Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 152, С. 116 - 141

Опубликована: Март 8, 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic worldwide and is strongly associated with presence of oxidative stress. Disturbances in lipid metabolism lead to hepatic accumulation, which affects different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, NADPH oxidase. Mitochondrial function adapts NAFLD mainly through downregulation electron transport chain (ETC) preserved or enhanced capacity mitochondrial acid oxidation, stimulates ROS overproduction within ETC components upstream cytochrome c However, non-ETC sources ROS, particular, β-oxidation, appear produce more metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress oxidase alterations are also NAFLD, but degree their contribution remains unclear. Increased generation induces changes insulin sensitivity expression activity key enzymes involved metabolism. Moreover, interaction between redox signaling innate immune forms a complex network that regulates inflammatory responses. Based on mechanistic view described above, this review summarizes mechanisms may account for excessive production potential roles drive progression, therapeutic interventions related

Язык: Английский

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Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 79(2), С. 516 - 537

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Liver disease accounts for two million deaths annually and is responsible 4% of all (1 out every 25 worldwide); approximately two-thirds liver-related occur in men. Deaths are largely attributable to complications cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma, with acute hepatitis accounting a smaller proportion deaths. The most common causes worldwide related viral hepatitis, alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatotropic viruses the aetiological factor cases but drug-induced injury increasingly significant cases. This iteration global burden an update 2019 version focuses mainly on areas where new information available like alcohol-associated disease, carcinoma. We also devote separate section Africa, area world typically neglected such documents.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal Association Between Markers of Liver Injury and Mortality in COVID‐19 in China

Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 72(2), С. 389 - 398

Опубликована: Май 2, 2020

Background and Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a new infectious disease. To reveal the hepatic injury related to this its clinical significance, we conducted multicenter retrospective cohort study that included 5,771 adult patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia in Hubei Province. Approach Results We reported distributional temporal patterns of liver indicators these determined their associated factors death risk. Longitudinal function tests were retrospectively analyzed correlated risk death. Liver dynamic differed alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL). AST elevated first, followed by ALT, severe patients. ALP modestly increased during hospitalization largely remained normal range. The fluctuation TBIL levels was mild non‐severe groups. abnormality highest mortality compared other hospitalization. Common lymphocyte count decrease, neutrophil increase, male gender. Conclusion potential may provide an important explanation for COVID‐19‐associated injury. Because indicators, particularly AST, are strongly risk, our indicates parameters should be monitored

Язык: Английский

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Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Gastroenterology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 164(5), С. 766 - 782

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 studies and 1,201,807 persons

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 79(2), С. 287 - 295

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1), С. 73 - 91

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2020

Abstract Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty (NAFLD) are the two major types of chronic worldwide. Inflammatory processes play key roles in pathogeneses diseases, continuous inflammation promotes progression alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) (NASH). Although both ALD NAFLD closely related to inflammation, their respective developmental mechanisms differ some extent. Here, we review multiple immunological therapeutic targets associated with diseases differences ASH NASH. Multiple cell liver, including macrophages, neutrophils, other immune hepatocytes, involved inflammation. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), complement also contribute inflammatory process, as does intertissue crosstalk between intestine, adipose tissue, nervous system. We point out that plays important promoting repair controlling bacterial infections. Understanding complex regulatory process disrupted homeostasis during development may lead improved targeted intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 83 - 83

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2021

The largest surface of the human body exposed to external environment is gut. At this level, intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, liver barrier. A healthy characterized by selective permeability nutrients, metabolites, water, bacterial products, processes are governed cellular, neural, immune, hormonal factors. Disrupted (leaky syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity metabolically associated steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe morphological-functional features role major modifiers discuss recent evidence pointing key obesity/NAFLD.

Язык: Английский

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Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 suggests that metabolic risk factors are the leading drivers of the burden of ischemic heart disease

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 33(10), С. 1943 - 1956.e2

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Cordycepin Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Activation of the AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway

Hepatology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 74(2), С. 686 - 703

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become a major cause of transplantation and liver-associated death. NASH is the hepatic manifestation metabolic syndrome characterized by steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, different degrees fibrosis. However, there no US Food Drug Administration-approved medication to treat this devastating disease. Therapeutic activators AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been proposed as potential treatment for diseases such NASH. Cordycepin, natural product isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaris, recently emerged promising drug candidate diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Gut dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic implications

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022

The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing recently and has become one the most common clinical diseases. Since pathogenesis NAFLD not been completely elucidated, few effective therapeutic drugs are available. As “second genome” human body, gut microbiota plays an important role in digestion, absorption metabolism food drugs. Gut can act as driver to advance occurrence development NAFLD, accelerate its progression cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidence demonstrated that metabolites directly affect intestinal morphology immune response, resulting abnormal activation inflammation endotoxemia; dysbiosis also causes dysfunction gut-liver axis via alteration bile acid pathway. Because composition diversity disease-specific expression characteristics, holds strong promise novel biomarkers targets for NAFLD. Intervening microbiota, such antibiotic/probiotic treatment fecal transplantation, a strategy preventing treating In this article, we have reviewed emerging functions association bacterial components different stages discussed potential implications diagnosis therapy.

Язык: Английский

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