Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(6), С. 2099 - 2099

Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among metabolic, peripheral immune, central nervous systems via microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it not well understood how microbiome neurons mutually interact or these interactions affect normal functioning cognition. We summarize mechanisms whereby regulate production, transportation, neurotransmitters. also discuss dysbiosis affects function, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease.

Язык: Английский

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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 172, С. 105840 - 105840

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2021

Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in bidirectional communication between and brain suggesting microbes may shape neural development, modulate neurotransmission affect behavior, thereby contribute to pathogenesis and/or progression of many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, neurological conditions. This review summarizes recent data on microbiota-gut-brain axis pathophysiology neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, epilepsy. Also, involvement co-existing with conditions is highlighted. We discuss from both vivo preclinical experiments clinical reports including: (1) studies germ-free animals, (2) exploring composition animal models diseases or humans, (3) evaluating effects probiotic, prebiotic antibiotic treatment as well (4) fecal transplantation.

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease — from basic research to the clinic

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(8), С. 476 - 495

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Metagenomics of Parkinson’s disease implicates the gut microbiome in multiple disease mechanisms

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2022

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) may start in the gut and spread to brain. To investigate role of microbiome, we conducted a large-scale study, at high taxonomic resolution, using uniform standardized methods from end. We enrolled 490 PD 234 control individuals, deep shotgun sequencing fecal DNA, followed by metagenome-wide association studies requiring significance two (ANCOM-BC MaAsLin2) declare association, network analysis identify polymicrobial clusters, functional profiling. Here show that over 30% species, genes pathways tested have altered abundances PD, depicting widespread dysbiosis. PD-associated species form clusters grow or shrink together, some compete. microbiome is permissive, evidenced overabundance pathogens immunogenic components, dysregulated neuroactive signaling, preponderance molecules induce alpha-synuclein pathology, over-production toxicants; with reduction anti-inflammatory neuroprotective factors limiting capacity recover. validate, human findings were observed experimental models; reconcile resolve literature; provide broad foundation wealth concrete testable hypotheses discern PD.

Язык: Английский

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Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: Perspective on neurodegeneration and neuroprotection

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 38, С. 223 - 244

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2021

Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota brain functions has helped to gather important information relationship between them. Pathogenesis neurological disorders is found be associated with dysregulation gut-brain axis. Some bacteria metabolites are directly increase in reactive oxygen species levels, one most risk factors neurodegeneration. Besides their morbid association, also play a significant role reducing onset these life-threatening disorders.Studies done recent past raises two link and brain: "gut microbiota-oxidative stress-neurodegeneration" microbiota-antioxidant-neuroprotection. This review aims gives deep insight our readers, collective studies done, focusing mediated oxidative stress involved neurodegeneration along focus those showing involvement neuroprotection.This focused three main key concepts. Firstly, mounting evidences from clinical preclinical arenas shows influence resulting dysfunctional processes. Therefore, we describe potential influencing vulnerability stress, budding causative Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease. Secondly, contributing roles been observed attenuating inflammation via its own or by producing secondary and, modulation population antioxidative anti-inflammatory probiotics have shown promising neuro resilience. Thirdly, high throughput silico tools databases correlation microbiome, health, thus providing fascinating perspective new avenues for therapeutic options.

Язык: Английский

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Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(4)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

Abstract In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely increases or decreases the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is genus Faecalibacterium. Numerous studies have underscored that low levels Faecalibacterium correlated inflammatory conditions, bowel disease (IBD) forefront. Its representation also diminished case several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), dermatitis, and depression. Additionally, relative presence this considered to reflect, at least part, intestinal health status because frequently present reduced individuals gastrointestinal disorders. review, we first thoroughly describe updates taxonomy Faecalibacterium, which has transformed a single-species taxon multispecies over last decade. We then explore links discovered between various since IBD-focused were published. Next, examine current available strategies for modulating gut. Finally, summarize mechanisms underlying beneficial effects been attributed genus. Together, epidemiological experimental data strongly support use as next-generation probiotic (NGP) live biotherapeutic product (LBP).

Язык: Английский

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The Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease, a Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2021

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were often observed gastrointestinal symptoms, which preceded the onset of motor symptoms. Neuropathology PD has also been found in enteric nervous system (ENS). Many studies have reported significant PD-related alterations gut microbiota. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate differences microbiota between patients and healthy controls (HCs) across different geographical regions. We conducted a systematic online search for case-control detecting HCs. Mean difference (MD) 95% confidence interval (CI) calculated access abundance certain families PD. Fifteen included this study. Our results showed lower levels Prevotellaceae (MD = −0.37, CI −0.62 −0.11), Faecalibacterium −0.41, CI: −0.57 −0.24), Lachnospiraceae −0.34, −0.59 −0.09) compared Significant higher level Bifidobacteriaceae 0.38, 95%; 0.12 0.63), Ruminococcaceae 0.58, 0.07 1.10), Verrucomicrobiaceae 0.45, 0.21 0.69), Christensenellaceae 0.20, 0.34) Thus, shared detected These dysbiosis might lead impairment short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing process, lipid metabolism, immunoregulatory function, intestinal permeability, contribute pathogenesis

Язык: Английский

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Association of Fecal and Plasma Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids With Gut Microbiota and Clinical Severity in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 98(8)

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2022

Background and Objectives

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial metabolites that promote the disease process in a rodent model of Parkinson (PD), but fecal levels SCFAs patients with PD reduced. Simultaneous assessments plasma SCFA levels, their interrelationships process, scarce. We aimed to compare different subtypes healthy controls delineate interrelations link microbiota changes clinical severity PD.

Methods

A cohort 96 85 were recruited from National Taiwan University Hospital. Fecal concentrations measured using chromatography mass spectrometry. Gut was analyzed metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Body index medical comorbidities evaluated dietary information obtained food frequency questionnaire. To assess motor cognitive impairment, we used Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson9s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE).

Results

Compared controls, had lower higher acetate, propionate, butyrate. After adjustment for age, sex, duration, anti-PD medication dosage, MDS-UPDRS part III scores correlated reduced acetate (ρ = −0.37, p 0.012), propionate −0.32, 0.036), butyrate −0.40, 0.004) increased 0.26, 0.042) MMSE negatively −0.09, 0.027) valerate −0.032, 0.033) after confounders. SCFAs-producing bacteria positively revealed no association In patient group, abundance proinflammatory microbes, such as Clostridiales bacterium NK3B98 Ruminococcus sp AM07-15, significantly decreased SCFAs, especially propionic acid.

Discussion

Reductions observed corelated specific

Classification Evidence

This study provides Class evidence metabolite distinguish between associated

Язык: Английский

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Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Dopaminergic Signaling

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 436 - 436

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2022

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays critical role both peripherally and centrally in vital functions such as cognition, reward, satiety, voluntary motor movements, pleasure, motivation. Optimal dopamine bioavailability essential for normal brain functioning protection against the development of neurological diseases. Emerging evidence shows gut microbiota have significant roles maintaining adequate concentrations via intricate, bidirectional communication known microbiota-gut-brain axis. The vagus nerve, immune system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, microbial metabolites serve important mediators reciprocal signaling. Furthermore, contain intrinsic enzymatic activity highly involved metabolism, facilitating synthesis well its metabolite breakdown. This review examines relationship between key genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium,Enterococcus, Ruminococcus their effects on dopamine. dysbiosis subsequent impact dopamine-related pathological conditions Parkinson's disease are also discussed. Understanding modulating periphery central nervous system can help identify new therapeutic targets optimize available methods to prevent, delay, or restore dopaminergic deficits neurologic metabolic disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Main active components of Jiawei Gegen Qinlian decoction protects against ulcerative colitis under different dietary environments in a gut microbiota-dependent manner

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 170, С. 105694 - 105694

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2021

Язык: Английский

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