
pollute
terrestrial,
aquatic,
atmospheric
environments.
Petroleum-derived
plastics
do
not
decompose
tend
persist
in
the
surrounding
environment
for
longer
time.
Plastics
can
be
ingested
accumulate
into
tissues
of
both
terrestrial
aquatic
animals,
which
impede
their
growth
development.
Petrochemicals
are
primary
feedstocks
manufacture
plastics.
The
plastic
wastes
retrieved
back
conversion
value
added
petrochemicals
including
aromatic
char,
hydrogen,
synthesis
gas,
bio-crude
oil
using
various
technologies
thermochemical,
catalytic
chemolysis.
This
review
focusses
on
technologies,
opportunities,
challenges
outlooks
retrieving
petrochemicals.
also
explores
technical
approaches
regard
commercial
feasibility,
economic
environmental
sustainability.
Further,
this
work
provides
a
detailed
discussion
opportunities
associated
with
recent
thermochemical
adopted
waste
fuels
chemicals.
recommends
prospects
future
research
improve
processes
cost-efficiency
promising
It
is
envisioned
that
would
overcomes
knowledge
gaps
further
contribute
emerging
sustainable
exploiting
value-added
products.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
913, С. 169436 - 169436
Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023
Due
to
the
'forever'
degrading
nature
of
plastic
waste,
waste
management
is
often
complicated.
The
applications
are
ubiquitous
and
inevitable
in
many
scenarios.
Current
global
plastics
production
ca.
3.5
MMT
per
year,
with
current
trend,
will
reach
25,000
by
2040.
However,
rapid
growth
manufacture
material's
inherent
resulted
accumulation
a
vast
amount
garbage.
recycling
rate
<10
%,
while
large
volumes
discarded
cause
environmental
ecological
problems.
Recycling
rates
for
vary
widely
region
type
plastic.
In
some
developed
countries,
around
20-30
developing
nations,
it
much
lower.
These
statistics
highlight
magnitude
problem
urgent
need
comprehensive
strategies
manage
more
effectively
reduce
its
impact
on
environment.
This
review
critically
analyses
past
studies
essential
efficient
techniques
turning
trash
into
treasure.
Additionally,
an
attempt
has
been
made
provide
understanding
upcycling
process,
3Rs
policy,
life-cycle
assessment
(LCA)
conversion.
advocates
pyrolysis
as
one
most
promising
methods
valuable
chemicals.
addition,
can
be
severely
impacted
due
uncontrollable
events,
such
Covid
19
pandemic.
chemical
certainly
bring
value
end-of-life
LCA
analysis
indicated
there
still
huge
scope
innovation
area
compared
mechanical
recycling.
formulation
policies
heightened
public
participation
could
play
pivotal
role
reducing
repercussions
facilitating
shift
towards
sustainable
future.
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18, С. 100589 - 100589
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024
Reduce
environmental
impacts
and
guarantee
a
steady
supply
of
critical
chemicals
by
practising
sustainable
waste
management
chemical
production.
By
advancing
circular
economy
ideas
decreasing
dependency
on
finite
resources,
this
research
has
the
potential
to
alter
industrial
landscape
radically.
The
technological,
economic,
regulatory,
social
barriers
material
recovery
production
are
explored
in
paper.
key
resolving
these
issues
is
identification
solutions
that
both
economically
viable
environmentally
benign.
This
paper
introduces
Chemical
Production
Waste
Material
Recovery
Framework
(CP&WMRF),
which
incorporates
innovative
recycling
upcycling
methods,
manufacturing
processes,
incorporation
digital
technologies
like
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
machine
learning
(ML)
maximize
efficiency
with
resources
employed.
It
possible
reduce
energy
use
Interfaces
help
CP&WMRF.
Chemicals
can
be
manufactured
using
feedstocks
as
an
alternative
fossil
fuels.
system
standardizes
how
e-waste
recycled
recovered
metals
materials
used.
To
prove
viability
they
require
simulation
modeling
tools.
assessments
decision-makers
understand
benefits
drawbacks
proposed
terms
their
performance,
effect,
economic
viability.
When
pitted
against
AI-ML,
achieved
94.2
%,
CP&WMRF's
96.2%
result
reveals
significant
edge.
AI-ML
less
efficient,
score
93.8
%.
field
sustainability
analysis,
95.2%,
higher
than
AI-ML's
decent
lower
93.2%.
impressive
97.5%
CP&WMRF
resource
substantially
surpasses
92.8%
ascribed
AI-ML.
remarkable
success
optimizing
recovery,
98.7%,
91.5%
associated
present
establishes
framework
for
revolutionary
move
toward
green
chemistry
integrating
all-encompassing
applications,
rigorous
analysis.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
124(16), С. 9457 - 9579
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024
The
large
production
volumes
of
commodity
polyolefins
(specifically,
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
polystyrene,
and
poly(vinyl
chloride)),
in
conjunction
with
their
low
unit
values
multitude
short-term
uses,
have
resulted
a
significant
pressing
waste
management
challenge.
Only
small
fraction
these
is
currently
mechanically
recycled,
the
rest
being
incinerated,
accumulating
landfills,
or
leaking
into
natural
environment.
Since
are
energy-rich
materials,
there
considerable
interest
recouping
some
chemical
value
while
simultaneously
motivating
more
responsible
end-of-life
management.
An
emerging
strategy
catalytic
depolymerization,
which
portion
C-C
bonds
polyolefin
backbone
broken
assistance
catalyst
and,
cases,
additional
molecule
reagents.
When
products
molecules
materials
higher
own
right,
as
feedstocks,
process
called
upcycling.
This
review
summarizes
recent
progress
for
four
major
upcycling
strategies:
hydrogenolysis,
(hydro)cracking,
tandem
processes
involving
metathesis,
selective
oxidation.
Key
considerations
include
macromolecular
reaction
mechanisms
relative
to
mechanisms,
design
transformations,
effect
conditions
on
product
selectivity.
Metrics
describing
critically
evaluated,
an
outlook
future
advances
described.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
63(11)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024
Abstract
Upgrading
of
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
waste
into
valuable
oxygenated
molecules
is
a
fascinating
process,
yet
it
remains
challenging.
Herein,
we
developed
two‐step
strategy
involving
methanolysis
PET
to
dimethyl
(DMT),
followed
by
hydrogenation
DMT
produce
the
high‐valued
chemical
methyl
p‐methyl
benzoate
(MMB)
using
fixed‐bed
reactor
and
Cu/ZrO
2
catalyst.
Interestingly,
discovered
phase
structure
ZrO
significantly
regulates
selectivity
products.
Cu
supported
on
monoclinic
(5
%Cu/m‐ZrO
)
exhibits
an
exceptional
86
%
for
conversion
MMB,
while
tetragonal
%Cu/t‐ZrO
predominantly
produces
p‐xylene
(PX)
with
75
%.
The
superior
MMB
over
Cu/m‐ZrO
can
be
attributed
weaker
acid
sites
present
m‐ZrO
compared
t‐ZrO
.
This
weak
acidity
leads
moderate
adsorption
capability
facilitating
its
desorption.
Furthermore,
DFT
calculations
reveal
catalyst
shows
higher
effective
energy
barrier
cleavage
second
C−O
bond
Cu/t‐ZrO
catalyst;
this
distinction
ensures
high
MMB.
not
only
presents
approach
upgrading
fine
chemicals
but
also
offers
controlling
primary
product
in
multistep
reaction.
Energy & environment materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Recycling
plastic
waste
into
triboelectric
nanogenerators
(TENGs)
presents
a
sustainable
approach
to
energy
harvesting,
self‐powered
sensing,
and
environmental
remediation.
This
study
investigates
the
recycling
of
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
pipe
polymers
nanofibers
(NFs)
optimized
for
TENG
applications.
We
focused
on
optimizing
morphology
recycled
PVC
polymer
NFs
enhancing
their
piezoelectric
properties
by
incorporating
ZnO
nanoparticles
(NPs).
The
PVC/0.5
wt%
were
tested
with
Nylon‐6
NFs,
copper
(Cu)
electrodes.
exhibited
power
density
726.3
μW
cm
−2
—1.13
times
higher
than
Cu
maintained
90%
stability
after
172
800
cycles,
successfully
powering
various
colored
LEDs.
Additionally,
3D‐designed
device
was
developed
harvest
from
biomechanical
movements
such
as
finger
tapping,
hand
foot
pressing,
making
it
suitable
wearable
automatic
switches,
invisible
sensors
in
surveillance
systems.
demonstrates
that
devices
can
effectively
address
energy,
sensor,
challenges.
