Experimental warming altered plant functional traits and their coordination in a permafrost ecosystem

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 240(5), С. 1802 - 1816

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Knowledge about changes in plant functional traits is valuable for the mechanistic understanding of warming effects on ecosystem functions. However, observations have tended to focus aboveground traits, and there little information belowground or coordination above- under climate warming, particularly permafrost ecosystems. Based a 7-yr field experiment, we measured 26 four dominant species, explored community composition trait networks response experimental Tibetan Plateau. Experimental shifted community-level toward more acquisitive values, with earlier green-up, greater height, larger leaves, higher photosynthetic resource-use efficiency, thinner roots, specific root length nutrient concentrations. had negligible effect terms diversity. In addition, hub which highest centrality network from area leaf area. These results demonstrate that exhibit consistent adaptive strategies, warmer environments. Such could provide an advantage plants environmental change.

Язык: Английский

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Bootstrapping outperforms community‐weighted approaches for estimating the shapes of phenotypic distributions

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(10), С. 2592 - 2610

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023

Abstract Estimating phenotypic distributions of populations and communities is central to many questions in ecology evolution. These can be characterized by their moments (mean, variance, skewness kurtosis) or diversity metrics (e.g. functional richness). Typically, such are calculated using community‐weighted approaches abundance‐weighted mean). We propose an alternative bootstrapping approach that allows flexibility trait sampling explicit incorporation intraspecific variation, show this significantly improves estimation while allowing us quantify uncertainty. assess the performance different for estimating across various scenarios, taxa datasets comparing estimates derived from simulated samples with true values full datasets. Simulations differ intensity (individuals per species), biases (abundance, size), data source (local vs. global) method (two types community‐weighting, two bootstrapping). introduce traitstrap R package, which contains a modular extensible set weighted‐averaging functions use community composition estimate Importantly, first function workflow, trait_fill , user specify hierarchical structures plot within site, experiment control, species genus) assign each taxon sample. Across all taxa, simulations metrics, were more accurate less biased than approaches. With bootstrapping, sample size 9 measurements generally included mean 95% CI. It reduced average percent errors 26%–74% relative community‐weighting. Random outperformed both size‐ abundance‐biased sampling. Our results suggest randomly ~9 individuals unit species, covering analysing nonparametric enable reliable inference on distributions, including moments, communities. By providing better improve our ability link traits processes generate them effects ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Research needs on the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in drylands

npj Biodiversity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Research carried out in drylands over the last decade has provided major insights on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship (BEFr) and about how biodiversity interacts with other important factors, such as climate soil properties, to determine ecosystem services. Despite this, there are gaps our understanding of BEFr that should be addressed by future research. In this perspective we highlight some these gaps, which include: 1) need study bare soils devoid perennial vascular vegetation biocrusts, a feature dryland ecosystems, 2) evaluating intra-specific trait variability, key but understudied facet functional diversity, modulate BEFr, 3) addressing influence biotic interactions including plant-animal those between microorganisms associated 4) studying differences species-area relationships beta diversity functioning, 5) considering role temporal variability human activities, both present past, particularly linked land use (e.g., grazing) urbanization. Tackling will not only advance comprehension also bolster effectiveness management ecological restoration strategies, crucial for safeguarding ecosystems livelihoods their inhabitants.

Язык: Английский

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Increases in functional diversity of mountain plant communities is mainly driven by species turnover under climate change

Oikos, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2023(11)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2023

Warming in mountain regions is projected to be three times faster than the global average. Pronounced climate change will likely lead species reshuffling plant communities and consequently ecosystem resilience functioning. Yet, little known about role of inter‐ versus intraspecific changes traits their consequences for functional richness evenness under change. We performed a downslope translocation experiment intact plant‐soil mesocosms from an alpine pasture subalpine grassland Swiss Austrian Alps simulate abrupt shift removal dispersal barriers. Translocated experienced warmer dryer climatic conditions. found considerable resource conservative acquisitive leaf‐economy two scenarios. However, shifts were mainly attributable turnover, namely colonization by novel lowland with trait expressions wider range use. also increase vegetative height warmed drought‐affected community, while plasticity warming drought was limited few graminoid community. Our results highlight contrast between strong competitive potential quickly occupying available niche space native species' lack both variability needed drought. This particularly important trailing many (i.e. zone) where upward moving are becoming more abundant abiotic stressors become frequent near future. study emphasizes communities' vulnerability climates biotic interactions highlights as winners Keywords: grassland, diversity, invasion, traitspace,

Язык: Английский

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Flowering time responses to warming drive reproductive fitness in a changing Arctic

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims The Arctic is warming at an alarming rate, leading to earlier spring conditions plant phenology. It often unclear what degree changes in reproductive fitness (flower, fruit seed production) are a direct response versus indirect through shifting aim of this study was quantify the relative importance these pathways project net effects on phenology under current future climate scenarios. Methods We used two long-term datasets 12 tundra species Canadian as part International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Phenology were recorded annually tagged individual plants both Daring Lake, Northwest Territories (64° 52' N, - 111° 35' W) Alexandra Fiord, Nunavut (78° 49' 75° 48' W). encompassed wide taxonomic diversity across range functional types with circumpolar/boreal distributions. hierarchical Bayesian structural equation models compare species, sites years. Key Results found that warming, experimental ambient, drove flowering which led higher numbers flowers fruits produced, reflecting directional phenotypic selection for Furthermore, effect mediated generally about three times stronger than fitness. Under predictions, showed ~2- 4.5-fold increase their (flower counts) advanced Conclusions Our results suggest that, average, benefits early flowering, such increased development time subsequent enhanced fitness, might outweigh its risks. Overall, work provides important insights into population-level consequences phenological shifts over multi-decadal scales.

Язык: Английский

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Soil microenvironmental variation drives below‐ground trait variation and interacts with macroclimate to structure above‐ground trait variation of arctic shrubs

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(4), С. 901 - 916

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

Abstract Intraspecific trait variation can influence plant performance in different environments and may thereby determine the ability of individual plants to respond climate change. However, our understanding its patterns environmental drivers across spatial scales is incomplete, especially understudied regions like Arctic. To fill this knowledge gap, we examined above‐ground below‐ground traits from three shrub taxa expanding tundra biome evaluated their relationships with multiple microenvironmental macroclimatic factors. The reflected size structure (plant height, leaf area root shoot ratio), economics (specific area, nitrogen content), collaboration mycorrhizal fungi length, tissue density, content, ectomycorrhizal colonisation intensity). We also measured δ 15 N 13 C characterise source acquisition pathways water stress. Traits were replicated plots ( = 135) varying soil microclimate, thaw depth organic layer thickness established five sites spanning a macroclimate gradient northern Alaska. This hierarchical design allowed us disentangle independent combined effects fine‐scale broad‐scale factors on intraspecific variation. found substantial at fine for most less along between taxa. Consistent these patterns, factors, mainly moisture depth, interacted macroclimate, climatic deficit, size‐structural In contrast, responded additively macroclimate. Synthesis . Our results demonstrate that differently These differing responses contribute decouple

Язык: Английский

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Soil microbial community responses to long-term experimental warming in an alpine Dryas octopetala heath in Norway

Applied Soil Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 200, С. 105430 - 105430

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Over the last century, high-altitude and high-latitude regions have experienced global warming at rates higher than worldwide average. Climate change influences complex soil-microbe-plant-atmosphere interactions, leading to changes in plant-associated soil microbial diversity functioning alterations nutrient cycling, carbon fluxes, storage. This study analyzed how two decades of simulated by open-top chambers (OTCs) affected bacterial fungal communities an alpine dwarf-shrub heath dominated Dryas octopetala Norway. We collected samples from 10 OTCs control plots compared their physicochemical properties, biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, community composition. Warming did not significantly affect despite tendency reduce alpha increase degree specialisation. In contrast, composition, which was ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycota. While there no significant effect on total diversity, a shift saprotrophic Ascomycota taxa observed between warmed plots. Their positive correlations with oxidative enzymes biomass suggest that long-term might lead activity enzymes, promoting decomposition more recalcitrant biopolymers. may result CO2 flux into atmosphere decrease ecosystem C

Язык: Английский

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Restoring forest ecosystem services through trait-based ecology

Environmental Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(4), С. 498 - 524

Опубликована: Май 11, 2024

Restoration is moving towards a more mechanistic approach that emphasizes restoration of ecosystem services. Trait-based approaches provide links between species identity and functions have been suggested as promising way to formally integrate services in the design programs. While practitioners routinely using informal knowledge on plant traits their practices, these are underutilized operationalization remains challenging. The goal this paper guidance for applied scientists looking apply trait-based restore forest ecosystems. We present five-step framework: (1) selection be restored, (2) trait selection, (3) data acquisition, (4) analytical planning, (5) empirical testing monitoring. use three Canadian case studies illustrate applicability our framework variety ways can inform practices: urban woodlots after an insect outbreak, smelter-damaged landscape surrounding area, reclamation remote upland forests oil- gas-related disturbances. describe major mechanisms determine vegetation effects importance each study. then discuss availability, methodological constraints, comparability issues, methods, monitoring ensure realistic prediction service restoration. By outlining issues offering practical information, we aim contribute robust ecological

Язык: Английский

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Long‐Term Alpine Plant Responses to Global Change Drivers Depend on Functional Traits

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024

Forecasting plant responses under global change is a critical but challenging endeavour. Despite seemingly idiosyncratic of species to change, greater generalisation 'winners' and 'losers' may emerge from considering how functional traits influence these scale the community level. Here, we synthesised six long-term experiments combined with locally measured traits. We quantified in abundance probability establishment through time for 70 alpine then assessed if leaf stature were predictive across nitrogen addition, snow addition warming treatments. Overall, found that plants more resource-acquisitive trait strategies increased each factor was related different strategies. Nitrogen favoured lower nitrogen, cheaply constructed leaves showed few consistent trends. Community-weighted mean changes values response often species-specific effects on establishment, reflecting part dominant species. Together, results highlight can differ by interest.

Язык: Английский

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Phenotypic plasticity and integration synergistically enhance plant adaptability to flooding and nitrogen stresses

Plant and Soil, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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