The Dynamic Ontogenetic Shape Patterns of Adaptive Divergence and Sexual Dimorphism

Evolutionary Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(2), С. 170 - 180

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2023

Abstract The interplay between ecological diversification and sexual dimorphism has been largely overlooked in the literature. Sexually dimorphic species which are also undergoing adaptive radiations ideal for filling this knowledge gap. Arctic charr lake Thingvallavatn is one such system: it a sexually recently diverged along benthic-limnetic axis. In long-running common-garden experiment we studied shape variation throughout ontogeny of intra- inter- morph crosses benthic limnetic from lake. We found that differences ecomorphs sexes had genetic component. Prior to onset maturation, were attributable cross type related adaptations niches, i.e., shorter lower jaws rounder snouts evenly protruding pointier limnetic. Reciprocal hybrids showed intermediate, transgressive and/or maternal morphologies. However, after maturation larger morphological occurred than among types. Taken together, our results demonstrate complex dynamic ontogeny, long-term common garden experiments immensely valuable studying dynamics different evolutionary scenarios.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity in the internal functional feeding elements of sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(5), С. e0300359 - e0300359

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

The diversity of functional feeding anatomy is particularly impressive in fishes and correlates with various interspecific ecological specializations. Intraspecific polymorphism can manifest divergent morphology ecology, often along a benthic–pelagic axis. Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) freshwater salmonid known for morphological variation sympatric Lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland, four morphs coexist that differ preferred prey, behaviour, habitat use, external morphology. We studied six upper lower jaw bones adults these using geometric morphometrics univariate statistics. tested allometric differences bone size shape among morphs, morph effects on shape, divergence the benthic-pelagic also examined degree integration between pairs. found pelagic benthic two (dentary premaxilla). There was clear axis (dentary, articular-angular, premaxilla maxilla), as well dentary. Notably dentary, explained more than size. Comparatively, possess compact taller shorter dentary palate, consistent visible (but less prominent) As emerged last 10,000 years, results indicate rapid evolution specific structures arctic charr. This sets stage studies genetics development parallel craniofacial evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Complex and Dynamic Gene‐by‐Age and Gene‐by‐Environment Interactions Underlie Functional Morphological Variation in Adaptive Divergence in Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Evolution & Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

ABSTRACT The evolution of adaptive phenotypic divergence requires heritable genetic variation. However, it is underappreciated that trait heritability molded by developmental processes interacting with the environment. We hypothesized architecture divergent functional traits was dependent on age and foraging Thus, we induced plasticity in full‐sib families Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) morphs from two Icelandic lakes mimicking prey variation wild. characterized body shape size at ages investigated their quantitative locus (QTL) analysis. Age had a greater effect than diet most families, suggesting development strongly influences available for selection. Consistent our hypothesis, multiple QTL were detected all location depended diet. Many genome‐wide located within subset duplicated chromosomal regions ancestral whole genome duplication events have played role control morphological species. Moreover, detection after controlling effects provides additional evidence plastic response to environmental involved are complex interactions

Язык: Английский

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Diversity in the internal functional feeding elements of sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Abstract The diversity of functional feeding anatomy is particularly impressive in fishes and correlates with various interspecific ecological specializations. Intraspecific polymorphism can manifest divergent morphology ecology, often along a benthic–pelagic axis. Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) freshwater salmonid known for morphological variation sympatric Lake Þingvallavatn, Iceland, four morphs coexist that differ preferred prey, behaviour, habitat use, external morphology. We studied six upper lower jaw bones adults these using geometric morphometrics univariate statistics. tested allometric differences bone size shape among morphs, morph effects on shape, divergence the benthic-pelagic also examined degree integration between pairs. found pelagic benthic two (dentary premaxilla). There was clear axis (dentary, articular-angular, premaxilla maxilla), as well dentary. Notably dentary, explained more than size. Comparatively, possess compact taller shorter dentary palate, consistent visible (but less prominent) As emerged last 10,000 years, results indicate rapid evolution specific structures arctic charr. This sets stage studies genetics development parallel craniofacial evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Multivariate analysis of morphology, behaviour, growth and developmental timing in hybrids brings new insights into the divergence of sympatric Arctic charr morphs

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2021

Studying the development of fitness related traits in hybrids from populations diverging sympatry is a fundamental approach to understand processes speciation. However, such are often affected by covariance structures that complicate comprehension these processes, especially because interactive relationships between different nature (e.g. morphology, behaviour, life-history) remain largely unknown this context. In common garden setup, we conducted an extensive examination large suit putatively involved divergence two morphs Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and investigated consequences potential patterns trait on phenotype their hybrids. These were measured along ontogeny growth, yolk sac resorption, developmental timing (hatching onset exogeneous feeding), head morphology feeding behaviour.Growth trajectories provided strongest signal phenotypic charr. Strikingly, first-generation did not show intermediate nor delayed growth but similar smallest morph, suggesting parental biases inheritance patterns. observe multivariate differences Growth was linked (suggesting morphological variations early juveniles relate simple allometric effects) only strong observed all traits. Furthermore, report evidence for overall variance morphs, enhanced variability hybrids.Our study shed light aspect context adaptive divergence. The lack integration most into single structure suggested constraints may always favour impede toward ecological niches differing numerous physical variables, as respective habitats Likewise, role hybridization disruptive agent necessarily be significant evolution undergoing resource polymorphism.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptive Divergence and Radiations: Insights From Evo-Devo

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Cryptic persistence and loss of local endemism in Lake Constance charr subject to anthropogenic disturbance

Ecological Applications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 33(2)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022

In the welcome circumstance that species believed extinct are rediscovered, it is often case biological knowledge acquired before presumed extinction limited. Efforts to address these gaps, in particular assess taxonomic integrity and conservation status of such species, can be hampered by a lack genetic data scarcity samples museum collections. Here, we present proof-of-concept study based on multidisciplinary evaluation approach tackle problems. The was developed after rediscovery, 40 years its extinction, enigmatic Lake Constance deep-water charr Salvelinus profundus. Targeted surveys led capture further additional sympatric normal charr, cf. umbla. Since lake had been subject massive stocking past, an both extant forms called for order possible introgression. A two-step genomic restriction site associated DNA (RAD). Diagnostic population (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]) were harvested from contemporary used RNA bait design perform target libraries archival scale material, enabling comparison between historic samples. Furthermore, life history traits morphological gathered compared with historical past 60-120 years. While matched specimens body shape, gill raker count, growth rates, significant differences discovered charr. These resulted supported analyses samples, revealing two highly divergent. results assignment tests suggest endemic persisted during eutrophic phase, but not one could assigned taxon. Stocking non-endemic seems most likely reason changes. This presents simultaneously addresses some issues arising rediscovery characterized limited availability.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic basis of body shape variation along the benthic-pelagic axis in cichlid fishes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2021

ABSTRACT Divergence along the benthic-pelagic axis is one of most widespread and repeated patterns morphological variation in fishes, producing body shape diversity associated with ecology swimming mechanics. This ecological shift also first stage explosive adaptive radiation cichlid fishes East African Rift Lakes. We use two hybrid crosses cichlids ( Metriaclima sp. x Aulonocara Labidochromis Labeotropheus sp., >975 animals total) ecomorphological to determine genetic basis diversification. Using a series both linear geometric measurements, we identify 55 quantitative trait loci (QTL) that underlie various aspects divergence. These QTL are spread throughout genome, each explain 3.0-7.2% phenotypic variation, largely modular. Further, distinct between these Lake Malawi compared previously identified for such as sticklebacks. find controlled by many genes small effects. In all, convergent benthic pelagic phenotypes commonly observed across fish clades likely due molecular mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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