Gut microbiota in COVID-19: key microbial changes, potential mechanisms and clinical applications

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(5), С. 323 - 337

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(6)

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2023

The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, it is difficult solve root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances microbiota. Increasing clinical studies evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics prevent treat various diseases, but currently they be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts application of probiotics field medicine. Here, this review analyzes importance health problems systematically summarizes effectiveness mechanisms maintaining treating based on animal models trials. And research outcomes development trends field, challenges prospects their health, alleviating are analyzed. It hoped promote disease treatment open up new frontiers probiotic research.

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Intestine, Liver, and Pancreas

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 262 - 262

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, rapidly spread worldwide, causing an ongoing global pandemic. While the respiratory system is most common site of infection, a significant number reported cases indicate gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. GI symptoms include anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although mechanisms pathogenesis are still being examined, viral components isolated from stool samples infected patients suggest potential fecal–oral transmission route. In addition, RNA has been detected in blood patients, making hematologic dissemination virus proposed route for Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors serve as cellular entry mechanism virus, these particularly abundant throughout tract, intestine, liver, pancreas extrapulmonary sites infection reservoirs developing mutations new variants that contribute to uncontrolled disease resistance treatments. This dysregulation immune play role profound inflammatory coagulative cascades increased severity risk death several COVID-19 patients. article reviews various gastrointestinal, pancreatic injury.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and its metabolic products in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

The prevalence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is estimated at approximately 10% in critically ill patients worldwide, with the mortality ranging from 17% to 39%. Currently, ARDS usually higher COVID-19, giving another challenge for treatment. However, treatment efficacy far satisfactory. relationship between gut microbiota and has been substantiated by relevant scientific studies. not only changes distribution microbiota, but also influences intestinal mucosal barrier through alteration microbiota. modulation can impact onset progression triggering dysfunctions inflammatory response immune cells, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis mechanisms. Meanwhile, may influence metabolic products In this review, we focus on how further function, cellular functions related signaling pathways during ARDS. roles microbiota-derived metabolites development occurrence are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Composition and Dynamics in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1), С. 567 - 567

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the modulation of host responses during viral infections, and recent studies have underscored its significance context coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to investigate dynamics compositional changes COVID-19 patients, addressing both acute phase recovery process, with particular focus on emergence post-COVID-19 conditions. Involving 146 patients 110 healthy controls, this study employed shotgun metagenomics approach for cross-sectional longitudinal analyses one- three-month follow-ups. observed decline taxonomic diversity among hospitalized compared while subsequent increase alpha was shown process. A notable contribution Enterococcus faecium identified infection, accompanied by an increasing abundance butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified) period. highlighted protective Prevotella genus long-term process suggested potential population-specificity early markers post-acute syndrome. Our represents distinctive signatures COVID-19, diagnostic prognostic implications, pinpointing modulators progression.

Язык: Английский

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Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA microbial data identified alterations of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients during the acute and recovery phases

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2022

Abstract Background Dozens of studies have demonstrated gut dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients during the acute and recovery phases. However, a consensus on specific associated bacteria is missing. In this study, we performed meta-analysis to explore whether robust reproducible alterations microbiota exist across different populations. Methods A systematic review was conducted for published prior May 2022 electronic databases. After review, included 16 that comparing those controls. The 16S rRNA sequence data these were then re-analyzed using standardized workflow synthesized by meta-analysis. Results We found bacterial diversity both phases consistently lower than non-COVID-19 individuals. Microbial differential abundance analysis showed depletion anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing enrichment taxa with pro-inflammatory properties phase compared Analysis microbial communities recovered still unhealthy ecostates. Conclusions Our results provided comprehensive synthesis better understand perturbations identified underlying biomarkers microbiome-based diagnostics therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 triggered oxidative stress and abnormal energy metabolism in gut microbiota

MedComm, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2022

Abstract Specific roles of gut microbes in COVID‐19 progression are critical. However, the circumstantial mechanism remains elusive. In this study, shotgun metagenomic or metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples collected from 13 patients and controls. We analyzed structure microbiota, identified characteristic bacteria, selected biomarkers. Further, gene ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) annotations were employed to correlate taxon alterations corresponding functions. The microbiota characterized by enrichment opportunistic pathogens depletion commensals. abundance Bacteroides spp. displayed an inverse relationship with severity, whereas Actinomyces oris , Escherichia coli Streptococcus parasanguini positively correlated disease severity. genes encoding oxidoreductase significantly enriched microbiome group. KEGG annotation indicated that expression ABC transporter upregulated, while synthesis pathway butyrate aberrantly reduced. Furthermore, increased metabolism lipopolysaccharide, polyketide sugar, sphingolipids, neutral amino acids found. These results suggested a state oxidative stress. Healthy may enhance antiviral defenses via metabolism, accumulation inflammatory bacteria exacerbate progression.

Язык: Английский

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SARS CoV-2-Induced Viral Sepsis: The Role of Gut Barrier Dysfunction

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(5), С. 1050 - 1050

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

A considerable proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 meet Sepsis-3 criteria and share common pathophysiological mechanisms multiorgan injury bacterial sepsis, in absence secondary infections, a process characterized as “viral sepsis”. The intestinal barrier exerts central role the sequence events that lead from SARS-CoV-2 infection to systemic complications. Accumulating evidence suggests disrupts integrity biological, mechanical immunological gut barrier. Specifically, microbiota diversity beneficial bacteria population are reduced, concurrently overgrowth pathogenic (dysbiosis). Enterocytes’ tight junctions (TJs) disrupted, apoptotic death epithelial cells is increased leading permeability. In addition, mucosal CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells, Th17 neutrophils, dendritic macrophages activated, T-regulatory decreased, thus promoting an overactivated immune response, which further injures epithelium. This dysfunctional permits escape luminal bacteria, fungi endotoxin normally sterile extraintestinal sites circulation. Pre-existing dysfunction endotoxemia comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes immunosuppression predisposes aggravated endotoxemia. Bacterial translocation promote inflammation activation, characterize induced sepsis” syndrome associated multisystemic complications COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 deaths. Patients with disease (COVID-19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, even cognitive impairment, which is associated long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients COVID-19 alterations microbiota their metabolites, particularly the gut, be involved regulation of immune responses. Consumption probiotics alleviate discomfort by inflammation oxidative stress. pathophysiological process underlying alleviation COVID-19-related symptoms complications targeting unclear. In current study, we summarize latest research evidence together SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use, focus relationship between use. This work provides probiotic-based interventions improve regulating gut systemic immunity. Probiotics also used as adjuvants to efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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Alteration of the gut microbiota’s composition and metabolic output correlates with COVID-19-like severity in obese NASH hamsters

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2022

Obese patientss with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are particularly prone to developing severe forms of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The gut-to-lung axis is critical during viral infections the respiratory tract, and a change in gut microbiota's composition might have role severity. Here, we investigated consequences infection acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on microbiota context obesity NASH. To this end, set up nutritional model dyslipidemia NASH golden hamster, relevant preclinical COVID-19. Relative lean non-NASH controls, obese hamsters develop inflammation lungs liver. 16S rRNA gene profiling showed that depending diet, SARS-CoV-2 induced various changes composition. Changes were more prominent transient at day 4 post-infection animals, alterations still persisted 10 animals. A targeted, quantitative metabolomic analysis revealed metabolic output, some which diet-specific regulated over time. Our results specifically diet-associated taxa correlated parameters. Correlations between variables highlighted number potentially protective or harmful bacteria SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. In particular, (e.g. Blautia Peptococcus) associated pro-inflammatory parameters both These taxon profiles their association specific markers suggest microbial patterns influence COVID-19 outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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