Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 105, С. 102935 - 102935
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020
Язык: Английский
Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 35(9), С. 1869 - 1885
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021
Abstract The use of functional diversity analyses in ecology has grown exponentially over the past two decades, broadening our understanding biological and its change across space time. Virtually all ecological sub‐disciplines recognise critical value looking at species communities from a perspective, this led to proliferation methods for estimating contrasting dimensions diversity. Differences between these their development generated terminological inconsistencies confusion about selection most appropriate approach addressing any particular question, hampering potential comparative studies, simulation exercises meta‐analyses. Two general mathematical frameworks are prevailing: those based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, dendrograms) relying multidimensional spaces, constructed as either convex hulls or probabilistic hypervolumes. We review frameworks, discuss strengths weaknesses provide an overview main R packages performing calculations. In parallel, we propose way organising metrics unified scheme quantify richness, divergence regularity individuals under each framework. This offers roadmap confidently approaching both theoretically practically. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within Supporting Information article.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
213
Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(8), С. 986 - 995
Опубликована: Май 29, 2020
Abstract The use of n ‐dimensional hypervolumes in trait‐based ecology is rapidly increasing. By representing the functional space a species or community as Hutchinsonian niche, abstract Euclidean defined by set independent axes corresponding to individuals traits, these multidimensional techniques show great potential for advance theory. In panorama existing methods delineating spaces, r package hypervolume ( Global Ecology and Biogeography , 23, 2014, 595–609) currently most used. However, functions calculating standard diversity (FD) indices—richness, divergence regularity—have not been developed within framework yet. This gap delaying its full exploitation ecology, meanwhile preventing possibility compare performance with that other methods. We develop calculate FD indices based on hypervolumes, including alpha (richness), beta (and respective components), dispersion, evenness, contribution originality. Altogether, provide coherent explore primary mathematical components setting. These new can work either objects raw data (species presence abundance their traits) input data, are versatile terms parameters options. implemented bat (Biodiversity Assessment Tools), an biodiversity assessments. As corpus common algorithm, it opens fully strengths niche concept research.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
122
Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 16(7), С. 20200199 - 20200199
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2020
Analyses of morphological disparity have been used to characterize and investigate the evolution variation in anatomy, function ecology organisms since 1980s. While a diversity methods employed, it is unclear whether they provide equivalent insights. Here, we review most commonly approaches for characterizing analysing disparity, all which associated limitations that, if ignored, can lead misinterpretation. We propose best practice guidelines analyses, while noting that there be no ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach. The available tools should always context specific biological question will determine data method selection at every stage analysis.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
88
Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(14), С. 7261 - 7275
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020
Multidimensional analysis of traits are now common in ecology and evolution based on trait spaces which each dimension summarizes the observed combination (a morphospace or an ecospace). Observations interest will typically occupy a subset this space, researchers calculate one more measures to quantify how organisms inhabit that space. In macroevolution ecology, these called disparity dissimilarity metrics generalized as space occupancy measures. Researchers use investigate changes through time, relation other groups organisms, response global environmental changes. However, mathematical biological meaning most is vague with majority widely used lacking formal description. Here, we propose broad classification into three categories capture size, density, position. We study behavior 25 position simulated empirical datasets. find no measure describes all aspects but some better at capturing certain aspects. Our results confirm (size, position) allow us relate any phenomena. Because choice specific data question, introduced https://tguillerme.shinyapps.io/moms/moms, tool both visualize for measurement. https://tguillerme.shinyapps.io/moms/moms designed help workers choose right measures, given properties their question. By providing guidelines vocabulary analysis, hope bridging gap multidimensional research between evolution.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
80
Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(3), С. 598 - 610
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022
Abstract Understanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous traits extracted from museum collections 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian is unevenly distributed globally, even after controlling species richness, with exceptionally dense packing in hyper‐diverse tropical hotspots. At regional level, these areas also have high variance, exhibiting phenotypic diversity. Evolutionary history likely plays role shaping evolutionarily old contributing to niche expansion, young packing. Taken together, results imply tropics both ‘cradles’ ‘museums’
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
39
Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 620(7974), С. 589 - 594
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023
Dinosaurs and pterosaurs have remarkable diversity disparity through most of the Mesozoic Era1–3. Soon after their origins, these reptiles diversified into a number long-lived lineages, evolved unprecedented ecologies (for example, flying, large herbivorous forms) spread across Pangaea4,5. Recent discoveries dinosaur pterosaur precursors6–10 demonstrated that animals were also speciose widespread, but those precursors few if any well-preserved skulls, hands associated skeletons11,12. Here we present partial skeleton (Upper Triassic, Brazil) new lagerpetid Venetoraptor gassenae gen. et sp. nov. offers more comprehensive look skull ecology one precursors. Its has sharp, raptorial-like beak, preceding dinosaurs by around 80 million years, hand with long, trenchant claws firmly establishes loss obligatory quadrupedalism in precursor lineages. Combining anatomical information species other shows morphological resembles Triassic exceeds dinosaurs. Thus, 'success' was result differential survival among broader pool ecomorphological variation. Our results show ornithodirans started to flourish early-diverging lineages not only origins pterosaurs. A
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
26
Paleobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 14
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Abstract Mass extinctions are natural experiments on the short- and long-term consequences of pushing biotas past breaking points, often with lasting effects structure function biodiversity. General properties mass extinctions—exceptionally severe, taxonomically broad, global losses taxa—are starting to come into focus through comparisons among dimensions biodiversity, including morphological, functional, phylogenetic diversity. Notably, functional diversity tends persist despite severe taxonomic diversity, whereas taxic morphological may or not be coupled. One biggest challenges in synthesizing extracting general these events has been that they driven by multiple, interacting pressures, taxa their traits vary events, making it difficult link single stressors specific traits. Ongoing improvements stratigraphic resolution for multiple clades will sharpen tests selectivity help isolate hitchhiking effects, whereby organismal carried differential survival extinction owing other higher-level attributes, such as geographic-range size. Direct comparative analyses across also clarify impacts particular drivers taxa, traits, morphologies. It is just filter deserves attention, longer-term impact derives part from ensuing rebounds. More work needed uncover biotic abiotic circumstances spur some re-diversification while relegating others marginal shares Combined insights filters rebounds bring a macroevolutionary view approaching biodiversity crisis Anthropocene, helping pinpoint clades, groups, morphologies most vulnerable failed
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 49(3), С. 265 - 291
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022
Abstract Evolvability is best addressed from a multi-level, macroevolutionary perspective through comparative approach that tests for among-clade differences in phenotypic diversification response to an opportunity, such as encountered after mass extinction, entering new adaptive zone, or geographic area. Analyzing the dynamics of clades under similar environmental conditions can (partially) factor out shared external drivers recognize intrinsic evolvability, aiming analog common-garden experiment. Analyses will be most powerful when integrating neontological and paleontological data: determining among extant populations hypothesized generate large-scale, long-term contrasts evolvability clades; observing large-scale clade histories by reflect genetics development observed directly populations. However, many analyses informative on their own, explored this overview. Differences clade-level visualized diversity-disparity plots, which quantify positive negative departures productivity stochastic expectations scaled taxonomic diversification. Factors evidently promote include modularity—when selection aligns with modular structure morphological integration patterns; pronounced ontogenetic changes morphology, allometry multiphase life cycles; genome size; variety evolutionary novelties, also evaluated using lags between acquisition trait diversification, dead-clade-walking patterns may signal loss extrinsic factors excluded. High speciation rates indirectly foster vice versa. Mechanisms are controversial, but higher Cambrian, possibly early history at other times; tropics; and, marine organisms, shallow-water disturbed habitats.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
28
The Anatomical Record, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 307(4), С. 1315 - 1365
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024
Abstract Allokotosauria, a clade of non‐archosauriform archosauromorphs with broad diversity body plans, plays crucial role in better understanding the evolutionary history early diverging stem‐archosaurs. Here we provide detailed redescription Malerisaurus robinsonae , malerisaurine allokotosaur from middle Carnian—lowermost Norian lower Maleri Formation, Pranhita‐Godavari Basin, India. The new anatomical information available recently discovered and well‐preserved skeletons various allokotosaurs, such as A zendohsaurus madagaskarensis Shringasaurus indicus Puercosuchus traverorum ‐like taxa, their comparison enriches our anatomy this species. To reassess phylogenetic relationships revised its scorings included eight additional allokotosaurian species to already most comprehensive dataset focused on Permo‐Triassic archosauromorphs. We modified 70 for analysis recovered at base Malerisaurinae group earliest branch Azendohsauridae. Pamelaria dolichotrachela is found non‐malerisaurine azendohsaurid sister taxon + Azendohsaurus spp. clade. Trilophosaurid interrelationships are well resolved, Teraterpeton hrynewichorum Coelodontognathus ricovi Rutiotomodon tytthos successive earliest‐branching position Anisodontosaurus greeri Variodens inopinatus bolsters long ghost lineages Late Triassic trilophosaurid record. disparity tooth crown morphology shows that Allokotosauria disparate archosauromorph clade, exploring almost complete range basic morphologies. Trilophosaurids occupy an area dental morphospace unique among
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6
Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(5), С. 1250 - 1264
Опубликована: Март 31, 2024
Abstract Independent origins of similar phenotypes are ubiquitous to the evolutionary process and evoke strong recurrent environmental associations. Snakelike lizards evolved multiple times often portrayed as limb‐reduced body‐elongated outcomes from shared selection associated with fossoriality. However, a refined evaluation including specific head traits subtle differences in subterranean microhabitats unveils some degree uniqueness even among lineages traditionally interpreted phenotypically similar. Here, we address regimes fossorial accounting for burrowing substrate emphasizing shape addition body limbs. We assembled an ecomorphological database comprising 213 species all major lizard clades, then characterized contemporary morphological diversity modelled phenotypic evolution test hypothesis that fossoriality encompasses at least two distinct regimes. identified groups within lizards: moist‐soil dry‐soil fossorial. Both towards adaptive optima concerning limb size. Despite uniqueness, these also share patterns traits. Dry‐soil present less variation than fossorial, possibly due combination sets selective pressures ancestry. Our study provides evidence often‐interpreted general regime (e.g. fossoriality) may fact comprise enough ecological functional elicit several associations despite overall convergence Read free Plain Language Summary this article on Journal blog.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
6