Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(20), С. 7645 - 7665

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), a large class of chemicals that includes high production volume substances, have been used for decades as antimicrobials, preservatives, and antistatic agents other functions in cleaning, disinfecting, personal care products, durable consumer goods. QAC use has accelerated response to the COVID-19 pandemic banning 19 antimicrobials from several products by US Food Drug Administration 2016. Studies conducted before after onset indicate increased human exposure QACs. Environmental releases these also increased. Emerging information on adverse environmental health impacts QACs is motivating reconsideration risks benefits across life cycle their production, use, disposal. This work presents critical review literature scientific perspective developed multidisciplinary, multi-institutional team authors academia, governmental, nonprofit organizations. The evaluates currently available ecological profile identifies multiple areas potential concern. Adverse effects include acute chronic toxicity susceptible aquatic organisms, with concentrations some approaching levels Suspected or known outcomes dermal respiratory effects, developmental reproductive toxicity, disruption metabolic function such lipid homeostasis, impairment mitochondrial function. QACs' role antimicrobial resistance demonstrated. In regulatory system, how managed depends it used, example pesticides products. can result same receiving different degrees scrutiny depending agency regulating it. Further, Protection Agency's current method grouping based structure, first proposed 1988, insufficient address wide range chemistries, toxicities, scenarios. Consequently, exposures common mixtures sources remain largely unassessed. Some restrictions implemented elsewhere, primarily focused Assessing posed hampered vast structural diversity lack quantitative data majority compounds. important gaps provides research policy recommendations preserving utility chemistries while seeking limit effects.

Язык: Английский

---

Patterns of pharmaceuticals use during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Athens, Greece as revealed by wastewater-based epidemiology

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 798, С. 149014 - 149014

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 on wastewater treatment

Journal of Water Process Engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 42, С. 102193 - 102193

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Suspect screening of wastewaters to trace anti-COVID-19 drugs: Potential adverse effects on aquatic environment

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 824, С. 153756 - 153756

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Mass trends of parabens, triclocarban and triclosan in Arizona wastewater collected after the 2017 FDA ban on antimicrobials and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Water Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 222, С. 118894 - 118894

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic in the context of the human and the environment

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 834, С. 155317 - 155317

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

From 2019, life in the world has mainly been determined by successive waves of COVID-19 epidemic. During this time, virus structure, action, short- and long-term effects infection were discovered, treatments developed. This epidemic undoubtedly affected people's lives, but increasing attention is also being paid to on environment. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-analyses) guidelines, a global scoping review peer-reviewed information conducted use over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treatment symptoms SARS-CoV-2 infections their positive negative human body, (NSAIDs) aquatic organisms, adverse non-target organisms. The literature from 1998 2021 was analysed using Scopus®, Web Science™ (WoS) Google Scholar databases. As place heavy burden environment, all reports presence these environment during pandemic period have thoroughly analysed. Of 70 records within scope, only 14% (n = 10) focussed analysis concentrations wastewater surface waters period. percentage works indicates that it still an open topic, issue should be supplemented with further which results obtained pandemic, going several years, will published. authors hope inspire scientists investigate problem protect them next generation.

Язык: Английский

---

Microplastics and other emerging contaminants in the environment after COVID-19 pandemic: The need of global reconnaissance studies

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33, С. 100468 - 100468

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Occurrence, effects, and ecological risks of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants: A review

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5, С. 62 - 78

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

In response to the novel coronavirus referred as severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – a virus that causes COVID-19 disease has led wide use of sanitizers and disinfectants. This, in turn, triggered concerns on their potential deleterious effects human health environment due numerous chemicals incorporated both product categories. Here, current state science regarding occurrence ecological different classes these products (e.g., ultraviolent filters, fragrances, etc.) are summarized natural rivers) engineered wastewater treatment plants) systems. Data collected literature suggests disinfectants present environment, large portion toxic fish, algae, daphnia. Using risk quotient approach based data, we found eight posed highest aquatic organisms freshwater systems were benzalkonium chloride, 4-chloro-m-cresol, sodium ortho phenyl phenate, hydrogen peroxide, 1, 2-propanediol, 4-Methyl-benzilidine-camphor, ethylhexyl methoxy cinnamate, octocrylene. Considering limited information for most chemicals, further studies environmental monitoring consequences long-term exposure ecosystems recommended.

Язык: Английский

---

Comprehensive micropollutant characterization of wastewater during Covid-19 crisis in 2020: Suspect screening and environmental risk prioritization strategy

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 873, С. 162281 - 162281

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023

Micropollutants monitoring in wastewater can serve as a picture of what is consuming society and how it impact the aquatic environment. In this work, suspect screening approach was used to detect known unknown contaminants samples collected from two treatment plants (WWTPs) located Basque Country (Crispijana Alava, Galindo Vizcaya) during weekly sampling campaigns, which included months April July 2020, part confinement period caused by COVID-19. To that aim, high-resolution mass spectrometry collect full-scan data-dependent tandem spectra water using database containing >40,000 chemical substances. The presence > 80 confirmed (level 1) quantified both WWTP samples, while at least 47 compounds were tentatively identified (2a). Among concern, an increase occurrence some for COVID-19 disease treatment, such lopinavir hydroxychloroquine, observed lockdown. A prioritization strategy environmental risk assessment carried out considering only effluents Crispijana WWTPs. scored based on removal efficiency, estimated persistency, bioconcentration factor, mobility, toxicity potential frequency detection samples. With approach, 33 (e.g. amantadine, clozapine or lopinavir) found be considered key analyzed their concentration, toxicity. Additionally, antimicrobial (RQ-AR) antiviral (EDRP) certain evaluated, where ciprofloxacin fluconazole represented medium antibiotic resistance (1 RQ-AR 0.1) ecosystems. Regarding mixture toxicity, computed sum toxic unit values different (> suggest interactions between need future assessments.

Язык: Английский

---

Occurrence of emerging contaminants in three river basins impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluents: Spatio-seasonal patterns and environmental risk assessment

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 946, С. 174062 - 174062

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

The concern on the fate and distribution of contaminants emerging (CECs) is a burning topic due to their persistence potential harmful effects. Particularly, antibiotics have received great attention implications in antimicrobial resistance occurrence. impact wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) remarkable, being one main pathways for introduction CECs into aquatic systems. combination novel analytical methodologies risk assessment strategies promising tool find out environmentally relevant compounds posing major concerns freshwater ecosystems impacted by those effluents. Within this context, multi-target approach was applied three Spanish river basins affected different WWTP treated effluents spatio-temporal monitoring chemical status. Solid phase extraction followed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography were used quantification large panel (n = 270), including pharmaceuticals other consumer products, pesticides industrial chemicals. To end, water samples collected four sampling campaigns at locations each basin: (i) upstream from WWTPs; (ii) effluent discharge points (effluent outfall); (iii) downstream WWTPs (500 m downriver outfall). Likewise, 24-h composite provided all periods. First occurrence these assessed. Diverse seasonal trends observed depending group compounds, though COVID-19 outbreak variations certain pharmaceuticals. Detection frequencies concentrations generally exceeded measured low or non-quantifiable. Finally, risks associated with maximum contamination levels evaluated using two approaches account antibiotic selection as well. From studied 89 evidenced environmental least occasion study.

Язык: Английский

---