Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2: Genomics, transmissibility, and responses to current COVID‐19 vaccines

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(5), С. 1825 - 1832

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2022

Currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide as an Omicron variant. This variant is a heavily mutated virus and designated of concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO cautioned that SARS-CoV-2 held very high risk infection, reigniting anxieties about economy's recovery from 2-year pandemic. The extensively likely to internationally, posing infection surges with serious repercussions in some areas. According preliminary data, higher reinfection. On other hand, whether current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively resist new strain still under investigation. However, there limited information on situation variant, such genomics, transmissibility, efficacy vaccines, treatment, management. review focused transmission, effectiveness against which will be helpful for further investigation SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Characteristics and prevention

MedComm, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2(4), С. 838 - 845

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2021

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has brought about a great threat to global public health. Recently, new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variant B.1.1.529 been reported in South Africa and induced rapid increase COVID‐19 cases. On November 24, 2021, named Omicron was designated as under monitoring (VUM) by World Health Organization (WHO). Two days later, the classified of concern (VOC). This harbors high number mutations, including 15 mutations receptor‐binding domain (RBD) spike. The also shares several with previous VOC Alpha, Beta, Gamma variants, which immediately raised concerns viral transmissibility, pathogenicity, immune evasion. Here we described discovery characteristics variant, compared spike five VOCs, further possible strategies prevent overcome prevalence variant.

Язык: Английский

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Structural and functional characterizations of infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 185(5), С. 860 - 871.e13

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant with increased fitness is spreading rapidly worldwide. Analysis of cryo-EM structures the spike (S) from reveals amino acid substitutions forging interactions that stably maintain an active conformation for receptor recognition. relatively more compact domain organization confers improved stability and enhances attachment but compromises efficiency viral fusion step. Alterations in local conformation, charge, hydrophobic microenvironments underpin modulation epitopes such they are not recognized by most NTD- RBD-antibodies, facilitating immune escape. Structure S bound human ACE2, together analysis sequence conservation ACE2 binding region 25 sarbecovirus members, as well heatmaps immunogenic sites their corresponding mutational frequencies, sheds light on conserved structurally restrained regions can be used development broad-spectrum vaccines therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Past SARS-CoV-2 infection protection against re-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 401(10379), С. 833 - 842

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Understanding the level and characteristics of protection from past SARS-CoV-2 infection against subsequent re-infection, symptomatic COVID-19 disease, severe disease is essential for predicting future potential burden, designing policies that restrict travel or access to venues where there a high risk transmission, informing choices about when receive vaccine doses. We aimed systematically synthesise studies estimate by variant, data allow, time since infection.In this systematic review meta-analysis, we identified, reviewed, extracted scientific literature retrospective prospective cohort test-negative case-control published inception up Sept 31, 2022, estimated reduction in among individuals with comparison those without previous infection. meta-analysed effectiveness outcome (infection, disease), ran Bayesian meta-regression pooled estimates protection. Risk-of-bias assessment was evaluated using National Institutes Health quality-assessment tools. The PRISMA compliant registered PROSPERO (number CRD42022303850).We identified total 65 19 different countries. Our meta-analyses showed any ancestral, alpha, beta, delta variants, but substantially lower omicron BA.1 variant. Pooled re-infection variant 45·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 17·3-76·1) 44·0% (26·5-65·0) disease. Mean greater than 78% (hospitalisation death) all including BA.1. Protection variants declined over remained at 78·6% (49·8-93·6) 40 weeks. more rapidly 36·1% (24·4-51·3) On other hand, 90·2% (69·7-97·5) 88·9% (84·7-90·9) weeks.Protection pre-omicron very even after variants. immunity conferred should be weighed alongside vaccination assessing burden COVID-19, providing guidance on vaccinated, mandate workers access, basis immune status, settings transmission high, such as high-occupancy indoor settings.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, J Stanton, T Gillespie, E Nordstrom.

Язык: Английский

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Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, salient features, high global health concerns and strategies to counter it amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 209, С. 112816 - 112816

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

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A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1), С. 167 - 167

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all previously emerged variants. numerous mutations in Omicron’s viral genome sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of fitness, owing to alteration transmission pathophysiology virus. With rapid change structure, sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, dominate community with an ability escape neutralization efficiency induced prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants Omicron, XBB, XBD, XBF, etc., have emerged, which better understanding. This review mainly entails changes due having higher number mutations. binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, importantly, immune evading potential them discussed this review. A comparative analysis Delta other variants evolved before gives readers in-depth understanding landscape infection. Furthermore, discusses range abilities possessed approved antiviral therapeutic molecules neutralizing antibodies functional against sub-variants. evolution is causing infections, but broader aspect their not been explored. Thus, scientific should adopt elucidative approach obtain clear idea about recently including variants, so effective vaccines drugs can be achieved. This, turn, will lead drop cases and, finally, end pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Omicron (BA.1) and sub‐variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3) of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike infectivity and pathogenicity: A comparative sequence and structural‐based computational assessment

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 94(10), С. 4780 - 4791

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2022

The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread throughout world. We used computational tools to assess spike infectivity, transmission, and pathogenicity (BA.1) sub-variants (BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3) in this study. BA.1 39 mutations, BA.1.1 40 BA.2 31 BA.3 34 with 21 shared mutations between all. observed 11 common Omicron's receptor-binding domain (RBD) sub-variants. In analysis, Y505H, N786K, T95I, N211I, N856K, V213R omicron are predicted be deleterious. Due major effect characterizing RBD, we found that had a higher positive electrostatic surface potential. This could increase interaction RBD negative potential human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2). affinity for hACE2 increased transmission when compared wild-type (WT). Negative N-terminal (NTD) protein value indicates binds receptors less efficiently than WT. Given at least one receptor is highly expressed lung bronchial cells, NTD factors contributing why thought harmful lower tract. Among sub-lineages, have BA.1.1. mutated residues (K478), (R400, R490, R495), (R397 H499) formation new salt bridges hydrogen bonds. sub-variant Receptor-binding Motif (RBM) such as Q493R, N501Y, Q498, T478K, Y505H all contribute significantly binding ACE2. Interactions 493, 496, 498, 501 seem restore ACE2 effectiveness lost due other like K417N.

Язык: Английский

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Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: What we know and what we don’t

Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(1), С. 100998 - 100998

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Alpha to Omicron: Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes of Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 227(3), С. 344 - 352

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022

Four severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants predominated in the United States since 2021. Understanding disease severity related to different SARS-CoV-2 remains limited.Viral genome analysis was performed on clinical isolates circulating March 2021 through 2022 Cleveland, Ohio. Major were correlated with and patient outcomes.In total 2779 patients identified either Alpha (n 1153), Gamma 122), Delta 808), or Omicron 696) selected for analysis. No difference frequency of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, death found among Alpha, Gamma, variants. However, infection significantly less likely be admitted hospital, require oxygen, admission ICU (2 12.8, P .001; 21.6, .002; 9.6, .01, respectively). In whose vaccination status known, a substantial number had breakthrough infections (218/808 [26.9] 513/696 [73.7], infections, hospitalization rate similar regardless variant by multivariate between subvariants BA.1 BA.2.Disease associated is comparable while are severe. Breakthrough more common infection.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of Ensitrelvir in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Phase 2b Part of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 76(8), С. 1403 - 1411

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2022

This phase 2b part of a randomized 2/3 study assessed the efficacy and safety ensitrelvir for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during Omicron epidemic.Patients were (1:1:1) to orally receive fumaric acid 125 mg (375 on day 1) or 250 (750 placebo once daily 5 days. The co-primary endpoints change from baseline in severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) titer 4 time-weighted average up 120 hours total score predefined 12 COVID-19 symptoms. Safety was through adverse events.A 341 patients (ensitrelvir 125-mg group: 114; 250-mg 116; 111; male: 53.5-64.9%; mean age: 35.3-37.3 years) included analyses. SARS-CoV-2 significantly greater with both doses than (differences placebo: -0.41 log10 50% tissue-culture infectious dose/mL; P < .0001 both). symptoms did not show significant difference between groups group. versus several subtotal scores, including Most events mild severity.Ensitrelvir treatment demonstrated favorable antiviral potential clinical benefit an acceptable profile.Japan Registry Clinical Trials: jRCT2031210350 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT2031210350).

Язык: Английский

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