The thermal ecology and physiology of reptiles and amphibians: A user's guide

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 335(1), С. 13 - 44

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2020

Abstract Research on the thermal ecology and physiology of free‐living organisms is accelerating as scientists managers recognize urgency global biodiversity crisis brought by climate change. As ectotherms, temperature fundamentally affects most aspects lives amphibians reptiles, making them excellent models for studying how animals are impacted changing temperatures. research this group accelerates, it essential to maintain consistent optimal methodology so that results can be compared across groups over time. This review addresses utility reptiles model studies reviewing best practices their physiology, highlighting key have advanced field with new improved methods. We end presenting several areas where show great promise further advancing our understanding relations between environments

Язык: Английский

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Can nesting behaviour allow reptiles to adapt to climate change?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 378(1884)

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

A range of abiotic parameters within a reptile nest influence the viability and attributes (including sex, behaviour body size) hatchlings that emerge from nest. As result sensitivity, reproducing female can manipulate phenotypic her offspring by laying eggs at times in places provide specific conditions. Nesting reptiles shift their terms timing oviposition, location depth beneath soil surface across spatial temporal gradients. Those maternal manipulations affect mean values variances both temperature moisture, may modify vulnerability embryos to threats such as predation parasitism. By altering thermal hydric conditions nests, climate change has potential dramatically developmental trajectories survival rates embryos, phenotypes hatchlings. Reproducing females buffer effects modifying timing, structure nests ways enhance viability. Nonetheless, our understanding nesting behaviours response remains limited reptiles. Priority topics for future studies include documenting climate-induced changes environment, degree which behavioural shifts mitigate climate-related deleterious impacts on development, ecological evolutionary consequences responses change. This article is part theme issue ‘The ecology nests: cross-taxon approach’.

Язык: Английский

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Latitudinal embryonic thermal tolerance and plasticity shape the vulnerability of oviparous species to climate change

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 91(3)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2021

Abstract Heat tolerance at the immobile embryonic stage is expected to be critical in determining species vulnerability climate change. However, how mean and developmental plasticity of heat vary geographically, these geographic variations affect species' under change remain unknown. We experimentally determined acute (EAHT, i.e., shock temperature which heartbeats ceased) for three latitudinally distributed populations an oviparous lacertid lizard. The experimental results suggested that EAHT decreased with decreasing latitude reaction norms relation temperatures showed “flat,” “bell‐shaped,” “decreasing” patterns high, medium, low latitudes, respectively. Based on means weather data across China, we project stress frequency would increase from present future toward latitudes. Furthermore, becomes more extensive incorporation plasticity. Incorporating during development season, frequency, variables a distribution model projects suitable habitats could move northward response ongoing shrink due loss southern habitat. Moreover, even lizards within areas are predicted highly experience increases over time, particularly medium Our study reveals variation highlights its importance predicting range shifts

Язык: Английский

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Moderate climate warming scenarios during embryonic and post‐embryonic stages benefit a cold‐climate lizard

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 36(5), С. 1137 - 1150

Опубликована: Март 2, 2022

Abstract Warming temperatures caused by climate change are predicted to vary temporally and spatially. For mid‐ high‐latitude reptiles, the seasonal variation in warming experienced embryos hatchlings may determine offspring fitness, yet this has remained largely unexplored. To evaluate independent interactive influence of on embryonic hatchling development, we incubated eggs reared a cold‐climate oviparous ectothermic species, Heilongjiang grass lizard ( Takydromus amurensis ), following 2 × factorial design (present versus for present hatchlings). We then evaluated including hatching success, incubation period, initial body size, metabolic rate, growth rate survival mesocosms. found that shortened period produced with higher rates than those under conditions. Similarly, had similar resting rates, but climate. Hatchlings both conditions highest rates. This study revealed moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP 4.5, 1.1–2.6°C) interact benefit fitness ectotherms. Our also highlighted importance integrating when evaluating responses multiple developmental stages

Язык: Английский

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Ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations enhance offspring fitness: biological and methodological implications for studies of thermal developmental plasticity

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Natural thermal environments are notably complex and challenging to mimic in controlled studies. Consequently, our understanding of the ecological relevance underlying mechanisms organismal responses is often limited. For example, studies developmental plasticity have provided key insights into consequences temperature variation, but most laboratory use treatments that do not reflect natural regimes. While controlling other important factors, we compared effects naturally fluctuating temperatures with those commonly used regimes on development lizard embryos offspring phenotypes survival. We incubated eggs four treatments: three followed procedures literature, one precisely mimicked nest temperatures. To explore context-dependent effects, replicated these across two seasonal regimes: relatively cool from nests constructed early season warm late-season nests. show fluctuations a small effect variables enhance hatchling performance survival at cooler Thus, for successful simpler approximations (e.g. repeated sine waves, constant temperatures) may poorly systems under some conditions. benefits replicating real-world outweigh logistical costs. Although patterns might vary according study system research goals, methodological approach demonstrates importance incorporating variation provides biologists interested ecology framework validating effectiveness methods.

Язык: Английский

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Collective effects of rising average temperatures and heat events on oviparous embryos

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

Survival of the immobile embryo in response to rising temperature is important determine a species' vulnerability climate change. However, collective effects 2 key thermal characteristics associated with change (i.e., average and acute heat events) on embryonic survival remain largely unexplored. We used empirical measurements niche modeling investigate how chronic stress independently collectively influence lizards across latitudes. collected bred from 5 latitudes incubated their eggs range temperatures quantify population-specific responses stress. Using an development model parameterized measured tolerances, we further identified impact tolerances survival. also incorporated tolerance hybrid species distribution models shifts under Embryos' (T-chronic) remained consistent latitudes, whereas (T-acute) was higher at high than low Tolerance exerted more pronounced heat. In models, led most significant habitat loss for each population its low-latitude distribution. Consequently, populations all will shift toward Our study highlights importance considering stresses predict

Язык: Английский

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Animal Models of Human Disease 2.0

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(24), С. 13743 - 13743

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024

The use of animal models is crucial for advancing translational research by identifying effective treatment targets and strategies clinical application in human disease [...]

Язык: Английский

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Pathology of Free-Living Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta) Embryos on the Island of Linosa (Italy)

Veterinary Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(4), С. 328 - 328

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025

On the beach of Linosa Island (Italy), 43 loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) unhatched eggs were recovered from nests, formalin-fixed and necropsied. The tissue samples stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Grocott, von Kossa, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Movat pentachrome stains. Histologically, vacuolar degeneration (100.0%) increased numbers melanomacrophages (18.6%) in liver, edema (14.0%) lungs observed. Twenty-five kidneys (58.1%) showed deposition blue amorphous material HE staining, which also appeared PAS-positive black Kossa allowing a diagnosis calcium oxalate, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). hepatic lesions may be indicative toxicosis, infection, or defense mechanism. A statistically significant association between nest position renal oxalosis (renal oxalate deposition) was Renal probably due to exceptionally high summer temperatures, higher compared temperatures recorded previous two years.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental Thermal Stress Induces Neuronal Cell Death and Developmental Malformations in Reptiles

Integrative Organismal Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Every stage of organismal life history is being challenged by global warming. Many species are already experiencing temperatures approaching their physiological limits; this particularly true for ectothermic species, such as lizards. Embryos markedly sensitive to thermal insult. Here, we demonstrate that currently experienced in natural nesting areas can modify gene expression levels and induce neural craniofacial malformations embryos the lizard Anolis sagrei. Developmental abnormalities ranged from minor changes facial structure significant disruption anterior face forebrain. The first several days postoviposition development These results raise new concern over viability under contemporary climate change. Herein, propose test a novel developmental hypothesis describes cellular origins those malformations: cell death developing forebrain abnormal induction due disrupted Hedgehog signaling. Based on similarities embryonic response stress among distantly related represents common insult amniote embryos. Our emphasize importance adopting broad, multidisciplinary approach includes both lab field perspectives when trying understand future impacts anthropogenic change animal development.

Язык: Английский

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A review of the effects of incubation conditions on hatchling phenotypes in non-squamate reptiles

Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 192(2), С. 207 - 233

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Developing embryos of oviparous reptiles show substantial plasticity in their responses to environmental conditions during incubation, which can include altered sex ratios, morphology, locomotor performance and hatching success. While recent research reviews have focused on temperature emerging evidence suggests other variables are also important determining hatchling phenotypes. Understanding how the external environment influences development is for species management requires identifying exert effects individually, they interact affect developing embryos. To address this knowledge gap, we review literature phenotypic non-squamate (i.e., turtles, crocodilians tuataras) reptile hatchlings temperature, moisture, oxygen concentration salinity. We examine these influence one another consider changes each variable alters incubation thus, explore drive variation phenotypes adult populations. Finally, highlight gaps suggest future directions.

Язык: Английский

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