Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(7), С. 2897 - 2925
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2022
Despite
the
global
administration
of
approved
COVID-19
vaccines
(e.g.,
ChAdOx1
nCoV-19®,
mRNA-1273®,
BNT162b2®),
number
infections
and
fatalities
continue
to
rise
at
an
alarming
rate
because
new
variants
such
as
Omicron
its
subvariants.
Including
that
are
licensed
for
human
use,
most
currently
in
clinical
trials
administered
via
parenteral
route.
However,
it
has
been
proven
do
not
induce
localized
immunity
upper
respiratory
mucosal
surface,
does
necessarily
lead
sterilizing
immunity.
This
further
supports
necessity
a
vaccine
blocks
main
entrance
route
COVID-19:
nasal
oral
surfaces.
Understanding
mechanism
immune
regulation
M
cells
dendritic
targeting
them
can
be
another
promising
approach
successful
stimulation
system.
paper
reviews
basic
mechanisms
elicited
by
summarizes
practical
aspects
challenges
nanotechnology-based
platform
development,
well
ligand
hybrid
nanoparticles
potentially
effective
target
delivery
agents
vaccines.
Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(1), С. 51 - 51
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2022
The
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
is
caused
by
the
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
virus,
which
defined
its
positive-sense
single-stranded
RNA
(ssRNA)
structure.
It
in
order
Nidovirales,
suborder
Coronaviridae,
genus
Betacoronavirus,
and
sub-genus
Sarbecovirus
(lineage
B),
together
with
two
bat-derived
strains
a
96%
genomic
homology
other
bat
coronaviruses
(BatCoVand
RaTG13).
Thus
far,
Alphacoronavirus
strains,
HCoV-229E
HCoV-NL63,
along
five
Betacoronaviruses,
HCoV-HKU1,
HCoV-OC43,
SARS-CoV,
MERS-CoV,
SARS-CoV-2,
have
been
recognized
as
human
(HCoVs).
SARS-CoV-2
has
resulted
more
than
six
million
deaths
worldwide
since
late
2019.
appearance
of
this
novel
virus
high
variable
transmission
rate
(RT)
coexisting
asymptomatic
symptomatic
propagation
within
across
animal
populations,
longer-lasting
impact.
Most
current
therapeutic
methods
aim
to
reduce
severity
COVID-19
hospitalization
symptoms,
preventing
infection
from
progressing
chronic
vulnerable
populations.
Now,
pharmacological
interventions
including
vaccines
others
exist,
research
ongoing.
only
ethical
approach
developing
herd
immunity
develop
provide
therapeutics
that
can
potentially
improve
on
innate
adaptive
system
responses
at
same
time.
Therefore,
several
developed
acquired
induced
COVID-19-disease.
initial
evaluations
began
around
2020,
followed
clinical
trials
carried
out
during
ongoing
population
adverse
effect
monitoring
respective
regulatory
agencies.
durability
provided
requires
further
characterization
extensive
available
data,
presented
paper.
When
utilized
globally,
these
may
create
an
unidentified
pattern
antibody
or
memory
B
T
cell
need
be
researched,
some
now
compared
laboratory
studies
here.
Several
vaccine
immunogens
assess
their
safety
efficacy,
inducing
cellular
production
through
interactions
protect
against
infection.
This
response
virus-specific
antibodies
(anti-N
anti-S
antibodies),
undergoing
research.
In
article,
we
review
four
types
contemporary
vaccines,
comparing
profiles
aspects
involved
immunology
studies.
Expert Review of Vaccines,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
22(1), С. 468 - 480
Опубликована: Май 18, 2023
Inactivated
virus
vaccines
are
the
most
widely
used
tool
to
prevent
disease.
To
meet
vaccine
production
demands,
increasing
attention
has
been
placed
on
identifying
methods
improve
efficiency.
The
use
of
suspended
cells
can
greatly
increase
production.
Suspension
acclimation
is
a
traditional
method
convert
adherent
suspension
strains.
Furthermore,
as
genetic
engineering
technology
developed,
focused
development
cell
lines
using
targeted
techniques.This
review
systematically
summarizes
and
analyzes
research
progress
various
inactivated
viral
provides
protocols
candidate
target
genes
for
engineered
establishment
additional
production.The
significantly
efficiency
other
biological
products.
Presently,
culture
key
component
many
processes.
Vaccine
development
against
SARS-CoV-2
has
been
highly
successful
in
slowing
down
the
COVID-19
pandemic.
A
wide
spectrum
of
approaches
including
vaccines
based
on
whole
viruses,
protein
subunits
and
peptides,
viral
vectors,
nucleic
acids
have
developed
parallel.
For
all
types
vaccines,
good
safety
efficacy
obtained
both
preclinical
animal
studies
clinical
trials
humans.
Moreover,
emergency
use
authorization
granted
for
vaccines.
Although
high
demonstrated,
rare
cases
severe
adverse
events
detected
after
global
mass
vaccinations.
Emerging
variants
possessing
enhanced
infectivity
affected
vaccine
protection
requiring
re-design
re-engineering
novel
candidates.
Furthermore,
insight
into
preparedness
emerging
other
future
infections
is
given.
Abstract
The
vaccine
is
a
premier
healthcare
intervention
strategy
in
the
battle
against
infectious
infections.
However,
development
and
production
of
vaccines
present
challenges
terms
complexity,
cost,
time
consumption.
Alternative
methodologies,
such
as
nonthermal
plasma
plant‐based
technologies,
have
emerged
potential
alternatives
for
conventional
manufacturing
processes.
While
plasma‐based
approaches
offer
rapid
efficient
pathogen
inactivation
method
devoid
harsh
reagents,
techniques
more
economically
viable
scalable
avenue
production.
imperative
urges
these
to
address
pressing
global
health
posed
by
emerging
recurring
diseases,
surpassing
limitations
traditional
fabrication
methods.
primary
goal
this
review
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
research
landscape,
covering
conceptualization,
production,
advantages
vaccines.
Furthermore,
exploring
obstacles
opportunities
intrinsic
strategies
undertaken,
elucidating
their
impact
on
vaccination
strategies.
This
systematic
presentation
specifies
detailed
outline
recent
developments,
emphasizing
possibility
advanced
green
produce
effective
secure
programs.
Viral
nanoparticles
(VNPs)
have
emerged
as
crucial
tools
in
the
field
of
biomedicine.
Leveraging
their
biological
and
physicochemical
properties,
VNPs
exhibit
significant
advantages
prevention,
diagnosis,
treatment
human
diseases.
Through
techniques
such
chemical
bioconjugation,
infusion,
genetic
engineering,
encapsulation,
these
been
endowed
with
multifunctional
capabilities,
including
display
functional
peptides
or
proteins,
encapsulation
therapeutic
drugs
inorganic
particles,
integration
imaging
agents,
conjugation
bioactive
molecules.
This
review
provides
an
in-depth
analysis
biomedicine,
elucidating
diverse
types,
distinctive
features,
production
methods,
complex
design
principles
behind
VNPs.
It
highlights
recent
innovative
research
various
applications,
covering
roles
imaging,
drug
delivery,
therapeutics,
gene
vaccines,
immunotherapy,
tissue
regeneration.
Additionally,
assessment
safety
biocompatibility
discusses
challenges
future
opportunities
field,
underscoring
vast
potential
evolving
nature
VNP
research.
Vaccine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
60, С. 127314 - 127314
Опубликована: Май 26, 2025
Enterovirus
D68
(EV-D68)
is
a
pathogen
that
causes
respiratory
and
neurological
diseases.
Currently,
there
are
no
licensed
vaccines
for
EV-D68.
Here,
we
adapted
EV-D68
to
MRC-5
Vero
cells,
which
widely
used
in
vaccine
manufacturing,
develop
strains
applicable
production.
We
successfully
isolated
cell-adapted
by
serial
passaging
cells.
Although
efforts
isolate
through
of
cells
were
unsuccessful,
Inactivated
whole-virion
prepared
from
vaccine-manufacturing
mice
immunized
with
these
vaccines.
found
some
cases,
the
parental
induced
similar
levels
protective
immunity
against
EV-D68,
whereas
other
significantly
less
effective
than
strains.
These
data
provide
valuable
information
