Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
is
the
most
common
form
of
dementia
in
western
world,
however
there
no
cure
available
for
this
devastating
neurodegenerative
disorder.
Despite
clinical
and
experimental
evidence
implicating
intestinal
microbiota
a
number
brain
disorders,
its
impact
on
not
known.
To
end
we
sequenced
bacterial
16S
rRNA
from
fecal
samples
Aβ
precursor
protein
(APP)
transgenic
mouse
model
found
remarkable
shift
gut
as
compared
to
non-transgenic
wild-type
mice.
Subsequently
generated
germ-free
APP
mice
drastic
reduction
cerebral
amyloid
pathology
when
control
with
microbiota.
Importantly,
colonization
conventionally-raised
increased
pathology,
while
was
less
effective
increasing
levels.
Our
results
indicate
microbial
involvement
development
Abeta
suggest
that
may
contribute
diseases.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
99(4), С. 1877 - 2013
Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019
The
importance
of
the
gut-brain
axis
in
maintaining
homeostasis
has
long
been
appreciated.
However,
past
15
yr
have
seen
emergence
microbiota
(the
trillions
microorganisms
within
and
on
our
bodies)
as
one
key
regulators
function
led
to
appreciation
a
distinct
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
This
is
gaining
ever
more
traction
fields
investigating
biological
physiological
basis
psychiatric,
neurodevelopmental,
age-related,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
brain
communicate
with
each
other
via
various
routes
including
immune
system,
tryptophan
metabolism,
vagus
nerve
enteric
nervous
involving
microbial
metabolites
such
short-chain
fatty
acids,
branched
chain
amino
peptidoglycans.
Many
factors
can
influence
composition
early
life,
infection,
mode
birth
delivery,
use
antibiotic
medications,
nature
nutritional
provision,
environmental
stressors,
host
genetics.
At
extreme
diversity
diminishes
aging.
Stress,
particular,
significantly
impact
at
all
stages
life.
Much
recent
work
implicated
gut
many
conditions
autism,
anxiety,
obesity,
schizophrenia,
Parkinson’s
disease,
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Animal
models
paramount
linking
regulation
fundamental
neural
processes,
neurogenesis
myelination,
microbiome
activation
microglia.
Moreover,
translational
human
studies
are
ongoing
will
greatly
enhance
field.
Future
focus
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
attempt
elucidate
microbial-based
intervention
therapeutic
strategies
for
neuropsychiatric
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
7(1), С. 14 - 14
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2019
Each
individual
is
provided
with
a
unique
gut
microbiota
profile
that
plays
many
specific
functions
in
host
nutrient
metabolism,
maintenance
of
structural
integrity
the
mucosal
barrier,
immunomodulation,
and
protection
against
pathogens.
Gut
are
composed
different
bacteria
species
taxonomically
classified
by
genus,
family,
order,
phyla.
human's
shaped
early
life
as
their
composition
depends
on
infant
transitions
(birth
gestational
date,
type
delivery,
methods
milk
feeding,
weaning
period)
external
factors
such
antibiotic
use.
These
personal
healthy
core
native
remain
relatively
stable
adulthood
but
differ
between
individuals
due
to
enterotypes,
body
mass
index
(BMI)
level,
exercise
frequency,
lifestyle,
cultural
dietary
habits.
Accordingly,
there
not
optimal
since
it
for
each
individual.
However,
host⁻microorganism
balance
must
be
respected
order
optimally
perform
metabolic
immune
prevent
disease
development.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
studies
focus
balances
same
highlight
close
mutualistic
relationship
variations
diseases.
Indeed,
dysbiosis
associated
only
intestinal
disorders
also
numerous
extra-intestinal
diseases
neurological
disorders.
Understanding
cause
or
consequence
these
health
how
maintain
restore
should
useful
developing
promising
therapeutic
interventions.
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
form
of
dementia.
However,
etiopathogenesis
this
devastating
not
fully
understood.
Recent
studies
in
rodents
suggest
that
alterations
gut
microbiome
may
contribute
to
amyloid
deposition,
yet
microbial
communities
associated
with
AD
have
been
characterized
humans.
Towards
end,
we
bacterial
taxonomic
composition
fecal
samples
from
participants
and
without
a
diagnosis
dementia
due
AD.
Our
analyses
revealed
has
decreased
diversity
compositionally
distinct
control
age-
sex-matched
individuals.
We
identified
phylum-
through
genus-wide
differences
abundance
including
Firmicutes,
increased
Bacteroidetes,
Bifidobacterium
participants.
Furthermore,
observed
correlations
between
levels
differentially
abundant
genera
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF)
biomarkers
These
findings
add
growing
list
diseases
alterations,
as
well
be
target
for
therapeutic
intervention.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2022
Abstract
The
role
of
microbiota
in
health
and
diseases
is
being
highlighted
by
numerous
studies
since
its
discovery.
Depending
on
the
localized
regions,
can
be
classified
into
gut,
oral,
respiratory,
skin
microbiota.
microbial
communities
are
symbiosis
with
host,
contributing
to
homeostasis
regulating
immune
function.
However,
dysbiosis
lead
dysregulation
bodily
functions
including
cardiovascular
(CVDs),
cancers,
respiratory
diseases,
etc.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
knowledge
how
links
host
or
pathogenesis.
We
first
summarize
research
healthy
conditions,
gut-brain
axis,
colonization
resistance
modulation.
Then,
highlight
pathogenesis
disease
development
progression,
primarily
associated
community
composition,
modulation
response,
induction
chronic
inflammation.
Finally,
introduce
clinical
approaches
that
utilize
for
treatment,
such
as
fecal
transplantation.
