Scientists' warning on invasive alien species

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 95(6), С. 1511 - 1534

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Язык: Английский

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Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 775, С. 145238 - 145238

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2021

Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns trends costs aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution these taxa, geographic regions cost types; (ii) temporal dynamics costs; (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on recorded from existing literature, conservatively summed US$345 billion, with majority attributed invertebrates (62%), followed vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest were reported North America (48%) Asia (13%), principally result resource damages (74%); only 6% management. magnitude number highest United States for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries known had no costs, Africa Asia. Accordingly, network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate reporting. Aquatic have increased recent decades several orders magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented IAS; 5% species, despite 26% invaders being aquatic. Additionally, 1% invasion marine species. thus substantial, underreported. over time expected continue rising future invasions. We urge improved reporting managers, practitioners researchers reduce gaps. Few proactive investments; management spending is urgently needed prevent limit current damages.

Язык: Английский

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Mapping human pressures on biodiversity across the planet uncovers anthropogenic threat complexes

People and Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(2), С. 380 - 394

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2020

Abstract Climate change and other anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity are unequally distributed across the world. Overlap in distributions different have important implications for attribution potential interactive effects. However, spatial relationships among whether they differ between terrestrial marine realm has yet to be examined. We compiled global gridded datasets on climate change, land‐use, resource exploitation, pollution, alien species human population density. used multivariate statistics examine characterize typical combinations experienced by regions found stronger positive correlations than realm, leading areas with high intensities multiple land. tended negatively correlated (e.g. tundra boreal forest but low use pollution), whereas opposite was true Indo‐Pacific fishing). show that world can defined Anthropogenic Threat Complexes (ATCs), distinguished sets varying intensities. identify 11 ATCs test hypotheses about patterns ecosystem especially joint effects drivers. Our analysis highlights broad conservation priorities needed mitigate impacts emerging land ocean, parts

Язык: Английский

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Economic costs of biological invasions in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 806, С. 151318 - 151318

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2021

The United States has thousands of invasive species, representing a sizable, but unknown burden to the national economy. Given potential economic repercussions quantifying these costs is paramount importance both for economies and invasion management. Here, we used novel global database (InvaCost) quantify overall species in across spatiotemporal, taxonomic, socioeconomic scales. From 1960 2020, reported totaled $4.52 trillion (USD 2017). Considering only observed, highly reliable costs, this total cost reached $1.22 with an average annual $19.94 billion/year. These increased from $2.00 billion annually between 1969 $21.08 2010 2020. Most (73%) were related resource damages losses ($896.22 billion), as opposed management expenditures ($46.54 billion). Moreover, majority invaders terrestrial habitats ($643.51 billion, 53%) agriculture was most impacted sector ($509.55 taxonomic perspective, mammals ($234.71 billion) insects ($126.42 groups responsible greatest costs. apparent rising invasions, coupled increasing numbers current lack information known invaders, our findings provide critical policymakers managers.

Язык: Английский

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An overview of the history, current contributions and future outlook of iNaturalist in Australia

Wildlife Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 48(4), С. 289 - 303

Опубликована: Март 18, 2021

Citizen science initiatives and the data they produce are increasingly common in ecology, conservation biodiversity monitoring. Although quality of citizen has historically been questioned, biases can be detected corrected for, allowing these to become comparable professionally collected data. Consequently, is being integrated with professional science, collection at unprecedented spatial temporal scales. iNaturalist one most popular platforms globally, more than 1.4 million users having contributed over 54 observations. Australia top contributing nation southern hemisphere, four nations 1.6 observations 36 000 identified species by almost 27 users. Despite platform’s success, there few holistic syntheses contributions iNaturalist, especially for Australia. Here, we outline history from an Australian perspective, summarise, taxonomically, temporally spatially, platform. We conclude discussing important future directions maximise usefulness ecological research, policy.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Anthropogenic Plant Extinctions Differ in Biodiversity Hotspots and Coldspots

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(17), С. 2912 - 2918.e2

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Animal invaders threaten protected areas worldwide

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2020

Abstract Protected areas are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. However, alien species invasion is an increasing threat to biodiversity, and extent which protected worldwide resistant incursions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate establishment by 894 terrestrial animals from 11 taxonomic groups including vertebrates invertebrates across 199,957 at global scale. We find that <10% home any animals, but there least one established population within 10-100 km boundaries 89%-99% areas, while >95% environmentally suitable for establishment. Higher richness observed in IUCN category-II national parks supposedly with stricter protection, larger higher human footprint more recent designation. Our results demonstrate provide important protection biological invasions, invasions may become increasingly dominant problem near future.

Язык: Английский

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Invasive Species and Amphibian Conservation

Herpetologica, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 76(2), С. 216 - 216

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2020

The recognition that invasive alien species (IAS) are among the greatest threats to biodiversity has stimulated a growing interest in their impacts on native amphibians. Here we describe multifaceted consequences of biological invasions amphibians and identify potential mechanisms strategies could better enable long-term persistence species. IAS can influence amphibian fitness, population size, community structure via multiple pathways exert major, direct through predation, competition, hybridization. indirect impacts, too, such as habitat alteration spread emerging diseases, be particularly severe populations. Native may respond by modulating aspects behavior, morphology, or life history. Nevertheless, it is still unclear extent which phenotypic plasticity rapid evolution help withstand invaded communities. Practical management focused prevention, monitoring, early control most effective approaches allay should prioritized proactive conservation plans. Eradications mitigation approaches, become established, feasible greatly improve status

Язык: Английский

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Are the “100 of the world’s worst” invasive species also the costliest?

Biological Invasions, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(7), С. 1895 - 1904

Опубликована: Май 29, 2021

Abstract Biological invasions are increasing worldwide, damaging ecosystems and socioeconomic sectors. Two decades ago, the “100 of world’s worst” invasive alien species list was established by IUCN to improve communications , identifying particularly ‘flagship’ invaders globally (hereafter, worst ). Whilst this has bolstered invader awareness, whether especially economically how they compare other ) remain unknown. Here, we quantify invasion costs using most comprehensive global database compiling them (InvaCost). We these between against sectorial, taxonomic regional descriptors, examine temporal cost trends. Only 60 100 had considered as highly reliable actually observed estimates (median: US$ 43 million). On average, were significantly higher than 463 recorded in InvaCost 0.53 million), although some species. Damages environment from dominated, whereas largely impacted agriculture. Disproportionately highest incurred North America, whilst more evenly distributed for species; animal always costliest. Proportional management expenditures low species, surprisingly, over twice Temporally, increased taxa; however, spending remained very both groups. Nonetheless, since 40 no robust and/or reported costs, “true” “some ” still remains

Язык: Английский

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Identifying economic costs and knowledge gaps of invasive aquatic crustaceans

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 813, С. 152325 - 152325

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2021

Despite voluminous literature identifying the impacts of invasive species, summaries monetary costs for some taxonomic groups remain limited. Invasive alien crustaceans often have profound on recipient ecosystems, but there may be great unknowns related to their economic costs. Using InvaCost database, we quantify and analyse reported associated with globally across taxonomic, spatial, temporal descriptors. Specifically, prominent aquatic - crayfish, crabs, amphipods, lobsters. Between 2000 2020, crayfish caused US$ 120.5 million in costs; vast majority (99%) being attributed representatives Astacidae Cambaridae. Crayfish-related were unevenly distributed countries, a strong bias towards European economies (US$ 116.4 million; mainly due signal Sweden), followed by from North America Asia. The also largely predicted or extrapolated, thus not based empirical observations. these limitations, increased considerably over past two decades, averaging 5.7 per year. crabs 150.2 since 1960 ratios again uneven (57% 42% Europe). Damage-related dominated both (80%) (99%), management lacking even more under-reported. Reported amphipods 178.8 thousand) lobsters 44.6 lower, suggesting lack effort reporting effects that are non-monetised. well-known damage crustaceans, identify data limitations prevent full accounting groups, while highlighting increasing at several scales available literature. Further cost reports needed better assess true magnitude crustaceans.

Язык: Английский

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