Drivers of gut microbiome variation within and between groups of a wild Malagasy primate

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2022

Various aspects of sociality can benefit individuals' health. The host social environment and its relative contributions to the host-microbiome relationship have emerged as key topics in microbial research. Yet, understanding mechanisms that lead structural variation microbiome, collective metacommunity an animal's network, remains difficult since multiple processes operate simultaneously within among animal networks. Here, we examined potential drivers convergence gut microbiome on scales seven neighbouring groups wild Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) - a folivorous primate Madagascar. Over four field seasons, collected 519 faecal samples 41 animals determined communities via 16S 18S rRNA gene amplicon analyses. First, whether group members share more similar microbiota if diet, home range overlap, or habitat similarity drive between-group communities, accounting for seasonality. Next, within-group by examining effects contact rates, male rank, maternal relatedness. To explore intrinsic community structure, investigated age, sex, glucocorticoid metabolites, female reproductive state. We found differ alpha diversity, while none environmental predictors explained patterns variation. Maternal relatedness played important role homogeneity may also explain why adult shared least microbiota. Also, dominant males differed their bacterial composition from mates, which might be driven rank-related differences physiology scent-marking behaviours. Links state, metabolites were not detected. Environmental factors define general set-up population-specific microbiota, but stronger impact this species. Video abstract.

Язык: Английский

---

Impact of intraspecific variation in insect microbiomes on host phenotype and evolution

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(11), С. 1798 - 1807

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023

Abstract Microbes can be an important source of phenotypic plasticity in insects. Insect physiology, behaviour, and ecology are influenced by individual variation the microbial communities held within insect gut, reproductive organs, bacteriome, other tissues. It is becoming increasingly clear how microbiome for fitness, expansion into novel ecological niches, environments. These investigations have garnered heightened interest recently, yet a comprehensive understanding intraspecific assembly function these insect-associated shape insects still lacking. Most research focuses on core associated with species ignores variation. We argue that among driver evolution, we provide examples showing such influence fitness health insects, invasions, their persistence new environments, responses to global environmental changes.

Язык: Английский

---

Landscape connectivity for the invisibles

Ecography, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022(8)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2022

Because of land use changes, a worldwide decrease in biodiversity is underway, mostly driven by habitat degradation and fragmentation. Increasing landscape connectivity (i.e. the degree to which facilitates movement between patches) has been proposed as key landscape‐level strategy counterbalance negative effects A robust theoretical methodological framework developed for concept connectivity, an increasing body empirical evidence supports relevance biodiversity. However, was built ignoring species that represent dominant proportion on earth: microorganisms. The extent existing conceptual frameworks can be applied microorganisms remain unknown. We reviewed analyzed methods test influence included all types microorganisms, from symbiotic pathogenic free‐living across ecosystems. describe effect microorganism populations communities, identify limitations large gaps current knowledge. Microorganisms differ macroorganisms their response due short (distance less than meter) dispersal distance some groups, longer time lag (possibly accompanied evolutionary processes) host association. latter relies tight interactions feedback drive microbial‐landscape relationships lead possible coadaptation processes. Incorporating microbial community assembly rules preserve diversity communities ecosystem services they provide could crucial step forward face pressing global changes.

Язык: Английский

---

Consequences of symbiont co‐infections for insect host phenotypes

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 87(2), С. 478 - 488

Опубликована: Май 25, 2017

Most animals host communities of symbiotic bacteria. In insects, these symbionts may have particularly intimate interactions with their hosts: many are intracellular and can play important roles in ecology evolution, including protection against natural enemies. We investigated how between different species or strains endosymbiotic bacteria within an aphid influence the outcome symbiosis for both symbiont host. first asked whether combinations facultative exist stable co-infections. then benefits that confer on hosts (protection enemies) enhanced, reduced unaltered by presence a co-infecting symbiont. this phenotypes fungal pathogens vs. parasitoid wasps) overlapping functions. Finally, we additional survival costs to aphids carrying multiple infections strains, compared titres double single infections. found co-infections were possible all (Regiella insecticola + Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella Rickettsiella sp., Spiroplasma sp.) (Hamiltonella) studied. Where provided enemies, no alteration was observed same enemy, level corresponded higher two present. some instances, suffered when hosting case Hamiltonella, however, infection led lower than infections, actually improved survival. conclude long-term maintenance is likely be determined primarily instances redundancy benefits.

Язык: Английский

---

Metacommunity theory for transmission of heritable symbionts within insect communities

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(3), С. 1703 - 1721

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2019

Abstract Microbial organisms are ubiquitous in nature and often form communities closely associated with their host, referred to as the microbiome. The microbiome has strong influence on species interactions, but studies rarely take interactions between hosts into account, network interaction consider microbiomes. Here, we propose use metacommunity theory a framework unify research microbiomes host by considering insects microbes discretely defined “communities of communities” linked dispersal (transmission) through biotic interactions. We provide an overview effects heritable symbiotic bacteria insect how those subsequently thereby altering community. suggest multiple scenarios for integrating ecology demonstrate ways which employ parameterize models symbiont transmission quantitatively assess processes host‐associated microbial systems. Successfully incorporating microbiota community‐level is crucial step understanding importance

Язык: Английский

---

Ontogeny, species identity, and environment dominate microbiome dynamics in wild populations of kissing bugs (Triatominae)

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2020

Kissing bugs (Triatominae) are blood-feeding insects best known as the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent Chagas' disease. Considering high epidemiological relevance these vectors, their biology and bacterial symbiosis remains surprisingly understudied. While previous investigations revealed generally low individual complexity but among-individual variability triatomine microbiomes, any consistent microbiome determinants have not yet been identified across multiple Triatominae species. To obtain a more comprehensive view we investigated host-microbiome relationship five Triatoma species sampled from white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) nests in locations USA. We applied optimised 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding with novel 18S blocking primer to set 170 T. cruzi-negative individuals all six instars. Triatomine gut composition is strongly influenced by three principal factors: ontogeny, identity, environment. The microbiomes characterised significant loss diversity throughout ontogenetic development. First instars possess highest while adult routinely dominated single taxon. Primarily, genus Dietzia dominates late-stage nymphs adults rubida, protracta, lecticularia present phylogenetically distant gerstaeckeri sanguisuga. Species-specific composition, particularly pronounced early instars, further modulated locality-specific effects. In addition, pathogenic bacteria Bartonella, acquired vertebrate hosts, an abundant component microbiomes. Our study first demonstrate deterministic patterns among life stages hypothesise that assemblages produced species- stage-dependent uptake environmental indirect transmission strategies promote transfer between individuals. Altogether, our highlights warrant investigation understand function important vectors. Video abstract.

Язык: Английский

---

Host neighborhood shapes bacterial community assembly and specialization on tree species across a latitudinal gradient

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 91(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2020

Abstract Phyllosphere bacterial diversity is shaped through interactions between hosts and microbes. Most studies having focused on pairwise associations host taxa their symbionts, little yet understood about the influence of community as a whole in shaping these interactions. Envisioning phyllosphere communities spatially structured network linked by dispersal (i.e., metacommunities) can help us better understand relative importance species sorting among populations versus from neighboring for assembly forest ecosystems. Here we investigate drivers metacommunity structure epiphytic bacteria 33 tree distributed across large‐scale transition deciduous to boreal forest. We expect identity traits play an important role determining composition. further hypothesize that will modulate match focal its microbiota, shape opportunities specialization at local regional scales. defined level phylogenetic similarity symbiont associates with. found taxonomic were turnover variation landscape. Dispersal played homogenizing communities. The microbiota such sugar maple was thus increasingly similar along Specialization positively correlated with abundance this landscape, revealing context evolutionary relationships hosts. These results overall suggest dominant members may be constraining particularly range limits. also demonstrate considering host‐associated microbial part metacommunities within landscape promising tool improving our understanding host‐symbiont matching.

Язык: Английский

---

Evolutionary ecology of dispersal in biodiverse spatially structured systems: what is old and what is new?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 379(1907)

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Dispersal is a well-recognized driver of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, simultaneously an evolving trait. evolution has traditionally been studied in single-species metapopulations so that it remains unclear how dispersal evolves metacommunities metafoodwebs, which are characterized by multitude species interactions. Since most natural systems both species-rich spatially structured, this knowledge gap should be bridged. Here, we discuss whether from ecology established holds metafoodwebs highlight generally valid fundamental principles. Most biotic interactions form the backdrop to theatre for play because mediate patterns fitness expectations across space time. While allows simple transposition certain known principles multispecies context, other drivers may require more complex transpositions, or might not transferred. We important quantitative modulator evolution—increased trait dimensionality biodiverse meta-systems—and additional driver: co-dispersal. speculate scale selection pressure mismatches owing co-dispersal, together with increased dimensionality, lead slower ‘diffuse’ meta-systems. Open questions potential consequences terms call investigation. This article part theme issue 'Diversity-dependence dispersal: interspecific determine spatial dynamics'.

Язык: Английский

---

Insect–microbe interactions and their influence on organisms and ecosystems

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Microorganisms are important associates of insect and arthropod species. Insect‐associated microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, can drastically impact host physiology, ecology, fitness, while many microbes still have no known role. Over the past decade, we increased our knowledge taxonomic composition functional roles insect‐associated microbiomes viromes. There has been a more recent shift toward examining complexity microbial communities, how they vary in response to different factors (e.g., genome, strain, environment, time), consequences this variation for wider ecological community. We provide an overview insect–microbe interactions, variety associated functions, evolutionary ecology these relationships. explore influence environment interactive effects insects their across trophic levels. Additionally, discuss potential subsequent synergistic reciprocal impacts on microbiomes, communities. Lastly, some avenues future insect‐microbe interactions that include modification existing symbionts as well construction synthetic

Язык: Английский

---

Reconstitution and Transmission of Gut Microbiomes and Their Genes between Generations

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 70 - 70

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2021

Microbiomes are transmitted between generations by a variety of different vertical and/or horizontal modes, including vegetative reproduction (vertical), via female germ cells coprophagy and regurgitation (vertical horizontal), physical contact starting at birth breast-feeding the environment (horizontal). Analyses transmission can result in false negatives (failure to detect rare microbes) positives (strain variants). In humans, offspring receive most their initial gut microbiota vertically from mothers during birth, close contact. Horizontal is common marine organisms involves selectivity determining which environmental microbes colonize organism's microbiome. The following arguments put forth concerning accurate microbial transmission: First, may be functions, not necessarily species; second, as transmission; third, detection techniques fail microbes; lastly, microbiomes develop reach maturity with hosts. spite great variation means discussed this paper, functions transferred one generation holobionts next fidelity. This provides strong basis for each holobiont considered unique biological entity level selection evolution, largely maintaining uniqueness conserving species next.

Язык: Английский

---