COVID-19 and our understanding of vitamin D and immune function

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 249, С. 106710 - 106710

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

The interaction between vitamin D and the immune system is perhaps most well recognised extraskeletal facet of D, encompassing early studies therapy for TB leprosy through to more recent links with autoimmune disease. However, spotlight on function has been particularly intense in last five years following COVID-19 pandemic. This was due, part, many association status infection disease prognosis, as smaller number clinical trials supplementation. a potential role also stemmed from basic biology that provides plausible mechanistic rationale beneficial effects improved health setting respiratory infection. aim this review summarise different strands evidence supporting effect COVID-19, how modified during pandemic itself, new aspects are likely arise near future. Key topics feature are: antibacterial versus antiviral innate responses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)2D); 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) activity metabolism 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) beyond antigen-presenting cells; advances cell target gene (notably changes metabolic profile). Whilst much interest era focused public health, continued evolution our understanding interacts components continues support health.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of complement C3 levels on the development of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care patients: a retrospective case-control study

Annals of Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 57(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2025

The immune system serves as a critical line of defence against pathogenic microorganisms. To investigate the impact markers, measured within first 48 h intensive care unit (ICU) admission, on incidence healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in ICU patients. This case-control study included 364 patients admitted from 1 January 2020 to 30 November 2023, receiving marker testing admission. Cox proportional hazard models and propensity score matching evaluated markers' association with HAIs risk. Log-rank tests compared time-to-event by C3 levels. All data processing analysis were performed using R version 4.2.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) Python 3.11 (Python Software Foundation, Wilmington, DE). In total, 258 without (mean [SD] age, 67.24 [17.79] years) 106 73.80 [14.93] final analysis. group had older longer hospital stay, lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, higher rate comorbid than non-HAIs group. Also, proportion basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes T suppressor cells (CD3 + CD8+), while neutrophils B (CD19+) was lower. After regression adjustment, we found that complement levels (HR: 0.40; 95%CI, 0.16-0.98; p = .044) influenced HAIs. Patients then divided into high low groups based cut-off value 0.455 C3. A plot showed median time occurrence nine days six (p .048). Elevated may associat reduced

Язык: Английский

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Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae lipoprotein Mhp390 serves as a plasminogen receptor mediating extracellular matrix degradation and respiratory epithelial cells injury

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

The destruction of the respiratory barrier caused by Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae plays a pivotal role in facilitating secondary infections other pathogens. However, pathogenesis M. breaching to establish infection remains largely elusive. In this study, Mhp390 encoded invasion tract barrier, including extracellular matrix and tracheal epithelial cells, were investigated through Transwell assay. Our finding indicated that may exploit host fibrinolytic system via accumulate activated plasmin outside its membrane, thereby progression infection. Furthermore, key functional domains within involved interaction with plasminogen determined using truncated mutation techniques. Collectively, these findings will enhance our understanding mechanism underlying providing new theoretical basis for development novel vaccines effective control strategies against

Язык: Английский

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Immune-mediated renal injury in diabetic kidney disease: from mechanisms to therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2025

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is now recognized as a multifactorial disorder, driven by the interplay of metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and immune-mediated renal injury. This review comprehensively synthesizes recent advancements in understanding immune dysregulation central driver DKD pathogenesis, integrating molecular mechanisms with emerging therapeutic strategies. Innate activation, which includes macrophage polarization adaptive perturbations, exacerbates glomerulosclerosis interstitial fibrosis through cytokine storms mitochondrial oxidative stress. Despite clinical guidelines emphasizing glycemic control renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition, their limited efficacy halting tubular atrophy highlights unmet need for targeted immunotherapies. By connecting mechanistic discoveries to translation, this work establishes roadmap development immune-centric therapies. Its critical synthesis multi-omics data, trial evidence, preclinical models bridges gap between laboratory bedside applications, laying groundwork redefining treatable immune-metabolic disorder.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding complement: Novel disease insights and therapeutic horizons

European Journal of Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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