Phenological and elevational shifts of plants, animals and fungi under climate change in the European Alps

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 96(5), С. 1816 - 1835

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021

Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services irreplaceable socio-economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at rate about 0.36°C decade-1 since 1970, leading to glacier retreat significant snowpack reduction. Due these rapid environmental changes, this mountainous region is undergoing marked changes in spring phenology elevational distribution animals, plants fungi. Long-term monitoring Alps offers an excellent natural laboratory synthetize climate-related for large array taxonomic groups. This review assesses climatic that have occurred across during recent decades, phenological upslope shifts plants, animals fungi from evidence published papers previously unpublished data. Our provides been shifting earlier past four decades ranges show upwards trend most groups which there sufficient The first observed activity reptiles terrestrial insects (e.g. butterflies) shifted significantly earlier, average -5.7 -6.0 days , respectively. By contrast, semi-aquatic dragonflies damselflies) amphibians, as well singing or laying dates resident birds, smaller non-significant trends ranging -1.0 +1.3 . Leaf-out flowering woody herbaceous showed intermediate with mean values -2.4 -2.8 Regarding species distribution, (N = 2133 species) elevation maximum abundance (optimum elevation) similar pace (on between +18 +25 m ) but substantial differences among taxa. For example, optimum upward by +36.2 +32.7 whereas it was estimated range +11 insects, ferns, birds wood-decaying upper limit (leading edge) also clearly higher (from +47 +91 than +17 +40 ), except (-4.7 ). Although regional land-use could partly explain some trends, consistent shift found almost all taxa over likely reflecting strong warming receding snow cover taken place decades. However, possible exception organisms seems currently too slow track isotherm induced climate warming, +62 +71 1970. light results, interactions change multiple trophic levels through spatial mismatches. nascent research field deserves greater attention allow us anticipate structural functional better level.

Язык: Английский

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Scientists' warning of threats to mountains

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 853, С. 158611 - 158611

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms, detection and impacts of species redistributions under climate change

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(5), С. 351 - 368

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(3), С. 405 - 413

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2023

Abstract High-elevation ecosystems are among the few worldwide that not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards fill climatic niches and respond ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether how quickly these changes happening has only been assessed in a isolated cases. Starting 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of plant distributions along mountain roads 11 regions from 5 continents. We show over 5- 10-year period, number increased on average approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction magnitude upper limit shifts depended elevation all Supported null-model approach accounting for chance alone, found greater than upward at lower/mid elevations least seven After dependence, significant were detected further three (revealing evidence 10 regions). Together, our results environments becoming increasingly exposed biological invasions, emphasizing need monitor prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging high-elevation ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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The challenge of novel abiotic conditions for species undergoing climate‐induced range shifts

Ecography, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(11), С. 1571 - 1590

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2020

Coincident with recent global warming, species have shifted their geographic distributions to cooler environments, generally by moving along thermal axes higher latitudes, elevations or deeper waters. While these shifts allow organisms track niche, three also covary non‐climatic abiotic factors that could pose challenges range‐shifting plants and animals. Such novel conditions present an unappreciated pitfall for researchers – from both empirical predictive viewpoints who study the redistribution of under climate change. Climate, particularly temperature, is often assumed be primary factor in limiting distributions, decades biology research made correlative mechanistic understanding temperature most accessible commonly used response any factor. Receiving far less attention, however, gradients oxygen, light, pressure, pH water availability latitude, elevation, and/or ocean depth, show strong physiological behavioral adaptations variables within historic ranges. Here, we discuss how may disrupt climate‐driven range shifts, as well variety use overcome conditions, emphasizing which taxa limited this capacity. We highlight need scientists extend incorporate non‐climatic, create a more ecologically relevant animals interact environment, face demonstrate additional can integrated into change better inform expectations provide recommendations addressing challenge predicting future environments.

Язык: Английский

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High elevation insect communities face shifting ecological and evolutionary landscapes

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 41, С. 1 - 6

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Climate‐driven range shifts of montane species vary with elevation

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(4), С. 784 - 794

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2021

Abstract Aim In response to warming, species are shifting their ranges towards higher elevations. These elevational range shifts have been documented in a variety of taxonomic groups across latitude. However, the rate and direction warming vary, potentially as consequence variation traits elevation. Specifically, diurnal seasonal climates often more variable at elevations, which results high‐elevation that broader thermal physiologies relative low‐elevation species. High‐elevation generalists might not need move far track niche specialists. We investigated whether rates varied systematically with increasing elevation taxa regions. Location Sixteen montane regions world‐wide. Time period 1850–2013. Taxon Nine hundred eighty‐seven plants animals. Methods gathered published data on from 20 transect studies comparing historical recent distributions examined how changed we performed meta‐analysis calculate pooled effect shifts. Results found show negative relationship such moved upslope farther than same transect. This finding was primarily result upper limits. also 28% shifted downslope against predictions, but did Main conclusions Idiosyncratic will significantly alter ecological communities, home some greatest biodiversity Earth. Our demonstrate vary be differences along gradients.

Язык: Английский

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Insects in high‐elevation streams: Life in extreme environments imperiled by climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(12), С. 6667 - 6684

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2020

Abstract Climate change is altering conditions in high‐elevation streams worldwide, with largely unknown effects on resident communities of aquatic insects. Here, we review the challenges climate for insects and how they may respond, focusing current gaps knowledge. Understanding predicting future impacts will depend progress three areas. First, need better descriptions multivariate physical interactions among streams, which include low but rising temperatures, oxygen supply increasing demand, high exposure to ultraviolet radiation, ionic strength, variable shifting flow regimes. These factors are often studied isolation even though covary nature interact space time. Second, a mechanistic understanding drive performance individual Environment‐performance links mediated by physiology behavior, poorly known taxa. Third, define scope importance potential responses across levels biological organization. Short‐term defined tolerances individuals, their capacities perform adequately range conditions, behaviors used exploit local, fine‐scale variation abiotic factors. Longer term change, however, plasticity evolution populations. Whether can mitigate climatic risks via these pathways unknown.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change and elevational range shifts in insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 47, С. 111 - 118

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Bringing traits back into the equation: A roadmap to understand species redistribution

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Ecological and evolutionary theories have proposed that species traits should be important in mediating responses to contemporary climate change; yet, empirical evidence has so far provided mixed for the role of behavioral, life history, or ecological characteristics facilitating hindering range shifts. As such, utility trait‐based approaches predict redistribution under change been called into question. We develop perspective, supported by evidence, trait variation, if used carefully can high potential utility, but past analyses many cases failed identify an explanatory value not fully embracing complexity First, we discuss relevant theory linking shift processes at leading (expansion) trailing (contraction) edges distributions highlight need clarify mechanistic basis approaches. Second, provide a brief overview shift–trait studies new opportunities integration consider range‐specific intraspecific variability. Third, explore circumstances which environmental biotic context dependencies are likely affect our ability contribution processes. Finally, propose revealing shaping may require accounting methodological variation arising from estimation process as well addressing existing functional, geographical, phylogenetic biases. series considerations more effectively integrating extrinsic factors research. Together, these analytical promise stronger predictive understanding help society mitigate adapt effects on biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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