Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2022

Abstract Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis prognosis prediction. Exosomes are subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient play crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest exosomes have great promise serve novel biomarkers liquid since large quantities enriched body fluids involved numerous physiological pathological processes. However, the further clinical application been greatly restrained lack high-quality separation component analysis methods. This review aims provide comprehensive overview on conventional technologies exosome isolation, characterization content detection. Additionally, roles serving potential biopsy diagnosis, treatment monitoring, prediction summarized. Finally, prospects challenges applying exosome-based precision medicine evaluated.

Язык: Английский

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Aptamer-Based Detection of Circulating Targets for Precision Medicine

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 121(19), С. 12035 - 12105

Опубликована: Март 5, 2021

The past decade has witnessed ongoing progress in precision medicine to improve human health. As an emerging diagnostic technique, liquid biopsy can provide real-time, comprehensive, dynamic physiological and pathological information a noninvasive manner, opening new window for medicine. Liquid depends on the sensitive reliable detection of circulating targets (e.g., cells, extracellular vesicles, proteins, microRNAs) from body fluids, performance which is largely governed by recognition ligands. Aptamers are single-stranded functional oligonucleotides, capable folding into unique tertiary structures bind their with superior specificity affinity. Their mature evolution procedure, facile modification, affinity regulation, as well versatile structural design engineering, make aptamers ideal ligands biopsy. In this review, we present broad overview aptamer-based techniques We begin recent advances aptamer selection, followed summary state-of-the-art strategies multivalent assembly interface modification. will further describe micro-/nanoisolation platforms, aptamer-enabled release methods, aptamer-assisted signal amplification strategies. Finally, our perspectives regarding opportunities challenges

Язык: Английский

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Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Exosomes, a nano-sized subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted from almost all living cells, are capable transferring cell-specific constituents the source cell to recipient cell. Cumulative evidence has revealed exosomes play an irreplaceable role in prognostic, diagnostic, and even therapeutic aspects. A method that can efficiently provide intact pure samples is first step both exosome-based liquid biopsies therapeutics. Unfortunately, common exosomal separation techniques suffer operation complexity, time consumption, large sample volumes low purity, posing significant challenges for downstream analysis. Efficient, simple, affordable methods isolate crucial carrying out relevant researches. In last decade, emerging technologies, especially microfluidic chips, have proposed superior strategies exosome isolation exhibited fascinating performances. While many excellent reviews overviewed various methods, compressive review including updated/improved indispensable. Herein, we overview properties, biogenesis, contents, functions. Then, briefly outline conventional technologies discuss clinical applications these technologies. Finally, large-scale GMP production engineered open up future perspectives next-generation Exo-devices cancer diagnosis treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes death worldwide, and factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. This review focuses on role exosomes in cancer therapy. We discuss how able modulate components tumor microenvironment influence proliferation migration rates cells. also highlight that, depending their cargo, suppress or promote cell enhance reduce response radio- chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe trigger chronic inflammation lead immune evasion by focusing ability transfer non-coding RNAs between cells other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN PI3K/Akt cancer. Subsequently, use carriers anti-tumor agents genetic tools control progression. then tumor-derived carcinogenesis. Finally, devote a section study diagnostic prognostic clinical courses important treatment patients. provides comprehensive understanding therapy, therapeutic value remodeling microenvironment. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2020

Abstract Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests exosomes participate in intercellular communication act as important molecular vehicles the regulation numerous physiological pathological processes, including cancer development. released by various cell types under both normal conditions, they can be found multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, carrying wide variety macromolecules provide window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers diagnosis, prediction, surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility low immunogenicity cytotoxicity, have clinical applications development innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances technologies exosome isolation research. We outline functions regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, immune modulation context Finally, discuss prospects challenges exosome-based therapeutics.

Язык: Английский

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Bioactive DNA from extracellular vesicles and particles

Cell Death and Disease, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(7)

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2020

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) have recently emerged as active carriers of molecular biomarkers mediators intercellular communication. While most investigations focused exclusively on the protein, lipid RNA constituents these extracellular entities, EV/EP DNA remains poorly understood, despite being found in association with virtually all populations. The functional potential has been proposed a number pathological states, including malignancies autoimmune diseases. Moreover, effectiveness cell-free biomarker choice emerging liquid biopsy applications highlights role that may play novel disease biomarker. In this review, we provide comprehensive overview studies conducted to date, particular focus roles mediator various pathologic states. We also review what is currently known about origins, structure, localisation distribution DNA, highlighting current controversies well opportunities for future investigation.

Язык: Английский

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Liquid biopsy at the frontier of detection, prognosis and progression monitoring in colorectal cancer

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2022

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause carcinogenic death. To date, surgical resection regarded as gold standard by operator for clinical decisions. Because conventional tissue biopsy invasive only small sample can sometimes be obtained, it unable to represent heterogeneity tumor or dynamically monitor progression. Therefore, there an urgent need find new minimally noninvasive diagnostic strategy detect CRC at early stage recurrence. Over past years, concept called “liquid biopsy” has gained much attention. Liquid noninvasive, allowing repeated analysis real-time monitoring recurrence, metastasis therapeutic responses. With advanced development molecular techniques in CRC, circulating cells (CTCs), DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, tumor-educated platelet (TEP) detection have achieved interesting inspiring results prominent liquid markers. In this review, we focused on some applications CTCs, ctDNA, exosomes TEPs discuss promising future solve unmet needs patients.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as drug delivery systems: A brief overview and progress update

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 154, С. 259 - 269

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(2), С. 577 - 594

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound subpopulation of extracellular vesicles derived from plasma membrane. The main activity exosomes is cellular communication. In cancer, play an important rolefrom two distinct perspectives, one related to carcinogenesis and other as theragnostic drug delivery tools. outer phospholipid membrane Exosome improves targeting efficiency. . Some vital features such biocompatibility, low toxicity, immunogenicity make it a more exciting system. Exosome-based new innovative approach cancer treatment. Exosome-associated biomarker analysis heralded era diagnostics in specific way. This Review focuses on exosome biogenesis, sources, isolation, interrelationship with exosome-related biomarkers, loading methods, exosome-based biomolecule delivery, advances limitations clinical settings studies. understanding will change diagnostic therapeutic future.

Язык: Английский

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Microfluidic‐Based Exosome Analysis for Liquid Biopsy

Small Methods, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2021

Liquid biopsy offers non-invasive and real-time molecular profiling of individual patients, is thus considered a revolutionary technology in precision medicine. Exosomes have been acknowledged as significant biomarkers liquid biopsy, they play central role cell-cell communication are closely related to the pathogenesis most human malignancies. Nevertheless, biofluids exosomes always co-exist with other particles, cargo components highly heterogeneous. Thus, isolation characterization still technically challenging. Microfluidics effectively addresses this challenge by virtue its inherent advantages, such precise manipulation fluids, low consumption samples reagents, high level integration. Recent advances microfluidics allow situ exosome capture detection unprecedented selectivity sensitivity. In review, state-of-the-art developments microfluidics-based research, including approaches strategies, highlights exosomal cancer summarized. The major challenges also discussed some perspectives for future directions exosome-based microfluidic systems presented.

Язык: Английский

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