Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

European Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 63(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Abstract Background The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of countries most severely affected, entered “lockdown” on March 8, 2020. Methods COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites National Institute Health. whole study three different phases. first phase online survey conducted between May 2020 in population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, media, mailing lists universities, national medical associations, associations stakeholders (e.g., users/carers). evaluate impact depressive, anxiety stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for propensity score. Results final sample consisted 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% respondents ( N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely levels depressive 17.6% 3,627) symptoms 41.6% 8,619) feel at least moderately stressed by situation DASS-21. According models, significantly worsened from week April 9–15 30 4 p < 0.0001). Moreover, female people with pre-existing mental health problems higher risk developing depression Conclusions Although physical isolation represent essential public measures containing spread COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat well-being general As integral part response, needs should be addressed.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing Race in Quantitative Health Sciences Research

The Annals of Family Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(2), С. 157 - 163

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022

Differences in health outcomes across racial groups are among the most commonly reported findings disparities research. Often, these studies do not explicitly connect observed to mechanisms of systemic racism that drive adverse racialized and other marginalized United States. Without this connection, investigators inadvertently support harmful narratives biologic essentialism or cultural inferiority pathologize identities inhibit equity. This paper outlines pitfalls conceptualization, contextualization, operationalization race quantitative population research provides recommendations on how appropriately engage scientific inquiry aimed at understanding inequities. Race should be used as a measure difference, but rather proxy for exposure racism. Future go beyond use directly its impacts. VISUAL ABSTRACT Appeared Annals "Online First" article.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures-mainly physical distancing isolation-are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of general population worldwide. In particular, frustration, loneliness, worries about future are common reactions represent well-known risk factors for several disorders, including anxiety, affective, post-traumatic stress disorders. vast majority available studies have been conducted in China, where started. Italy has severely hit by pandemic, socio-cultural context is completely different from Eastern countries. Therefore, there need methodologically rigorous aiming to evaluate impact quarantine measures Italian population. fact, our results will help us develop appropriate interventions managing psychosocial pandemic. "COVID-IT-mental trial" a no-profit, not-funded, national, multicentric, cross-sectional population-based trial which following aims: a) population; b) identify main areas be targeted supportive long-term categories people exposed Data collected through web-platform using validated assessment tools. Participants subdivided into four groups: Group 1-COVID-19 group. This group includes quarantined but not isolated, i.e., those directly contagion nor contact with COVID-19+ individuals; 2-COVID-19+ group, isolated directly/indirectly virus; c) 3-COVID-19 healthcare staff first- second-line professionals; d) 4-COVID-19 health, users services all who had already diagnosed disorder. Mental worldwide prepared yet manage short- It necessary clear picture that this new stressor well-being order disseminate other at-risk groups.

Язык: Английский

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Maternal prenatal stress phenotypes associate with fetal neurodevelopment and birth outcomes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 116(48), С. 23996 - 24005

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2019

Significance Despite decades of prenatal programming research showing that “the womb may be more important than the home” with respect to offspring health outcomes, no studies which we are aware have considered multiple indicators maternal stress identify types most influence developing offspring. This study’s key contributions include use a data-driven procedure specify stress—psychological and subclinical physical indicators—that predict outcomes including sex at birth, risk preterm fetal neurodevelopment. Social support is factor differentiating groups malleable intervention target improve outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

JAMA Cardiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(2), С. 228 - 228

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially harmful events that occur during childhood, spanning neglect, physical or sexual abuse, parental separation, death, among others. At least 50% of the US adult population has experienced 1 more ACEs before age 18 years, but in clinical practice, remain underrecognized. Adults who have at increased risk developing health behaviors and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes evidence regarding association with CVD and accompanying diagnostic therapeutic approaches population.ACEs commonly classified into 3 domains: abuse (psychological, physical, sexual), household dysfunction (eg, substance use by members, mental illness, separation), neglect. These elicit chronic activation stress response system, leading to autonomic, neuroendocrine, inflammatory dysfunction. The subsequent development traditional factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, results onset premature mortality. 4 compared those none a than 2-fold higher an almost mortality.Identifying methods mitigating consequences may lead better outcomes. Inquiry ACE exposure encounters referral psychological services when appropriate be helpful, strategies aimed prevention via management adults continue lack adequate evidence.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroscience of Psychotherapy

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review

Current Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22(4), С. 557 - 635

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Abstract: This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in understanding and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Over last four decades, scientific landscape has matured, with many interdisciplinary contributions to its diagnosis, etiology, epidemiology. Advances genetics, neurobiology, stress pathophysiology, brain imaging have made it apparent that chronic PTSD is a systemic disorder high allostatic load. The current state includes wide variety pharmacological psychotherapeutic approaches, which are evidence-based. However, myriad challenges inherent disorder, such as individual barriers good outcome, comorbidity, emotional dysregulation, suicidality, dissociation, substance use, trauma-related guilt shame, often render response suboptimal. These discussed drivers for emerging novel including early interventions Golden Hours, interventions, medication augmentation use psychedelics, well targeting nervous system. All this aims improve symptom relief clinical outcomes. Finally, phase orientation recognized tool strategize position step progression pathophysiology. Revisions guidelines systems care will be needed incorporate innovative treatments evidence emerges they become mainstream. generation well-positioned address devastating disabling impact traumatic events through holistic, cutting-edge efforts research.

Язык: Английский

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The Intergenerational Impact of Structural Racism and Cumulative Trauma on Depression

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 179(6), С. 434 - 440

Опубликована: Май 23, 2022

Depression among individuals who have been racially and ethnically minoritized in the United States can be vastly different from that of non-Hispanic White Americans. For example, African American adults depression rate their symptoms as more severe, a longer course illness, experience depression-associated disability. The purpose this review was to conceptualize how structural racism cumulative trauma fundamental drivers intergenerational transmission depression. authors propose understanding risk factors for depression, particularly its reach, requires accounting racism. In light profoundly experiences Americans (i.e., persistent illness greater disability), it is critical examine whether an emerging explanation some these differences disorder due

Язык: Английский

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Post‐traumatic stress disorder: evolving conceptualization and evidence, and future research directions

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1), С. 52 - 80

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

The understanding of responses to traumatic events has been greatly influenced by the introduction diagnosis post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper we review initial versions diagnostic criteria for condition and associated epidemiological findings, including sociocultural differences. We consider evidence reactions occurring in multiple contexts not previously defined as traumatic, implications that these observations have diagnosis. More recent developments such DSM‐5 dissociative subtype ICD‐11 complex PTSD are reviewed, adding there several distinct phenotypes. describe psychological foundations PTSD, involving disturbances memory well identity. A broader focus on identity may be able accommodate group communal influences experience trauma impact resource loss. then summarize current concerning biological with a particular genetic neuroimaging studies. Whereas progress prevention disappointing, is now an extensive supporting efficacy variety treatments established trauma‐focused interventions – cognitive behavior therapy (TF‐CBT) eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) non‐trauma‐focused therapies, which also include some emerging identity‐based approaches present‐centered compassion‐focused therapies. Additionally, promising neither nor pharmacological, or combine pharmacological approach, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐assisted psychotherapy. advances priority areas adapting resource‐limited settings across cultural contexts, community‐based approaches. conclude identifying future directions work mental health.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic signatures of intergenerational exposure to violence in three generations of Syrian refugees

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Maternal trauma influences infant and adult health outcomes may impact future generations through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation (DNAm). Research in humans on the intergenerational transmission of effects is limited. In this study, we assessed DNAm signatures war-related violence by comparing germline, prenatal, direct exposures to across three Syrian refugees. We compared families which a pregnant grandmother versus mother was exposed included control group with no exposure war. collected buccal swab samples survey data from mothers 1-2 children each 48 (n = 131 participants). Based an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), identified differentially methylated regions (DMPs): 14 were associated germline 21 violence. Most DMPs showed same directionality change exposures, suggesting common response Additionally, age acceleration prenatal children, highlighting critical period utero development. This first report signature violence, has important implications for understanding inheritance trauma.

Язык: Английский

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