Increasing taxonomic diversity and spatial resolution clarifies opportunities for protecting US imperiled species

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

Abstract Continental‐ and regional‐scale assessments of gaps in protected area networks typically use relatively coarse range maps for well documented species groups, creating uncertainty about the fate unexamined biodiversity providing insufficient guidance land managers. By building habitat suitability models a taxonomically diverse group 2216 imperiled plants animals, we revealed comprehensive detailed protection opportunities conterminous United States. Summing protection‐weighted range‐size rarity (PWRSR, product percent modeled outside areas inverse extent) uncovered novel patterns importance. Concentrations unprotected places such as northern Sierra Nevada, central Arizona, Rocky Mountains Utah Colorado, southeastern Texas, southwestern Arkansas, Florida's Lake Wales Ridge have rarely if ever been featured continental‐ analyses. Inclusion taxa (vertebrates, freshwater mussels, crayfishes, bumble bees, butterflies, skippers, vascular plants) partially drove these new patterns. When analyses were restricted to groups included previous studies (birds, mammals, amphibians), up 53% other left out. The finer resolution inputs (990 m) also resulted more geographically dispersed pattern. For example, 90% human population States lives within 50 km one or with high PWRSR scores. Over one‐half 818 occurs federally lands managed protection; an additional 360 over their on federal multiple land. Freshwater animals occur poorer landscape condition but less exposure climate change than suggesting that restoration is important conservation strategy species. results provide fine‐scale, local regional priority‐setting show although efforts are still widely needed private lands, notable gains can be achieved by increasing status selected lands.

Язык: Английский

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Shedding light on dark taxa in sky‐island Appalachian leaf litter: Assessing patterns of endemicity using large‐scale, voucher‐based barcoding

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1), С. 16 - 30

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023

Abstract Developing systematic conservation plans depends on a wealth of information region's biodiversity. For ‘dark taxa' such as arthropods, data are usually very incomplete and in most cases left out from assessments. Sky islands important often fragile biodiversity hotspots. Southern Appalachian high‐elevation spruce–fir forests represent particularly threatened sky‐island ecosystem, hosting numerous endemic species, but their arthropods remain understudied. Here we use voucher‐based megabarcoding to explore genetic differentiation among leaf‐litter arthropod communities these highlands, examine the extent which they dispersed more or less coherent manageable distributed unit. We assembled dataset comprising than 6000 COI sequences representing diverse groups assess species richness sharing across peaks ranges. Comparisons were standardised taxa using automated delimitation, measuring endemism levels by putative species. Species was high, with sites 86 199 litter (not including mites myriapods). Community profiles suggest that around one fourth unique single sky third all limited particular range. Across major taxa, endemicity lowest Araneae, highest neglected like Isopoda, Pseudoscorpionida, Protura Diplura. habitat host significantly distinct communities, high local endemicity. This is first work provide clear picture peak range uniqueness for taxonomically broad sample. Ensuring protection sizeable fraction will therefore require attention at relatively fine spatial scale.

Язык: Английский

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Challenges in data-driven geospatial modeling for environmental research and practice

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

Machine learning-based geospatial applications offer unique opportunities for environmental monitoring due to domains and scales adaptability computational efficiency. However, the specificity of data introduces biases in straightforward implementations. We identify a streamlined pipeline enhance model accuracy, addressing issues like imbalanced data, spatial autocorrelation, prediction errors, nuances generalization uncertainty estimation. examine tools techniques overcoming these obstacles provide insights into future AI developments. A big picture field is completed from advances processing general, including demands industry-related solutions relevant outcomes applied sciences. In this scoping review, authors explore challenges implementing data-driven models—namely machine learning deep algorithms—in research.

Язык: Английский

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Creating Strategic Reserves to Protect Forest Carbon and Reduce Biodiversity Losses in the United States

Land, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(5), С. 721 - 721

Опубликована: Май 11, 2022

This paper provides a review and comparison of strategies to increase forest carbon, reduce species losses for climate change mitigation adaptation in the United States. It compares management actions that are taking place or being proposed wildfire risk carbon storage with recent research findings. International agreements state safeguarding biodiversity ecosystems is fundamental resilience respect impacts on them, their roles mitigation. The Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change report impacts, mitigation, found, member countries agreed, maintaining ecosystem services at global scale “fundamental” adaptation, requires “effective equitable conservation approximately 30 50% Earth’s land, freshwater ocean areas, including current near-natural ecosystems.” Our key message many States not consistent goals, preserving lands water feasible, effective, necessary achieving them.

Язык: Английский

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Combining environmental DNA and remote sensing for efficient, fine-scale mapping of arthropod biodiversity

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1904)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2024

Arthropods contribute importantly to ecosystem functioning but remain understudied. This undermines the validity of conservation decisions. Modern methods are now making arthropods easier study, since can be mass-trapped, mass-identified, and semi-mass-quantified into ‘many-row (observation), many-column (species)‘ datasets, with homogeneous error, high resolution, copious environmental-covariate information. These ‘novel community datasets’ let us efficiently generate information on arthropod species distributions, values, uncertainty, magnitude direction human impacts. We use a DNA-based method (barcode mapping) produce an arthropod-community dataset from 121 Malaise-trap samples, combine it 29 remote-imagery layers using deep neural net in joint distribution model. With this approach, we maps for 76 across 225 km 2 temperate-zone forested landscape. visualize fine-scale spatial distributions richness, composition, site irreplaceability. Old-growth forests show distinct composition higher stream courses have highest site-irreplaceability values. ‘sideways biodiversity modelling’ method, demonstrate feasibility mapping at sufficient resolution inform local management choices, while also being efficient enough scale up thousands square kilometres. article is part theme issue ‘Towards toolkit global insect monitoring’.

Язык: Английский

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The phylogeny of California, and how it informs setting multispecies conservation priorities

Journal of Heredity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 113(6), С. 597 - 603

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Abstract Incorporating measures of taxonomic diversity into research and management plans has long been a tenet conservation science. Increasingly, active programs are turning toward multispecies landscape regional actions, away from single species approaches. This is both reflection changing trends in science advances foundational technologies, including genomics geospatial Multispecies approaches may provide more fundamental insights evolutionary processes equip managers with holistic understanding the landscapes under their jurisdiction. Central to this approach data generation analyses which embrace reflect broad range diversity. Here, we examine family-level phylogenetic breadth California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP) based on (PD), distinctness, family richness. We place context present compare it 35-plus years genetic compiled CaliPopGen Database. found that PD CCGP reflected very well, slightly overrepresenting chordates underrepresenting arthropods, 42% represented new contributions for state. In one focused effort, was able achieve roughly half studied over last several decades. To maximize PD, future work should focus conclusion likely reflects overall lack attention hyperdiverse clade.

Язык: Английский

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Achieving conservation targets by jointly addressing climate change and biodiversity loss

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Abstract Unprecedented rates of climate change and biodiversity loss have galvanized efforts to expand protected areas (PAs) globally. However, limited spatial overlap between the most important landscapes for mitigating those with highest value may impede simultaneously address both issues through new protections. At same time, there is a need understand how lands high conservation align existing patterns land management, public private, which will inform strategies developing areas. To these challenges, we developed three composite indices identify across conterminous United States (CONUS) Alaska, drawing on suite key ecological environmental indicators. Two characterize addressing (based accessibility, stability, total carbon storage) species richness, integrity, connectivity), while third, combined index addresses challenges. We found that PAs in relatively low lands, regardless used (10%–13% CONUS, 27%–34% Alaska), suggesting effectiveness current protections but substantial opportunity expanding into high‐value, unprotected In landscapes, generally diverged from identified as protecting (22%–38% overlap, depending geography). Our reconciled trade‐offs (66%–72%). Of by each our indices, ≥70% are privately managed 16%–27% underscoring engage private landowners trusts substantially increase footprint States. findings highlight importance balancing objectives when identifying provide guidance where target goals. facilitate planning using an interactive web application.

Язык: Английский

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Native bee habitat restoration: key ecological considerations from recent North American literature

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

Habitat loss is a primary driver of global biodiversity decline, negatively impacting many species, including native bees. One approach to counteract the consequences habitat through restoration, which includes transformation degraded or damaged habitats increase biodiversity. In this review, we survey bee restoration literature over last 14 years provide insights into how best promote diversity and abundance natural landscapes in North America. We highlight relevant questions concepts consider throughout various stages projects, categorizing them pre-, during-, post-restoration stages. emphasize importance planning species- site-specific strategies support bees, providing floral non-floral resources increasing nest site availability. Lastly, underscore significance conducting evaluations long-term monitoring following efforts. By identifying effective methods, success indicators, areas for future research, our review presents comprehensive framework that can guide land managers during urgent time restoration.

Язык: Английский

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Four challenges to an effective national nature assessment

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(5)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

Comprehensive biodiversity assessments play an essential role in strengthening global and national conservation strategies. The recently announced first U.S. National Nature Assessment (NNA) provides unparalleled opportunity to comprehensively review status trends of at all levels. This broad context can help the coordination actions conserve individual species ecosystems. scientific that informed Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted 2022 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) conference parties provide models for synthesizing information multiple levels biodiversity, including decline abundance distribution species, loss populations genetic diversity, degradation ecosystems their services. then relate these data drivers pathways mitigation. NNA augment such analyses avoid pitfalls encountered by previous efforts ensuring policy-relevant design, accessibility, inclusivity process product incorporating spatial relevant subnational audiences. Although United States is not formally a CBD party, effective should take full advantage indicators meeting independent mechanism supports periodic stocktaking ratcheting up ambition response identified shortfalls stemming loss. challenges design assessment are globally as nations develop reporting support new framework's targets. By considering diverse ways which society values benefits from nature, bridge gap between research practice communicate extent crisis public, fostering broad-based transformative change humanity's relationship natural world.Cuatro obstáculos para una eficaz evaluación nacional de la naturaleza Resumen Las evaluaciones completas biodiversidad tienen un papel esencial en el fortalecimiento las estrategias conservación y mundial. La recién anunciada Evaluación Nacional Naturaleza (ENN) los EE. UU. proporciona oportunidad sin precedentes revisar manera completa estado tendencias todos niveles. Este contexto generalizado puede ayudar coordinación acciones especies individuales ecosistemas. científicas que guiaron Marco Mundial Biodiversidad Kumming-Montreal adoptado conferencia partes Convención sobre Diversidad Biológica proporcionan modelos sintetizar información varios niveles, incluyendo declinación abundancia distribución especies, pérdida poblaciones diversidad genética degradación ecosistemas sus servicios. Después esto, relacionan estas con causantes maneras mitigarla. ENN pueden aumentar estos análisis mundiales evitar dificultades enfrentadas por esfuerzos previos al garantizar diseño relevante políticas, disponibilidad datos inclusión proceso producto también mediante incorporación espaciales relevantes público subnacional. Aunque no son parte formal CBD, efectiva debería aprovechar lleno incluir indicadores adoptados reunión e incorporar mecanismo independiente revisión respalde balance periódico aumento ambición respuesta deficiencias detectadas contención biodiversidad. Los retos diseñar estadunidense nivel mundial ya países evalúan reportan mantener objetivos post-2020. Si consideramos diferentes sociedad valora se beneficia naturaleza, dichas cerrar brecha entre investigación práctica comunicarle biodiversidad, lo fomenta apoyo transformar relación humanidad mundo natural.【摘要】全面的生物多样性评估在加强全球和国家保护战略方面发挥着重要作用。最近宣布的第一项美国国家自然评估提供了独特的机会来全面评估生物多样性在各个层次的现状和趋势。这一广泛背景有助于协调保护单个物种和生态系统的行动。 年《生物多样性公约》缔约国会议上通过的《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》的科学评估为综合生物多样性多个层次的趋势信息提供了模型, 包括物种丰度下降、分布减少、种群和遗传多样性丧失, 以及生态系统及其服务的退化和丧失。这些评估可以将变化趋势与生物多样性丧失的驱动因素和减缓丧失的途径的数据联系起来。美国国家自然评估可以通过确保与政策相关的设计、数据存取可及性、过程和产物的包容性, 并纳入与国家和地区受众相关的空间数据, 来改善此类全球分析, 避开美国以往保护工作遇到的陷阱。虽然美国不是《生物多样性公约》的正式缔约国, 但有效的国家自然评估应该充分利用全球背景, 包括 年会议上通过的指标, 并建立独立的审查机制以支持定期的生物多样性评估, 同时逐渐提升目标以应对在遏制生物多样性丧失中存在的不足。随着各国都在发展评估和报告机制来支持2020年后全球生物多样性目标, 美国设计有效评估所面临的挑战也与全球相关。通过考虑和整合社会对自然的价值观以及从自然中获益的不同方式, 该评估可以帮助弥补研究和保护实践之间的差距, 向公众传达生物多样性的危机程度, 以及推动对人与自然关系转型变革的广泛支持。【翻译:胡怡思;审校:聂永刚】.

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Chapter 22 : Southeast. Fifth National Climate Assessment

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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