Liver International,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
43(6), С. 1170 - 1182
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023
Hepatocytic
ballooning
is
a
key
histological
feature
in
the
diagnosis
of
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH)
and
an
essential
component
two
most
widely
used
scoring
systems
for
diagnosing
staging
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
[namely,
NAFLD
activity
score
(NAS),
steatosis,
fibrosis
(SAF)
system].
As
result
increasing
incidence
NASH
globally,
diagnostic
challenges
hepatocytic
are
unprecedented.
Despite
clear
pathological
concept
ballooning,
there
still
assessing
'real
life'
situations.
can
be
confused
with
cellular
oedema
microvesicular
steatosis.
Significant
inter-observer
variability
does
exist
presence
severity
ballooning.
In
this
review
article,
we
describe
underlying
mechanisms
associated
Specifically,
discuss
increased
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
unfolded
protein
response,
as
well
rearrangement
intermediate
filament
cytoskeleton,
appearance
Mallory-Denk
bodies
activation
sonic
Hedgehog
pathway.
We
also
use
artificial
intelligence
detection
interpretation
which
may
provide
new
possibilities
future
treatment.
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(6), С. 824 - 824
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2022
Nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
recently
renamed
metabolic-associated
(MAFLD),
is
one
of
the
most
common
causes
diseases
worldwide.
NAFLD
growing
in
parallel
with
obesity
epidemic.
No
pharmacological
treatment
available
to
treat
NAFLD,
specifically.
The
reason
might
be
that
a
multi-factorial
an
incomplete
understanding
mechanisms
involved,
absence
accurate
and
inexpensive
imaging
tools,
lack
adequate
non-invasive
biomarkers.
consists
accumulation
excess
lipids
liver,
causing
lipotoxicity
progress
steatohepatitis
(NASH),
fibrosis,
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
for
pathogenesis
current
interventions
management
disease,
role
sirtuins
as
potential
targets
are
discussed
here.
In
addition,
diagnostic
non-coding
RNAs
emerging
biomarkers
summarized.
availability
biomarkers,
diagnosis
tools
crucial
detection
early
signs
progression
NAFLD.
This
will
expedite
clinical
trials
validation
therapeutic
treatments.
Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
78(2), С. 415 - 429
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2022
Fatty
liver
diseases
can
result
from
common
metabolic
diseases,
as
well
xenobiotic
exposure
and
excessive
alcohol
use,
all
of
which
have
been
shown
to
exert
toxic
effects
on
hepatic
mitochondrial
functionality
dynamics.
Invasive
or
complex
methodology
limits
large-scale
investigations
mitochondria
in
human
livers.
Nevertheless,
abnormal
function,
such
impaired
fatty
acid
oxidation
oxidative
phosphorylation,
drives
stress
has
identified
an
important
feature
steatohepatitis.
On
the
other
hand,
be
flexible
adapt
ambient
condition
prevent
triglyceride
lipotoxin
accumulation
obesity.
Experience
studies
xenobiotics
provided
insights
into
regulation
mitochondria.
Increasing
awareness
joint
presence
disease-related
(lipotoxic)
alcohol-related
further
highlights
need
better
understand
their
mutual
interaction
potentiation
disease
progression.
Recent
clinical
assessed
diets
bariatric
surgery
mitochondria,
are
also
evolving
interesting
therapeutic
target
non-alcoholic
disease.
This
review
summarises
current
knowledge
with
a
focus
linked
obesity,
type
2
diabetes
xenobiotics.
Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
78(5), С. 1048 - 1062
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023
Alongside
the
liver,
white
adipose
tissue
(WAT)
is
critical
in
regulating
systemic
energy
homeostasis.
Although
each
organ
has
its
specialised
functions,
they
must
work
coordinately
to
regulate
whole-body
metabolism.
Adipose
tissues
and
liver
are
relatively
resilient
can
adapt
an
surplus
by
facilitating
triglyceride
(TG)
storage
up
a
certain
threshold
level
without
significant
metabolic
disturbances.
However,
lipid
WAT
beyond
"personalised"
adiposity
becomes
dysfunctional,
leading
inflexibility,
progressive
inflammation,
aberrant
adipokine
secretion.
Moreover,
failure
of
store
mobilise
lipids
results
knock-on
overload,
particularly
liver.
Factors
contributing
hepatic
overload
include
released
from
WAT,
dietary
fat
intake,
enhanced
de
novo
lipogenesis.
In
contrast,
extrahepatic
mechanisms
counteracting
toxic
entail
coordinated
compensation
through
oxidation
fatty
acids
brown
as
TGs
WAT.
Failure
these
integrated
homeostatic
leads
quantitative
increases
qualitative
alterations
lipidome
Initially,
hepatocytes
preferentially
accumulate
TG
species
"benign"
non-alcoholic
with
time,
inflammatory
responses
ensue,
progressing
into
more
severe
conditions
such
steatohepatitis,
cirrhosis,
hepatocellular
carcinoma,
some
individuals
(often
early
prognostic
clue).
Herein,
we
highlight
pathogenic
importance
obesity-induced
"adipose
failure",
resulting
decreased
functionality
(i.e.
capacity
flexibility),
development
progression
NAFL/NASH.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(13), С. 7280 - 7280
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022
Nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
a
global
pandemic
that
affects
one-quarter
of
the
world’s
population.
NAFLD
includes
spectrum
progressive
from
steatosis
to
nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH),
fibrosis,
and
cirrhosis
can
be
complicated
by
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
It
strongly
associated
with
metabolic
syndromes,
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
it
has
been
shown
dysregulation
central
its
pathogenesis.
Recently,
suggested
metabolic-
(dysfunction)
(MAFLD)
more
appropriate
term
describe
than
NAFLD,
which
puts
increased
emphasis
on
important
role
dysfunction
in
There
strong
evidence
mitochondrial
plays
significant
development
progression
NAFLD.
Impaired
acid
oxidation
and,
recently,
reduction
quality,
have
play
major
progression.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
our
current
understanding
highlight
how
contributes
pathogenesis
both
animal
models
human
subjects.
Further
discuss
modification
function
modulates
targeting
mitochondria
promising
new
avenue
for
drug
treat
NAFLD/NASH.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(1)
Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023
Metabolic
dysfunction-associated
fatty
liver
disease
(MAFLD)
is
among
the
most
widespread
metabolic
globally,
and
its
associated
complications
including
insulin
resistance
diabetes
have
become
threatening
conditions
for
human
health.
Previous
studies
on
non-alcoholic
(NAFLD)
were
focused
liver's
lipid
metabolism.
However,
growing
evidence
suggests
that
mitochondrial
metabolism
involved
in
pathogenesis
of
NAFLD
to
varying
degrees
several
ways,
instance
cellular
division,
oxidative
stress,
autophagy,
quality
control.
Ultimately,
function
gradually
declines
as
a
result
dysfunction.
The
unable
transfer
excess
droplets
outside
liver.
Therefore,
how
regulate
hepatic
treat
has
focus
current
research.
This
review
provides
details
about
intrinsic
link
with
mechanisms
by
which
dysfunctions
contribute
progression.
Given
crucial
role
progression,
application
potential
multiple
improvement
modalities
(including
physical
exercise,
diabetic
medications,
small
molecule
agonists
targeting
Sirt3,
mitochondria-specific
antioxidants)
treatment
was
evaluated
hoping
provide
new
insights
into
treatment.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
178, С. 117084 - 117084
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
The
accumulation
of
excess
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
can
lead
to
oxidative
stress
(OS),
which
induce
gene
mutations,
protein
denaturation,
and
lipid
peroxidation
directly
or
indirectly.
expression
is
reduced
ATP
level
in
cells,
increased
cytoplasmic
Ca
Diabetes Spectrum,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(1), С. 20 - 28
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Insulin
resistance
is
implicated
in
both
the
pathogenesis
of
nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
and
its
progression
from
steatosis
to
steatohepatitis,
cirrhosis,
even
hepatocellular
carcinoma,
which
known
be
more
common
people
with
type
2
diabetes.
This
article
reviews
role
insulin
metabolic
dysfunction
observed
obesity,
diabetes,
atherogenic
dyslipidemia,
hypertension
how
it
a
driver
natural
history
NAFLD
by
promoting
glucotoxicity
lipotoxicity.
The
authors
also
review
genetic
environmental
factors
that
stimulate
steatohepatitis
fibrosis
their
relationship
cardiovascular
summarize
guidelines
supporting
treatment
diabetes
medications
reduce
resistance,
such
as
pioglitazone
or
glucagon-like
peptide
1
receptor
agonists.
Military Medical Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Май 29, 2024
Abstract
Mitochondria,
the
most
crucial
energy-generating
organelles
in
eukaryotic
cells,
play
a
pivotal
role
regulating
energy
metabolism.
However,
their
significance
extends
beyond
this,
as
they
are
also
indispensable
vital
life
processes
such
cell
proliferation,
differentiation,
immune
responses,
and
redox
balance.
In
response
to
various
physiological
signals
or
external
stimuli,
sophisticated
mitochondrial
quality
control
(MQC)
mechanism
has
evolved,
encompassing
key
like
biogenesis,
dynamics,
mitophagy,
which
have
garnered
increasing
attention
from
researchers
unveil
specific
molecular
mechanisms.
this
review,
we
present
comprehensive
summary
of
primary
mechanisms
functions
regulators
involved
major
components
MQC.
Furthermore,
critical
regulated
by
MQC
its
diverse
roles
progression
systemic
diseases
been
described
detail.
We
discuss
agonists
antagonists
targeting
MQC,
aiming
explore
potential
therapeutic
research
prospects
enhancing
stabilize
function.
