Microbiological toxicity tests using standardized ISO/OECD methods—current state and outlook

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 108(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2024

Abstract Microbial toxicity tests play an important role in various scientific and technical fields including the risk assessment of chemical compounds environment. There is a large battery normalized available that have been standardized by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) OECD (Organization Economic Co-operation Development) which are worldwide accepted applied. The focus this review to provide information on microbial tests, used elucidate effects other laboratory such as biodegradation prediction natural aqueous compartments well not methods described their advantages disadvantages discussed. In addition, sensitivity usefulness short comparison with ecotoxicological presented. Moreover, far-reaching influence also demonstrated. A new concept physiological potential inoculum (PPI) consisting whose results expressed resistance (CRP) adaptation (BAP) may be helpful characterize inocula tests. Key points • differences applicability. Standardized combination biodegradability open way together ecotoxicity can form very effective toolbox characterization toxic chemicals.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing the Persistence and Mobility of Organic Substances to Protect Freshwater Resources

ACS Environmental Au, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2(6), С. 482 - 509

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2022

Persistent and mobile organic substances are those with the highest propensity to be widely distributed in groundwater thereby, when emitted at low-levels, contaminate drinking water extraction points freshwater environments. To prevent such contamination, European Commission is process of introducing new hazard classes for persistent, mobile, toxic (PMT) very persistent (vPvM) within its key chemical regulations CLP REACH. The assessment persistence these will likely based on simulated half-life, t1/2, thresholds; mobility carbon-water distribution coefficient, KOC, thresholds. This study reviews use t1/2 KOC describe mobility, considering theory, history, suitability, data limitations, estimation methods, alternative parameters. For this purpose, parameters were compiled registered under REACH, known transformation products, detected wastewater treatment plant effluent, surface water, bank filtrate, groundwater, raw water. Experimental values rare only available 2.2% 14 203 unique chemicals identified. a fifth substances. Therefore, usage screening was investigated predict values, assist weight-of-evidence PMT/vPvM assessments. Even parameters, 41% substances, assessments could not made due gaps; 23% ambiguous. Further effort needed close substantial gaps. However, available, considered fit-for-purpose defining Using currently discussed threshold between 1.9 2.6% REACH identified as PMT/vPvM. Among sources, 24-30%

Язык: Английский

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Toward the future of OECD/ISO biodegradability testing-new approaches and developments

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 107(7-8), С. 2073 - 2095

Опубликована: Март 3, 2023

Abstract In the past decades, industrial and scientific communities have developed a complex standardized system (e.g., OECD, ISO, CEN) to evaluate biodegradability of chemical substances. This includes for OECD three levels testing (ready inherent tests, simulation tests). It was adopted by many countries is completely integrated into European legislation (registration, evaluation, authorization, restriction chemicals, REACH). Nevertheless, different tests certain deficiencies, question arises how accurately these display situation in real environment results can be used predictions. review will focus on technical advantages weaknesses current concerning setup, inoculum characterization, its biodegradation potential as well use adequate reference compounds. A special article combined test systems offering enhanced possibilities predict biodegradation. The properties microbial inocula are critically discussed, new concept adaptation (BAP) proposed. Furthermore, probability model silico QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships) models from structures reviewed. Another lies difficult single compounds mixtures chemicals like UVCBs (unknown or variable composition, reaction products, biological materials) which an important challenge forthcoming decades. Key points • There improved OECD/ISO proper characterization crucial point Combined offer extended

Язык: Английский

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Avoiding the Next Silent Spring: Our Chemical Past, Present, and Future

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(16), С. 6355 - 6359

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2023

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEViewpointNEXTAvoiding the Next Silent Spring: Our Chemical Past, Present, and FutureHans Peter H. Arp*Hans ArpNorwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Chemistry, Norwegian University Science Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway*[email protected]More by Hans ArpView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-8838, Dagny AurichDagny AurichLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, LuxembourgMore AurichView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-0596, Emma L. Schymanski*Emma SchymanskiLuxembourg Luxembourg*[email SchymanskiView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-8145, Kerry SimsKerry SimsEnvironment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, U.K.More SimsView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6273-4083, Sarah E. HaleSarah HaleNorwegian NorwayMore HaleView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-9199Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023, 57, 16, 6355–6359Publication Date (Web):April 13, 2023Publication History Received4 March 2023Published online13 April inissue 25 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01735Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published American SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceCC: Creative CommonsBY: Credit must be given to creatorArticle Views3277Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are COUNTER-compliant sum full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) across all institutions individuals. These metrics regularly updated reflect usage leading up last few days.Citations number other articles citing this article, calculated Crossref daily. Find more information about citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure attention that research has received online. Clicking on donut icon will load page at altmetric.com with additional details score social media presence article. how calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore Options onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit (5 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Degradation,Environmental pollution,Food,Phenyls,Testing assessment e-Alerts

Язык: Английский

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Forever Pesticides: A Growing Source of PFAS Contamination in the Environment

Environmental Health Perspectives, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 132(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Environmental contamination by fluorinated chemicals, in particular chemicals from the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) class, has raised concerns around globe because of documented adverse impacts on human health, wildlife, ecosystem quality. Recent studies have indicated that pesticide products may contain a variety meet PFAS definition, including active ingredients themselves. Given pesticides are some most widely distributed pollutants across world, legacy addition into could be widespread wide-ranging implications agriculture food water contamination, as well presence rural environments.

Язык: Английский

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Learning from Safe-by-Design for Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design: Mapping the current landscape of Safe-by-Design reviews, case studies, and frameworks

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 183, С. 108305 - 108305

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

With the introduction of European Commission's “Safe and Sustainable-by-Design” (SSbD) framework, interest in understanding implications safety sustainability assessments chemicals, materials, processes at early-innovation stages has skyrocketed. Our study focuses on “Safe-by-Design” (SbD) approach from nanomaterials sector, which predates SSbD framework. In this assessment, SbD studies have been compiled categorized into reviews, case studies, frameworks. Reviews tools further classified as quantitative, qualitative, or toolboxes repositories. We assessed them three categories: safe(r)-by-modeling, safe(r)-by-selection, safe(r)-by-redesign. This classification enabled us to understand past work subsequently use it define future so avoid confusion possibilities “SSbD-washing” (similar greenwashing). Finally, preexisting frameworks studied contextualized against Several key recommendations for based our analysis can be made. Knowledge gained existing approaches such SbD, green sustainable chemistry, benign-by-design needs preserved effectively transferred SSbD. Better incorporation chemical material functionality framework is required. The concept lifecycle thinking stage-gate innovation model need reconciled development high-throughput screening models critical operationalization conclude that rapid pace both necessitates a regular mapping newly published literature relevant field.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesizing Laboratory and Field Experiments to Quantify Dominant Transformation Mechanisms of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Aquatic Environments

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(15), С. 10838 - 10848

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2022

Laboratory studies used to assess the environmental fate of organic chemicals such as pesticides fail replicate conditions, resulting in large errors predicted transformation rates. We combine laboratory and field data identify dominant loss processes herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) lakes for first time. Microbial photochemical degradation are individually assessed using laboratory-based microcosms irradiation studies, respectively. Field campaigns conducted six quantify 2,4-D following large-scale treatments. Irradiation show that undergoes direct photodegradation, but modeling efforts demonstrated this process is negligible under conditions. Microcosms constructed inocula sediment microbial communities responsible lakes. Attempts products unsuccessful both suggesting their persistence not a major concern. The synthesis experiments demonstrate best practices designing those results mechanistically predict contaminant complex aquatic environments.

Язык: Английский

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Ultrasound assisted fabrication of InVO4/In2S3 heterostructure for enhanced sonophotocatalytic degradation of pesticides

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 100, С. 106615 - 106615

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2023

A cost effective and environmentally benign ultrasonic method has been developed for the synthesis of InVO4 (InV), In2S3 (InS) InVO4/In2S3 heterostructure (InV/InS). All designed materials were evaluated their structural, morphological, spectroscopic, electrochemical characterizations. Materials examined photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, sonophotocatalytic degradation carbofuran (CBF) diazinon (DZN) pesticides under visible light. InV/InS showed enhanced CBF DZN when compared to InV InS. Photocatalytic was accelerated by ultrasonication found degrade 97 98 % in 60 70 min, respectively. The reaction conditions, like pH, catalyst dosage, acoustic intensity, ultrasound power, carefully optimized. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy shows generation superoxide radical anion hydroxyl radicals as reactive species during photoredox reaction. intermediates analyzed using liquid chromatography mass (LC-MS) that mineralization CO2 H2O. effect Cl-, PO43- towards optimal conditions presence InV/InS. is decreased CO32- NO3- but ions does not show any on degradation. bandgap Mott-Schottky results suggest existence type-II between InS through interface. utilizes waves, which prove multiple applications attract researchers use sonication.

Язык: Английский

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To be or not to be degraded: in defense of persistence assessment of chemicals

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(8), С. 1104 - 1109

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Characterizing the degradation behavior of chemicals in environment is a key component chemical hazard and risk assessment.

Язык: Английский

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Predicting Hydrocarbon Primary Biodegradation in Soil and Sediment Systems Using System Parameterization and Machine Learning

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(6), С. 1352 - 1363

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Abstract Technical complexity associated with biodegradation testing, particularly for substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, biological materials (UVCB), necessitates the advancement non‐testing methods such as quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs). Models describing petroleum hydrocarbons (HCs) have been previously developed. A critical limitation available models is their inability to capture variability in rates test systems and environmental conditions. Recently, Hydrocarbon Biodegradation System Integrated Model (HC‐BioSIM) was developed characterize HCs aquatic inclusion key system variables. The present study further expands HC‐BioSIM methodology soil sediment using a database 2195 half‐life (i.e., degradation time [DT]50) entries sediment. Relevance reliability criteria were defined based on similarity standard testing guidelines applied all database. significantly outperformed existing HC (BioHCWin) virtual evaluation chemical properties toxicities (VEGA) Mario Negri Institute Pharmacological Research (IRFMN) Average errors predicted DT50s reduced by up 6.3‐ 8.7‐fold sediment, respectively. No significant bias function class, carbon number, parameters observed. diagnostics demonstrated low performance high consistency parameter usage/importance rule structure, supporting generalizability stability application external data sets. provides improved accuracy Persistence categorization, correct classification 83.9%, 90.6% respectively, demonstrating improvement over BioHCWin (70.7% 58.6%) VEGA (59.5% 18.5%) models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1352–1363. © 2024 Concawe. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry published Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf SETAC.

Язык: Английский

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