An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the context of pathogenic single-cell microorganisms

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

SUMMARY Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized throughout scientific communities as potential vehicles of intercellular communication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, thereby influencing various physiological pathological functions parent recipient cells. This review provides an in-depth exploration the multifaceted roles EVs context bacteria protozoan parasite EVs, shedding light on their contributions to processes disease pathogenesis. These studies highlight a conserved mechanism cellular communication, which may lead us important breakthroughs our understanding infection, mechanisms pathogenesis, indicators disease. Furthermore, are involved host–microbe interactions, offering insights into strategies employed by parasites modulate host responses, evade immune system, establish infections.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring Peripheral Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers: Implications for Chronic Chagas Disease with Viral Infection or Transplantation

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1), С. 116 - 116

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer envelopes that encapsulate cell-specific cargo, rendering them promising biomarkers for diverse diseases. Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, poses a significant global health burden, transcending its initial epicenter in Latin America to affect individuals Europe, Asia, and North America. In this study, we aimed characterize circulating EVs derived from patients with chronic disease (CCD) experiencing reactivation of acute symptoms. Blood samples collected EDTA were processed isolate plasma subsequently subjected ultracentrifugation particle isolation purification. The characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our findings revealed distinctive differences size, concentration, composition between immunosuppressed those CCD. Importantly, these play critical role pathophysiology demonstrate potential as phase disease. Overall, our support utility CL-ELISA specific sensitive tool detecting Chagasic patients, particularly recurrent infection following an immunosuppressive treatment or concurrent HIV Further investigations warranted identify validate antigens responsible observed reactivity patient groups, which may have implications diagnosis, monitoring treatment, prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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Taenia solium cysticerci's extracellular vesicles Attenuate the AKT/mTORC1 pathway for Alleviating DSS‐induced colitis in a murine model

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract The excretory–secretory proteome plays a pivotal role in both intercellular communication during disease progression and immune escape mechanisms of various pathogens including cestode parasites like Taenia solium . cysticerci T. causes infection the central nervous system known as neurocysticercosis (NCC), which affects significant population developing countries. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 30–150‐nm‐sized particles constitute part secretome. However, EV NCC pathogenesis remains undetermined. Here, for first time, we report that from larvae is abundant metabolites can negatively regulate PI3K/AKT pathway, efficiently internalized by macrophages to induce AKT mTOR degradation through auto‐lysosomal route with prominent increase ubiquitination proteins. This results less ROS production diminished bacterial killing capability among EV‐treated macrophages. Due this, macro‐autophagy caspase‐linked apoptosis upregulated, reduction autophagy substrate sequestome 1. In summary, viable cysts attenuates AKT–mTOR pathway thereby promoting macrophages, this may exert immunosuppression an early stage parasite NCC, primarily asymptomatic. Further investigation on EV‐mediated suppression revealed protect mice DSS‐induced colitis improve colon architecture. These findings shed light previously unknown therapeutic their potential.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing research on parasitic infections: Standardized extracellular vesicle guideline

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(12)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Parasitic diseases (protozoan and helminths parasites) stand as a significant global health challenge, affecting over billion people worldwide claiming millions of lives annually. At the heart these lie parasites, which instigate myriad neglected tropical infectious diseases. Despite their impact on public health, present challenges in diagnosis, treatment prevention, largely due to complex life cycles parasites intricate nature host–parasite interactions. In recent years, emergence extracellular vesicles (EVs) topic study has revolutionized our understanding parasitic infections. These tiny vesicles, secreted by pathogenic protozoa or infected cells, engage crucial interactions with host dictating course infection disease progression. encompass spectrum activities for parasite's survival, including facilitating infection, modulating immune response, enhancing adaptability transferring factors that confer drug resistance. As conduits communication between hosts, EVs hold immense potential biomarkers asymptomatic infections prognostic indicators outcomes post-therapy. However, despite burgeoning interest EVs, current methodologies isolating, sizing characterizing often lack requisite rigor, standardization quality controls. Recognizing this gap, efforts are underway establish comprehensive standards drawn from growing collective understanding. The journey towards parasite-derived been marked collaborative interdisciplinary dialogues. Workshop titled "Cross-Organism Communication Extracellular Vesicles: Hosts, Microbes, Parasites (https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2017.1407213) organized International Society Vesicles (ISEV) workshop 2016 - São Paulo Brazil" have served platforms high-level scientific discussions, exploring nature, origin, applications gatherings underscore need standardized protocols techniques purification characterization taking into account unique characteristics each parasite species strain. Our recently published guideline Journal Biology (Fernandez-Becerra et al., 2023), "Guidelines Purification Characterization Parasites," marks big step forward effort. guideline, written 31 scientists around world, offers structured framework investigating obtained parasite-infected cell cultures, experimental animals patients. This editorial aims highlight significance advancing research parasitology. work is sections address key technical issues encountered field research. From isolation methods molecular functional assays, guidelines offer detailed recommendations ensure practices comparative analysis. By promoting transparency sharing insights, aim enhance reliability reproducibility EV-related Moreover, underscores importance diverse array characteristics. taxonomic overviews specific different moreover provides overview EV context addressing such characterization, unlock new insights mechanisms illnesses pave way innovative therapeutic interventions. conclusion, establishment represents milestone fostering collaboration common understanding, provide solid foundation critical field. we continue unravel complexities parasite–host interactions, serve roadmap driving progress improving worldwide. authors nothing report.

Язык: Английский

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Decoding dynamic molecular interactions in cells

Cell Biology International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49(2), С. 121 - 128

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

published or not.The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France abroad, public private centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire

Язык: Английский

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Overview of extracellular vesicles in pathogens with special focus on human extracellular protozoan parasites

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 119

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayered membrane-delimited particles secreted by almost any cell type, involved in different functions according to the of origin and its state. From these, communication, pathogen-host interactions modulation immune response have been widely studied. Moreover, these could be employed for diagnostic therapeutic purposes, including infections produced pathogens diverse types; regarding parasites, secretion, characterisation, roles EVs studied particular cases. heterogeneity presents challenges at every stage studies, which motivates research this area. In review, we summarise some aspects related secretion from several groups pathogens, with special focus on most recent extracellular protozoan parasites.

Язык: Английский

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Global Lipidomics Reveals the Lipid Composition Heterogeneity of Extracellular Vesicles from Drug-Resistant Leishmania

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12), С. 658 - 658

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024

: The rise of drug-resistant

Язык: Английский

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RNA-containing extracellular vesicles in infection

RNA Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1), С. 37 - 51

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released by cells that play vital roles in intercellular communication transporting diverse biologically active molecules, including RNA mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and other regulatory RNAs. These types protected within the lipid bilayer of EVs, ensuring their stability enabling long-distance cellular interactions. Notably, EVs infection, where pathogens host use EV-mediated transfer to influence immune responses disease outcomes. For example, bacterial a crucial role infection modulating facilitating pathogen invasion. This review explores complex interactions between EV-associated host-pathogen dynamics bacteria, parasites, fungi, aiming uncover molecular mechanisms infectious diseases potential therapeutic targets.

Язык: Английский

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Monocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles, stimulated by Trypanosoma cruzi, enhance cellular invasion in vitro via activated TGF‐β1

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Abstract During cell invasion, large Extracellular Vesicle (lEV) release from host cells was dose‐dependently triggered by Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes (Mtr). This lEV inhibited when IP 3 ‐mediated Ca 2+ exit the ER and further entry plasma membrane channels blocked, but whilst any store‐independent (SICE) could continue unabated. That equally if all external sources blocked chelation of points to major contributor Mtr‐triggered being /store‐mediated release, SICE playing a minor role. Host lEVs were released through Mtr interaction with lipid raft domains, integrins, mechanosensitive ion channels, whereupon [Ca ] cyt increased (50 750 nM) within 15 s. T. , which up 30 60 mpi, respectively, as well raised actin depolymerization at reduced TRPC inhibitor, GsMTx‐4. infection also RGD peptide, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, knockdown calpain calpeptin. Restoration levels, whether infected or uninfected epithelial cells, did not restore supplementation monocytes, did. We provide evidence THP‐1 monocyte‐derived (lipid mixing R18‐dequenching; flow cytometry showing transfer R18 R18‐lEVs LAP(TGF‐β1). Active, mature TGF‐β1 (at 175 pg/×10 5 in lEVs) detected concentrated lEV‐/cell‐free supernatant western blotting, only after had interacted Mtr. The receptor (TβRI) SB‐431542, enhanced cellular invasion due monocyte‐lEVs.

Язык: Английский

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Bovine PMN responses to extracellular vesicles released by Besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and B. besnoiti-infected host cells

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

Bovine besnoitiosis is a re-emerging cattle disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite

Язык: Английский

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