Environment International,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
184, С. 108446 - 108446
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024
Benzalkyldimethylammonium
(BACs),
dialkyldimethylammonium
(DDACs),
and
alkyltrimethylammonium
compounds
(ATMACs)
are
quaternary
ammonium
(QACs)
used
widely
as
biocides,
disinfectants,
sanitizers.
Owing
to
their
toxicity,
human
exposure
this
class
of
chemicals
is
a
concern.
Pet
animals
sentinels
several
indoor
environmental
chemicals.
For
the
first
time,
we
measured
7
BACs,
6
DDACs,
ATMAC,
8
metabolites
BACs
in
urine
feces
pet
dogs
cats
from
New
York
State,
USA.
We
found
widespread
occurrence
QACs
feces,
with
median
concentration
∑All
(sum
all
27
analytes)
at
9680
1260
ng/g
dry
weight
(dw)
dog
cat
respectively.
were
most
abundant
among
four
types
QACs,
accounting
for
64
%
57
respectively,
followed
by
DDACs
(33
34
%,
respectively),
ATMACs
(4
9
BAC
(0.2
0.3
respectively).
However,
urine,
only
ω-carboxylic
acid
concentrations
2.08
0.28
ng/mL
cats,
Samples
collected
animal
shelters
contained
elevated
levels
than
those
homes
owners.
A
significant
positive
correlation
was
analyzed,
which
suggested
usage
these
combination
mixtures.
Based
on
through
reverse
dosimetry
approach,
cumulative
daily
intakes
(CDIs)
estimated
be
49.4
4.75
µg/kg
body
(BW)/day
This
study
provides
evidence
that
exposed
warrant
more
attention.
Sustainable Food Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2(5), С. 1297 - 1364
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
demand
for
sustainable
food
packaging
solutions
has
escalated
in
response
to
growing
environmental
concerns
and
consumer
preferences
eco-friendly
products.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
918, С. 170568 - 170568
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024
Among
personal
care
products,
quaternium-15
is
prominently
featured
as
a
preservative
in
items
such
shampoos,
soaps,
shaving
and
cosmetics.
The
widespread
use
of
these
products
people's
daily
routines
contributes
to
release
into
aquatic
ecosystems.
In
this
context,
the
primary
aim
study
was
assess
physiological
cellular
responses
digestive
gland
gills
Mytilus
galloprovincialis
exposure.
Cell
viability
ability
cells
regulate
their
volume
were
evaluated.
Additionally,
expression
genes
involved
oxidative
stress
response
assessed
further
substantiate
compound's
harmful
effects.
Results
indicated
significant
decrease
both
RVD
(regulatory
decrease)
capacity
when
exposed
hypotonic
solution.
Furthermore,
impairment
cell
function
corroborated
by
modulation
stress-related
gene
expression,
including
SOD,
Cat,
well
Hsp70
CYP4Y1.
Similar
alterations
observed
gills,
reflecting
impaired
functionality
vital
organ
well.
summary,
outcomes
provide
conclusive
evidence
toxicity
quaternium-15.
This
underscores
urgent
need
investigate
toxicological
effects
contaminant
on
ecosystems
emphasises
necessity
limiting
containing
Advanced Materials Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(17)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract
Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs)
are
well‐known
for
their
antimicrobial
properties,
but
widespread
use
is
limited
due
to
suboptimal
efficiency
and
safety
concerns.
Recent
progress
in
materials
science
has
paved
the
way
development
of
QAC‐based
composites
(QACCs).
QACCs
with
diverse
compositions
have
shown
enhanced
effectiveness
biosafety
various
applications,
such
as
food
packaging,
capacitive
deionization,
household
antimicrobials.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
summary
synthesis
approaches
different
types
QACCs.
Moreover,
this
examines
taking
underlying
structure‐activity
relationship
into
consideration.
In
addition,
perspectives
presented
on
remaining
challenges
future
research
directions
further
It
expected
that
will
provide
valuable
reference
design
next
generation
QACC‐based
agents.
Carbohydrate Polymers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
342, С. 122389 - 122389
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
The
paper
reports
new
hydrogels
based
on
quaternary
ammonium
salts
of
chitosan
designed
as
biocidal
products.
derivative
was
crosslinked
with
salicylaldehyde
via
reversible
imine
bonds
and
supramolecular
self-assemble
to
give
dynamic
which
respond
environmental
stimuli.
crosslinking
mechanism
demonstrated
by
1H
NMR
FTIR
spectroscopy,
X-ray
diffraction
polarized
light
microscopy.
hydrogel
nature,
self-healing
thixotropy
were
proved
rheological
investigation
visual
observation,
their
morphology
assessed
scanning
electron
relevant
properties
for
application
products,
such
swelling,
dissolution,
bioadhesiveness,
antimicrobial
activity
ex-vivo
hemocompatibility
in
vivo
local
toxicity
biocompatibility
experimental
mice
measured
analyzed
relationship
the
imination
degree
influence
each
component.
It
found
that
are
superabsorbent,
have
good
adhesivity
skin
various
surfaces
against
gram-positive
gram-negative
bacteria,
while
being
hemocompatible
biocompatible.
Besides,
easily
biodegraded
soil.
All
these
recommend
studied
ecofriendly
agents
living
tissues
surfaces,
but
also
open
perspectives
use
platform
applications
tissue
engineering,
wound
healing,
or
drug
delivery
systems.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(14), С. 6236 - 6249
Опубликована: Март 27, 2024
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
led
to
significantly
increased
human
exposure
the
widely
used
disinfectants
quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs).
Xenobiotic
metabolism
serves
a
critical
role
in
clearance
of
environmental
molecules,
yet
limited
data
are
available
on
routes
QAC
or
metabolite
levels
humans.
To
address
this
gap
and
advance
biomonitoring
capabilities,
we
analyzed
19
commonly
QACs
their
phase
I
metabolites
by
liquid
chromatography–ion
mobility–tandem
mass
spectrometry
(LC–IM–MS/MS).
In
vitro
generation
liver
microsomes
produced
series
oxidized
metabolites,
with
generally
occurring
alkyl
chain
group,
as
supported
MS/MS
fragmentation.
Discernible
trends
were
observed
gas-phase
IM
behavior
which,
despite
mass,
displayed
smaller
collision
cross-section
(CCS)
values
than
those
respective
parent
compounds.
We
then
constructed
multidimensional
reference
SQLite
database
consisting
m/z,
CCS,
retention
time
(rt),
spectra
for
81
metabolites.
Using
database,
confidently
identified
13
35
de-identified
fecal
samples.
This
is
first
study
integrate
biosynthesis
LC–IM–MS/MS
simultaneous
monitoring
