Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 66, С. 12 - 23

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Brain default-mode network dysfunction in addiction

NeuroImage, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 200, С. 313 - 331

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2019

Aberrant patterns of brain functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) have been observed across different classes substance use disorder (SUD) and are associated with craving relapse. In addicted individuals resting (RSFC) anterior DMN, which participates attribution personal value emotional regulation, tends to be decreased, whereas RSFC posterior directs attention internal world, increased. within DMN is believed contribute impaired self-awareness, negative emotions ruminations addiction. Additionally, disrupted between cortical regions involved executive function, memory emotion could critical drug-taking regardless consequences stress-triggered At system level, dynamics interactions control salience networks also disturbed The prominently engaged during withdrawal preoccupation phases addiction cycle at expense an enhanced participation network. contrast, prominence appears transitorily decreased intoxication phases. There growing evidence that disruption reflects part changes dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic signaling acute chronic drug use. Findings starting reveal as a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes SUD identify promising target treatment

Язык: Английский

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Alcohol use disorder relapse factors: A systematic review

Psychiatry Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 278, С. 97 - 115

Опубликована: Май 25, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Are males more likely to be addicted to the internet than females? A meta-analysis involving 34 global jurisdictions

Computers in Human Behavior, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99, С. 86 - 100

Опубликована: Май 8, 2019

Internet addiction (IA) is prevalent and associated with negative measures of health functioning, males appearing more vulnerable than females. However, little known about gender-related differences in the effect sizes IA globally. This multinational meta-analysis addresses this gap knowledge by providing estimates tendencies across jurisdictions how they relate to global national indexes including gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, internet penetration, gaps economies, alcohol consumption, smoking prevalence, life satisfaction suicide rates. One-hundred-and-one studies consisting 115 independent samples involving 204,352 participants from 34 countries/regions were identified. The average size a random-effects model was small at g = 0.145. highest Asia 0.208, lowest North America −0.049, Africa 0.092 Europe 0.114. Meta-regression revealed that smaller observed nations greater GDP capita higher penetration. As operationalized, both availability social norms hypotheses supported being positively related economic measures, prevalence consumption. Psychological Well-being hypothesis largely not supported, since unrelated negatively Findings suggest factors, availability, some addiction-related factors may importantly countries.

Язык: Английский

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Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 74(1), С. 119 - 140

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

A widely held dogma in the preclinical addiction field is that females are more vulnerable than males to drug craving and relapse. Here, we first review clinical studies on sex differences psychostimulant opioid Next, reinstatement of seeking after extinction self-administration, incubation (time-dependent increase during abstinence). We also discuss ovarian hormones' role relapse humans animal models speculate brain mechanisms underlying their cocaine rodent models. Finally, imaging responses cues stress men women.The results reviewed do not appear support notion women However, this conclusion tentative because most were correlational, sufficiently powered, a priori designed detect differences. Additionally, suggest stress. The provide evidence for stress-induced but cue- or cocaine-induced seeking. These modulated part by hormones. In contrast, available data relapse/reinstatement methamphetamine opioids

Significance Statement

This systematic summarizes Results

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality

Biology of Sex Differences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2022

Abstract The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly debated topics scientific community popular media. This debate is largely fueled by studies containing strong, opposing conclusions: either little to no evidence exists for neuroanatomy, or there small-to-moderate size certain regions that highly reproducible across cohorts (even after controlling average size). Our Commentary uses specific comparison between two recent large-scale adopt these views—namely review Eliot colleagues (2021) direct analysis ~ 40k brains Williams (2021)—in an effort clarify this controversy provide a framework conducting research. First, we observations motivate research on including potential causes (evolutionary, genetic, environmental) effects (epidemiological clinical sex-biased disorders). We also summarize methodological empirical support using structural MRI investigate such patterns. Next, outline how researchers focused can better specify their study design (e.g., was defined, if adjusted for) results (by e.g., distinguishing sexual dimorphisms from differences). then compare different approaches available studying large number individuals: analysis, meta-analysis, review. stress reviews do not account studies, variation explains many apparent inconsistencies reported throughout (including work colleagues). For instance, show amygdala volume consistently as male-biased with sufficient sample sizes appropriate methods correction. In fact, comparing multiple analyses highlights small, (controlling Finally, describe best practices presentation interpretation findings. Care important all domains science, but especially so brain, given existence broad societal gender-biases history biological data being used justify sexist ideas. As such, urge discuss simultaneously anti-sexist viewpoints.

Язык: Английский

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Fentanyl-driven acceleration of racial, gender and geographical disparities in drug overdose deaths in the United States

PLOS Global Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(3), С. e0000769 - e0000769

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

We examine trends in drug overdose deaths by race, gender, and geography the United States during period 2013–2020. Race gender specific crude rates were extracted from final National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files for several jurisdictions used to calculate male-to-female ratios of between 2013 2020. established 2013–2019 temporal four major types: psychostimulants with addiction potential (T43.6, such as methamphetamines); heroin (T40.1); natural semi-synthetic opioids (T40.2, those contained prescription pain-killers); synthetic (T40.4, fentanyl its derivatives) through a quadratic regression determined whether changes pandemic year 2020 statistically significant. also identified which states most impacted deaths. Nationwide, saw significant increases all categories except heroin, surpassing predictions based on trends. Crude Black individuals both genders surpassed White 2018, creating gap that widened In some regions, among persons decreased while kept rising. The largest statistic is males District Columbia, record 134 per 100,000 due fentanyl, 9.4 times more than fatality rate males. Male remain larger females Idaho, Utah Arkansas where semisynthetic exceeded Drug prevention, mitigation no-harm strategies should include racial, geographical gender-specific efforts, better identify serve at-risk groups.

Язык: Английский

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Sex contextualism in laboratory research: Enhancing rigor and precision in the study of sex-related variables

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(6), С. 1316 - 1326

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Sex differences in dopamine release regulation in the striatum

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 46(3), С. 491 - 499

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Risk Factors for Misuse of Prescribed Opioids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Annals of Emergency Medicine, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 74(5), С. 634 - 646

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2019

Study objectiveIncreasing opioid prescribing has been linked to an epidemic of misuse. Our objective is synthesize the available evidence about patient-, prescriber-, medication-, and system-level risk factors for developing misuse among patients prescribed opioids noncancer pain.MethodsWe performed a systematic search scientific gray literature studies reporting on prescription Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, full texts; extracted data; assessed study quality. We excluded with greater than 50% cancer patients, palliative illicit initiation. When possible, we synthesized effect sizes dichotomous their associations misuse, using inverse-variance random-effects meta-analysis. calculated mean difference between misusers nonmisusers continuous factors. lacked homogeneity, results qualitatively.ResultsOf 9,629 studies, 65 met our inclusion criteria. Among outpatient prescriptions, following were associated development misuse: any current or previous substance use (odds ratio [OR] 3.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.62 4.82), mental health diagnosis (OR 2.45; CI 1.91 3.15), younger age 2.19; 1.81 2.64), male sex 1.23; 1.10 1.36).ConclusionAlthough clinicians should endeavor offer alternative pain management strategies all those who are younger, report history diagnoses Clinicians consider prioritizing these higher-risk patients. Increasing pain. qualitatively. Of 1.36). Although

Язык: Английский

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