Frontiers in Animal Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024
Reptile
expos
are
typically
itinerant
events
at
which
live
wild-caught
and/or
captive-bred
turtles,
tortoises,
crocodiles,
lizards,
and
snakes
displayed,
sold,
or
exchanged
for
pet
keeping
purposes.
We
conducted
a
literature
review
analysis
of
reports
regarding
animal
welfare
public
health
issues
concern
associated
with
the
display
sale
reptiles
in
Europe
North
America.
also
limited
survey
several
relevant
government
authorities
to
briefly
appraise
existing
situations
governance
law
internationally,
performed
further
examination
online
advertisements
order
estimate
number
events.
In
addition,
we
an
comparing
husbandry
standards
reptile
versus
other
using
UK
formal
legal
guidance,
adopts
Five
Welfare
Needs
as
basis.
Finally,
SWOT
(strengths,
weaknesses,
opportunities,
threats)
key
features
expos.
identified
least
10
5
safety
problems
occurring
endemic
typical
operation
Comparisons
between
ways
regarded
managed
relation
to,
example,
traditional
zoos,
mobile
sales
stark
concerning,
constituting
protective
potentially
most
harmful
out
all
captive
reptile-keeping
scenarios.
The
lack
monitoring
control
expos,
combined
their
frequent
occurrence,
strongly
indicates
requirement
urgently
prohibit
these
recommend
that
where
already
essentially
prohibited
such
bans
should
be
immutable
not
subject
any
weakening
provisions.
Where
permitted
limiting
conditions,
then
our
recommended
40
stipulations
overarching
principles
applied
interim
mitigating
measures
pending
introduction
prohibitions
‘bans’.
Governments
aim
ensure
enforcement
is
robust.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
533(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
The
effects
of
environmental
enrichment
have
been
well
documented
in
mammals
and
birds,
but
less
work
has
focused
on
reptiles.
Because
snakes
are
common
captivity,
both
as
pets
research/commercial
facilities,
it
is
critical
to
explore
how
they
react
standard
captive
housing.
Here,
we
examined
the
brain
development
a
popular
pet
snake
species,
western
hognose
(Heterodon
nasicus).
Hognose
(n
=
15)
were
individually
housed
for
one
year
either
enriched
or
environments
before
their
brains
harvested
imaged
using
MRI.
We
found
that
had
significantly
larger
volumes
compared
snakes,
most
prominently
posterior
regions.
In
addition,
observed
sex-specific
investments:
grew
larger,
males
displayed
relatively
cerebral
hemispheres,
females
These
results
suggest
encouraging
healthy
plasticity
very
similar
birds.
Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(2), С. 25 - 25
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025
Ongoing
research
on
the
effectiveness
of
enrichment
at
species,
group,
and
individual
levels
is
beneficial
to
our
growing
understanding
animal
welfare
behaviour
for
animals
housed
in
human
care.
Diversifying
opportunities
offered
facilities
such
as
zoos
aquariums
helps
encourage
a
wide
repertoire
species-typical,
naturalistic,
rewarding
behaviours.
The
present
study
aimed
examine
behavioural
impact
novel
food
(ice
blocks,
gelatine,
eggs)
non-food
(lavender,
clean
sheets,
mirrors)
strategies
two
zoo-housed
prides
African
lions
(Panthera
leo)
rotation-based
enclosure
system
Orana
Wildlife
Park,
New
Zealand.
results
indicate
that,
while
both
forms
had
impact,
effects
varied
with
type
used,
between
within
categories.
Different
their
impacts
resting
behaviour,
locomotion,
exploration
lions.
An
increased
focus
specific
outcomes
various
essential
expand
efficacy
programs
future
efforts
improve
wellbeing
animals.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(6), С. e0322682 - e0322682
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2025
Complex
or
naturalistic
enclosures
have
become
increasingly
accepted
as
those
best-suited
to
improve
an
animal’s
welfare.
However,
designing
such
can
be
difficult
if
little
is
known
about
the
animal
in
wild,
and
that
aim
replicate
natural
habitats
must
still
assessed
ensure
their
assumed
benefits
are
realized.
Therefore,
this
study
examined
behaviour
physiology
of
captive-bred
bearded
dragons
(
Pogona
vitticeps
)
living
naturalistic-
standard-style
enclosures.
First,
we
whether
naturalistic-style
better
accommodated
a
lizard’s
by
examining
lizards
these
were
inactive
for
similar
amount
time
wild
counterparts,
they
used
more
evenly
than
standard-housed
lizards,
provided
thermal
heterogeneity
standard
Then,
improved
welfare
behaviours
related
stress
relaxation
well
heterophil
lymphocyte
(H:L)
ratios.
Although
did
offer
heterogeneity,
evidence
was
equivocal:
spent
majority
day
inactive,
one
area
enclosure,
performed
amounts
relaxation,
regardless
enclosure
style.
Furthermore,
H:L
ratios
only
lower
female
Our
results
may
been
influenced
timeline
data
collection
but
could
also
suggest
sufficient
P.
,
perceive
standard-
similar,
potential
hampered
enclosure’s
size.
Ultimately,
it
apparent
structural
complexity
alone
insufficient
influence
lizard
welfare,
highlighting
importance
considering
motivations
throughout
life
aspects
other
enrichment
effective
design.
Abstract
Zoos
and
aquaria
are
paying
increasing
attention
to
environmental
enrichment,
which
has
proven
an
effective
tool
for
the
improvement
of
animal
welfare.
However,
several
ongoing
issues
have
hampered
progress
in
enrichment
research.
Foremost
among
these
is
taxonomic
bias,
hinders
our
understanding
value
neglected
groups,
such
as
reptiles.
In
this
study,
we
evaluated
status
reptiles
European
zoos
using
a
survey
approach.
A
total
121
(32%
response
rate)
completed
main
survey,
focusing
on
use
different
types
We
found
significant
differences
and/or
type
between
reptile
groups.
Tortoises
(family
Testudinidae)
monitor
lizards
(genus
Varanus
)
were
most
enriched
taxa
while
venomous
snakes
least.
The
used
across
structural/habitat
design
dietary.
second,
more
detailed,
questionnaire
followed,
where
participants
questioned
about
specific
techniques.
42
methods
reported,
with
two
being
represented
all
taxa:
structural/thermal
complexity
objects.
Finally,
present
information
from
participating
goals,
assessment
methods,
sources
ideas,
whether
considered
essential
implemented
routinely.
Results
suggest
that,
although
usage
widespread
zoos,
needs
be
re-evaluated,
since
many
techniques
reported
tread
fine
line
basic
husbandry
actual
enrichment.
