CL-20 analogues: Structure - Thermal stability/decomposition mechanism relationships
Energetic Materials Frontiers,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1), С. 27 - 40
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024
The
thermal
decomposition
of
a
number
analogues
hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitan
(CL-20),
in
where
one
or
more
N-nitro
groups
have
been
replaced
by
another
explosophoric
unit
(diverse
N-alkylnitramine
N-
trinitroethyl),
has
studied
methods
isothermal
and
non-isothermal
kinetics.
It
was
found
that
replacing
the
group
with
even
thermally
stable
substituent
leads
to
decrease
stability
nitrated
hexaazaisowurtzitane
framework.
suggested
distorts
symmetry
strained
cage,
which
affects
strength
N–NO2
bond.
When
less
than
parent
CL-20
is
installed,
initial
stage
degradation
determined
kinetics
this
substituent.
One
objects
study,
4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetrakis
(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)
−2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane
(8),
synthesized
for
first
time;
it
fully
characterized
also
confirmed
X-ray
structural
data.
Язык: Английский
Recent advances in the synthesis and performance of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-based energetic materials
FirePhysChem,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
3(1), С. 78 - 87
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2022
In
recent
years,
the
development
of
novel
advanced
energetic
materials
has
significantly
shifted
toward
nitrogen
heterocyclic
derivatives,
which
demonstrate
a
great
potential
for
multipurpose
application
patterns.
Among
known
heterocycles
tetrazine
ring
is
well-known
structural
scaffold
used
in
preparation
various
high-energy
materials.
The
majority
energy-rich
substances
incorporating
subunit
exhibit
high
thermal
stability,
good
detonation
performance
and
low
sensitivity
to
mechanical
stimuli
defines
their
practical
usability.
this
review,
main
achievements
on
synthesis
tetrazine-based
reported
last
decade
are
summarized.
Potential
applications
presented
compounds
especially
emphasized.
Язык: Английский
Heterocycles with Fluorinated Explosophoric Functional Groups give Energetic Materials
Patai's chemistry of functional groups,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 46
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025
Abstract
The
incorporation
of
explosophoric
functional
groups
containing
fluorine
has
been
found
to
enhance
the
overall
energetic
characteristics
heterocycles.
Fluorine‐containing
compounds
have
extensively
investigated
as
potential
high‐energy
materials.
Compared
nitrogen‐rich
heterocycles
lacking
fluorine,
those
exhibit
superior
properties
owing
their
higher
density
and
enhanced
stability.
By
combining
with
that
contain
numerous
advanced
high
energy
materials
(HEDMs)
synthesized.
This
review
is
an
overview
recent
progress
in
design
fluorine‐containing
compounds,
encompassing
data
on
synthesis
methods,
physical
attributes,
detonation
wherever
possible.
Owing
synthetic
exceptional
properties,
hold
great
for
development
highly
both
civilian
military
applications.
Язык: Английский
Trinitropyrazole derivatives: the features of thermal decomposition, combustion behaviors and mechanism
FirePhysChem,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
An Alliance of Polynitrogen Heterocycles: Novel Energetic Tetrazinedioxide-Hydroxytetrazole-Based Materials
Molecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
27(18), С. 5891 - 5891
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2022
Energetic
materials
constitute
one
of
the
most
important
subtypes
functional
used
for
various
applications.
A
promising
approach
construction
novel
thermally
stable
high-energy
is
based
on
an
assembly
polynitrogen
biheterocyclic
scaffolds.
Herein,
we
report
design
and
synthesis
a
new
series
high-nitrogen
energetic
salts
comprising
C-C
linked
6-aminotetrazinedioxide
hydroxytetrazole
frameworks.
Synthesized
were
thoroughly
characterized
by
IR
multinuclear
NMR
spectroscopy,
elemental
analysis,
single-crystal
X-ray
diffraction
differential
scanning
calorimetry.
As
result
vast
amount
formed
intra-
intermolecular
hydrogen
bonds,
prepared
ammonium
amino-1,2,4-triazolium
are
have
good
densities
1.75-1.78
g·cm-3.
All
synthesized
compounds
show
high
detonation
performance,
reaching
that
benchmark
RDX.
At
same
time,
as
compared
to
RDX,
investigated
less
friction
sensitive
due
net
bonds.
Overall,
reported
represent
perspective
subclass
secondary
explosives
unveil
further
opportunities
next-generation
materials.
Язык: Английский
Preparation of 3‐Bromo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
Helvetica Chimica Acta,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
106(4)
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023
Abstract
In
this
synthetic
procedure,
a
seven‐step
protocol
for
the
preparation
of
monosubstituted
3‐bromo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
is
presented.
The
procedure
features
efficient
transformations
and
purification
methods
starting
from
commercially
readily
available
materials
affords
title
compound
on
gram
scale
with
13
%
overall
yield
in
reliable
purity
(>97
%).
Detailed
experimental
procedures,
supported
by
images
additional
notes,
allow
valuable
advanced
building
block,
enabling
further
applications
bioconjugation,
protein
labelling,
bio‐orthogonal
chemistry,
heterocycle
syntheses,
high
energy
materials,
drug
release,
among
others.
Язык: Английский
In search of the most thermostable 1,1,1-trinitrocompounds: polynitroethyl-substituted sym-tetrazine and bistriazolotetrazine
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
149(5), С. 2119 - 2136
Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2023
Язык: Английский
A rocky road toward a suitable TNT replacement – A closer look at three promising azoles
Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
48(8)
Опубликована: Май 19, 2023
Abstract
The
goal
of
this
research
project
was
to
establish
a
literature
known
explosive,
which
can
be
used
as
future
melt‐cast
explosive.
substance
should
not
only
theoretically
suitable
substitute
but
also
meet
all
industrially
relevant
requirements.
Therefore,
intensive
executed
filter
appropriate
candidates.
three
most
promising
substances
were
re‐synthesized
verify
their
key
properties.
If
criteria
the
requirements,
synthesis
optimization
and
preindustrial
upscaling
carried
out.
Язык: Английский
Design and Synthesis of Energetic Melt‐Castable Materials by Substituent‐Specific Modification
ChemPlusChem,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
88(9)
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
With
the
increase
in
demand
for
high-performance
composite
explosives,
search
advanced
energetic
melt-castable
compounds
has
attracted
increasing
attention
field
of
materials.
Herein,
two
new
materials
with
nitromethyl
and
azidomethyl
substituents
(1-(nitromethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole
(NMDNP)
1-(azidomethyl)-3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazole
(AMDNP)
were
prepared
by
substituent
modification
a
potential
molecule
((3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)
methyl
nitrate,
MC-4),
respectively.
NMDNP
exhibited
suitable
melting
point
(90
°C),
good
thermal
stability
(Td
:
185
°C)
excellent
detonation
performance
(8484
m
s-1
)
impact
sensitivity
(25
J),
thereby
demonstrating
promise
as
an
material.
Simultaneously,
compared
nitrato-methyl
substituents,
greater
advantages
regulating
performance.
Язык: Английский
CL-20 Analogs: Structure - Thermal Stability/Decomposition Mechanism Relationships
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
The
thermal
decomposition
of
a
number
analogues
hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitan
(CL-20),
in
where
one
or
more
N-nitro
groups
have
been
replaced
by
another
explosophoric
unit
(diverse
N-alkylnitramine
N-
trinitroethyl),
has
studied
methods
isothermal
and
non-isothermal
kinetics.
It
was
found
that
replacing
the
group
with
even
thermally
stable
substituent
leads
to
decrease
stability
nitrated
hexaazaisowurtzitane
framework.
suggested
distorts
symmetry
strained
cage,
which
affects
strength
N-NO2
bond.
When
less
than
parent
CL-20
is
installed,
initial
stage
degradation
determined
kinetics
this
substituent.
One
objects
study,
4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetrakis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)
-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane
(8),
synthesized
for
first
time;
it
fully
characterized
also
confirmed
X-ray
structural
data.
Язык: Английский