The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 848, С. 157740 - 157740
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2022
Язык: Английский
Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 209, С. 112816 - 112816
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
281
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 54, С. 46 - 57
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
223
Journal of Infection and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1), С. 4 - 14
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2022
Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent genomic variations, mutations adaptation, few gain ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency cause disease, morbidity mortality. These have been implicated lessening efficacy current COVID-19 vaccines immunotherapies break-through viral infections vaccinated individuals recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder protective herd immunity be achieved through ongoing progressive vaccination. Currently, only variant interest SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified South Africa. In this review, we present overview with a special focus variant, its lineages hybrid variants. We discuss hypotheses origin, genetic change underlying molecular mechanism behind transmissibility immune escape variant. Major related including available immunotherapeutics vaccines, transmissibility, severity, mortality discussed. last part, challenges strategies counter amid pandemic presented.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
204
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 154, С. 113522 - 113522
Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2022
Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid serious containment efforts against that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has identified as a highly modified, contagious, crucial among five VOCs SARS-CoV-2. increased affinity spike protein (S-protein), host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to higher number mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) S-protein proposed primary reason for decreased efficacy majorly available vaccines transmissible nature variant. Because its significant competitive advantage, sublineages swiftly surpassed other become dominant circulating lineages nations. prevalent strain United Kingdom South Africa. Furthermore, emergence recombinant through conjunction with or by mixing variant's sublineages/subvariants poses major threat humanity. This various issues hazards regarding sublineages, such an breakout susceptible populations fully vaccinated persons. As result, understanding features genetic implications this is crucial. Hence, we explained depth evolution analyzed repercussions on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, immune evasion. We also presented viewpoint feasible strategies precluding counteracting any future catastrophic spread omicron could result detrimental wave cases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
93
Medical Science Monitor, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022
On 4th November 2021, the first oral antiviral drug for COVID-19, molnupiravir (Lagevrio®), received full regulatory approval from Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in UK. Molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable use at home when a SARS-CoV-2 test positive. 22nd December 2022, FDA granted emergency authorization (EUA) drug, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid®) adults children with mild moderate COVID-19 increased risk of progression to severe COVID-19. These approvals come crucial time new variants concern virus are spreading rapidly. Although approved remdesivir (Veklury®) on October 2020 treatment requiring hospitalization, its has been limited by requirement intravenous administration healthcare facility. The four FDA-approved therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, imdevimab, bamlanivimab, etesevimab, casirivimab costly also require medically-supervised administration. availability effective, low-cost drugs available community setting that can be used early stage infection now priority controlling An increasing number repurposed currently under investigation or stages approval. This Editorial aims present update current status treatments infection.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
82
GeroScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 44(2), С. 619 - 637
Опубликована: Март 8, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
59
Vaccines, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(1), С. 23 - 23
Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2021
The high transmissibility, mortality, and morbidity rate of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant have raised concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness (VE). To address this issue, all publications relevant to vaccines against were searched in Web Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Medline (via PubMed) databases up 15 October 2021. A total studies (36 datasets) included meta-analysis. After first dose, VE for each was 0.567 (95% CI 0.520–0.613) Pfizer-BioNTech, 0.72 0.589–0.822) Moderna, 0.44 0.301–0.588) AstraZeneca, 0.138 0.076–0.237) CoronaVac. Meta-analysis 2,375,957 vaccinated cases showed that Pfizer-BioNTech had highest infection after second at 0.837 0.672–0.928), third 0.972 0.96–0.978), as well prevention severe or death, 0.985 0.95–0.99), amongst COVID-19 vaccines. short-term vaccines, especially mRNA-based infection, hospitalization, death is supported by study. Limitations include a lack long-term efficacy data, under-reporting observational studies, which has potential falsely skew rates. Overall, study supports decisions public health decision makers promote population vaccination control emergence further variants.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
56
Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 78
Опубликована: Май 7, 2022
Despite many nations' best efforts to contain the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (B.1.1.529) has been identified as a serious concern. After more than two years pandemic and year worldwide vaccination efforts, globe will not be free variants such Delta variants. According current statistics, variant 30 mutations when contrasted other VOCs Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), (B.1.617.2). High numbers changes, particularly in spike protein (S-Protein), raise worries about virus's capacity resist pre-existing immunity acquired by or spontaneous infection antibody-based therapy. The raised international concerns, resuming travel bans coming up with questions its severity, transmissibility, testing, detection, vaccines efficiency against it. Additionally, inadequate health care infrastructures immunocompromised individuals increase susceptibility. status low rates play significant role omicron spreading create fertile ground for producing new As result, this article emphasizes mutational changes their consequences. In addition, potential preventing measures have examined detail.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
47
Annals of Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 175(12), С. 1685 - 1692
Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2022
It is important to document the performance of rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs) in detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants.To compare Ag-RDTs Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants SARS-CoV-2.Secondary analysis a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants between 18 October 2021 24 January 2022. Participants did collected samples for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing every 48 hours 15 days.The parent throughout mainland United States through digital platform. All self-collected anterior nasal swabs RT-PCR testing. were completed at home, whereas shipped central laboratory.Of 7349 study, 5779 asymptomatic persons who tested negative on day 1 eligible this substudy.Sensitivity same as first positive (index) result after result.A total 207 (58 Delta, 149 Omicron). Differences sensitivity not statistically significant (same day: 15.5% [95% CI, 6.2% 24.8%] vs. Omicron, 22.1% [CI, 28.8%]; hours: 44.8% 32.0% 57.6%] 49.7% 41.6% 57.6%]). Among 109 had RT-PCR-positive results hours, differ significantly Delta- Omicron-infected (48-hour sensitivity: 81.5% 66.8% 96.1%] 78.0% 69.1% 87.0%]). Only 7.2% 69 with shorter than by Ag-RDT within week; those infections remained consistently Ag-RDTs.A frequency does allow finer temporal resolution test performance, are based self-report.The infected variant inferior infections. Serial improved both variants. The varies basis duration positivity.National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute National Institutes Health.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
47
The Journal of Gene Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(7)
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2022
Since its emersion, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a significant global dilemma. Several mutations in the severe acute respiratory virus (SARS-Co-2) genome given rise to different variants with various levels of transmissibility, severity and mortality. Up until November 2021, concern declared by World Health Organization were Alpha, Beta, Delta Gamma. then, novel variant named Omicron (B.1.1.529) developed. BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2 BA.3 are four known subvariants Omicron. The involves new spike protein, most which receptor binding site, increase transmissibility decrease antibody vaccine response. Understanding virology is necessary for developing diagnostic therapeutic methods. Moreover, important issues, such as risk re-infection, response kinds vaccines, need booster dose increased infection pediatrics, be addressed. In this article, we provide an overview biological immunopathological properties subvariants, clinical signs symptoms, vaccines against Omicron, re-infection approaches specific challenges successful control management rapid spread variant.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
42