PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(1), С. e0317573 - e0317573
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Post-traumatic
Stress
Disorder
(PTSD),
Major
Depressive
(MDD),
and
Adjustment
(AdjD)
are
highly
prevalent
among
military
personnel,
often
presenting
diagnostic
challenges
due
to
overlapping
symptoms
reliance
on
self-reporting.
The
amygdala,
particularly
the
basolateral
complex
involved
in
fear-related
memory
formation
extinction
recall,
plays
a
crucial
role
emotional
processing.
Abnormalities
these
amygdala
nuclei
implicated
PTSD
may
distinguish
it
from
other
disorders
like
MDD
AdjD,
where
mechanisms
less
central.
Investigating
structural
differences
specific
could
enhance
precision
inform
targeted
interventions.
This
study
aimed
explore
volumetric
patients
with
PTSD,
MDD,
comorbid
(PTSD+MDD),
AdjD
using
routine
clinical
MRI
data.
We
hypothesized
that
would
exhibit
distinct
volumes
compared
those
or
AdjD.
Additionally,
we
examined
influence
of
symptom
duration,
prior
medication,
psychotherapeutic
experience
volumes.
conducted
retrospective
cross-sectional
185
personnel
(162
men,
23
women)
diagnosed
(n
=
50),
70),
PTSD+MDD
38),
27).
High-resolution
T1-weighted
scans
were
obtained
3T
Siemens
Skyra
scanner.
Amygdala
subfields
automatically
segmented
volumetrized
FreeSurfer
software.
Analysis
covariance
(ANCOVA)
models
across
groups,
controlling
for
estimated
total
intracranial
volume
(eTIV),
age,
gender.
Exploratory
analyses
included
medication
use,
psychotherapy
as
additional
covariates.
Sensitivity
further
impact
depressive
episode
type
(first
vs.
recurrent),
severity
(mild,
moderate,
severe),
duration.
main
revealed
no
significant
medial
PTSD+MDD,
groups.
did
not
identify
associations
between
psychotherapy.
also
showed
related
type,
severity,
Our
findings
suggest
that,
within
this
population,
measured
data
do
significantly
differ
indicates
volumetry
alone
suffice
stress-related
settings.
highlights
complexity
diagnosing
mental
health
conditions
underscores
need
comprehensive
approaches
integrate
neuroimaging
assessments.
Future
research
should
include
healthy
control
consider
brain
regions
functional
connectivity,
employ
longitudinal
designs
better
understand
temporal
dynamics
changes
their
relation
symptomatology.
Current Neuropharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
22(4), С. 557 - 635
Опубликована: Май 3, 2023
Abstract:
This
narrative
state-of-the-art
review
paper
describes
the
progress
in
understanding
and
treatment
of
Posttraumatic
Stress
Disorder
(PTSD).
Over
last
four
decades,
scientific
landscape
has
matured,
with
many
interdisciplinary
contributions
to
its
diagnosis,
etiology,
epidemiology.
Advances
genetics,
neurobiology,
stress
pathophysiology,
brain
imaging
have
made
it
apparent
that
chronic
PTSD
is
a
systemic
disorder
high
allostatic
load.
The
current
state
includes
wide
variety
pharmacological
psychotherapeutic
approaches,
which
are
evidence-based.
However,
myriad
challenges
inherent
disorder,
such
as
individual
barriers
good
outcome,
comorbidity,
emotional
dysregulation,
suicidality,
dissociation,
substance
use,
trauma-related
guilt
shame,
often
render
response
suboptimal.
These
discussed
drivers
for
emerging
novel
including
early
interventions
Golden
Hours,
interventions,
medication
augmentation
use
psychedelics,
well
targeting
nervous
system.
All
this
aims
improve
symptom
relief
clinical
outcomes.
Finally,
phase
orientation
recognized
tool
strategize
position
step
progression
pathophysiology.
Revisions
guidelines
systems
care
will
be
needed
incorporate
innovative
treatments
evidence
emerges
they
become
mainstream.
generation
well-positioned
address
devastating
disabling
impact
traumatic
events
through
holistic,
cutting-edge
efforts
research.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Май 2, 2023
Abstract
Macrostructural
characteristics,
such
as
cost
of
living
and
state-level
anti-poverty
programs
relate
to
the
magnitude
socioeconomic
disparities
in
brain
development
mental
health.
In
this
study
we
leveraged
data
from
Adolescent
Brain
Cognitive
Development
(ABCD)
10,633
9-11
year
old
youth
(5115
female)
across
17
states.
Lower
income
was
associated
with
smaller
hippocampal
volume
higher
internalizing
psychopathology.
These
associations
were
stronger
states
living.
However,
high
that
provide
more
generous
cash
benefits
for
low-income
families,
reduced
by
34%,
association
family
resembled
lowest
We
observed
similar
patterns
State-level
may
be
confounded
other
factors
related
neurodevelopment
robust
controls
numerous
social,
economic,
political
characteristics.
findings
suggest
macrostructural
including
generosity
policies,
are
potentially
relevant
addressing
relationship
low
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 11, 2024
Abstract
Childhood
maltreatment
is
a
risk
factor
for
psychopathologies,
and
influences
brain
development
at
specific
periods,
particularly
during
early
childhood
adolescence.
This
narrative
review
addresses
phenotypic
alterations
in
sensory
systems
associated
with
types
of
exposure,
periods
vulnerability
to
the
neurobiological
effects
maltreatment,
relationships
between
structure,
function,
connectivity,
network
architecture;
psychopathology;
resilience.
It
also
maternal
communication
attachment
disturbances,
uses
laboratory-based
measures
infancy
case–control
studies
elucidate
reactive
disorders
children
histories.
Moreover,
we
on
acute
oxytocin
disorder
methylation
regulatory
genes.
Epigenetic
changes
may
play
critical
role
initiating
or
producing
atypical
structural
functional
maltreatment.
However,
these
could
be
reversed
through
psychological
pharmacological
interventions,
by
anticipating
preventing
emergence
subsequent
psychopathological
risks.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
178(11), С. 998 - 1013
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2021
Adversity
early
in
life
is
common
and
a
major
risk
factor
for
the
onset
of
psychopathology.
Delineating
neurodevelopmental
pathways
by
which
adversity
affects
mental
health
critical
identification
targeted
treatment
approaches.
A
rapidly
growing
cross-species
literature
has
facilitated
advances
identifying
mechanisms
linking
with
psychopathology,
specific
dimensions
timing-related
factors
that
differentially
relate
to
outcomes,
protective
buffer
against
effects
adversity.
Yet,
vast
complexity
heterogeneity
environments
trajectories
contribute
challenges
understanding
resilience
context
In
this
overview,
author
highlights
progress
four
areas—mechanisms,
heterogeneity,
developmental
timing,
factors;
synthesizes
key
challenges;
provides
recommendations
future
research
can
facilitate
field.
Translation
across
species
ongoing
refinement
conceptual
models
have
strong
potential
inform
prevention
intervention
strategies
reduce
immense
burden
psychopathology
associated
Biological Psychology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
170, С. 108305 - 108305
Опубликована: Март 7, 2022
Although
the
amygdala
plays
an
important
part
in
pathogenesis
of
anxiety
and
generation
exteroceptive
fear,
recent
discoveries
have
challenged
directionality
this
brain-behavior
relationship
with
respect
to
interoceptive
fear.
Here
we
highlight
several
paradoxical
findings
including:
(1)
lesion
patients
who
experience
excessive
fear
panic
following
inhalation
carbon
dioxide
(CO2),
(2)
clinically
anxious
significantly
smaller
(rather
than
larger)
amygdalae
a
pronounced
hypersensitivity
toward
CO2,
(3)
epilepsy
exhibit
apnea
immediately
stimulation
their
yet
no
awareness
that
breathing
has
stopped.
The
above
elucidate
entirely
novel
role
for
induction
inhibition
CO2-induced
Such
is
plausible
given
strong
inhibitory
connections
linking
central
nucleus
respiratory
chemoreceptive
centers
brainstem.
Based
on
anatomical
arrangement,
propose
model
Apnea-induced
Anxiety
(AiA)
which
predicts
recurring
episodes
are
being
unconsciously
elicited
by
activation,
resulting
transient
spikes
CO2
provoke
anxiety,
lead
characteristic
patterns
escape
avoidance
behavior
spanning
spectrum
anxiety.
If
new
conception
AiA
proves
be
true,
activation
can
repeatedly
trigger
states
outside
one's
awareness,
then
it
remains
possible
chronicity
disorders
interoceptively
driven
system
struggling
maintain
homeostasis
midst
these
breathless
states.
Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
1(4), С. 272 - 282
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2021
Adolescence
is
a
period
of
increased
vulnerability
for
internalizing
problems,
particularly
following
stressful
life
events.
We
examined
how
emotion
regulation
and
brain
structure
function
were
associated
with
problems
during
the
COVID-19
pandemic
moderated
association
between
pandemic-related
stressors
problems.Data
are
from
longitudinal
sample
(N
=
145,
age
range,
10-15
years)
strategically
assessed
at
3
crucial
time
points:
before
pandemic,
early
stay-at-home
order
period,
again
6
months
later.
associations
amygdala
hippocampal
volume
activation
an
emotional
processing
task
use
strategies
problems.Greater
exposure
to
was
higher
both
later
in
pandemic.
Youths
who
reported
more
frequent
rumination
expressive
suppression
lower
cognitive
reappraisal
had
Higher
left
neutral
relative
fearful
faces
greater
stronger
link
pandemic.Stressors
related
strongly
adolescent
as
individual
differences
reactivity
their
underlying
neural
mechanisms.
Interventions
that
reduce
foster
adaptive
skills
may
protect
against
psychopathology
this
heightened
stress.
