Partner Switching and Metabolic Carbon Flux under Thermal Stress in the Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis DOI Creative Commons

Evan M. Heit

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

<p><strong>Reef corals depend heavily on their symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, which are primary source metabolic energy and hence allow them to survive in oligotrophic tropical seas. The between these two partners is exceptionally sensitive environmental change, however, global warming known induce dysbiosis (i.e., breakdown symbiosis) a process referred as ‘coral bleaching’. adaptive bleaching hypothesis posits that host may acquire new dominant Symbiodiniaceae species after event, either from shift relative abundance resident symbionts (‘shuffling’) or uptake environment (‘switching’), better equipping holobiont whole for regime. However, different symbiont types have nutritional implications coral, potentially limiting potential partner shuffling switching. Energy-rich carbon compounds primarily provided by coral glucose, glycerol, lipids. Yet, it poorly understood how climate change impacts this translocation identity influences response. This thesis, therefore, addressed topic, using sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’), globally adopted model system study cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.</strong></p><p>First, I aimed quantify compare pools carbon-based metabolites under thermal stress symbiont, focusing total carbohydrates (Chapter 2). It was hypothesized (33 °C) would cause decline various metabolites, likely due decreased photosynthetic function host, combined elevated catabolism stress. Metabolites were measured range commercially available metabolite-specific assay kits. As predicted, at high temperature, glucose glycerol remained constant even increased controls. latter observation consistent gluconeogenesis synthesis likes glycerol) response demands temperatures. other hand, use metabolite an osmolyte moderator cellular While test-kit approach used here associated considerable amount inter-sample variability, nevertheless confirmed added previous observations gained much more expensive, technically complex metabolomics methods.</p><p>I then compared photosynthates Aiptasia low, control, temperature (15, 25, 33 oC), when colonized Breviolum minutum, only through Indo-Pacific region (the here), Durusdinium trenchii psygmophilum 3). D. thermally tolerant but opportunistic not typically Aiptasia, while often temperate sub-tropical species, including western Atlantic Ocean. B. minutum translocate photosynthate its control out-perform low temperatures, respectively. To test this, radiotracer (NaH14CO3) measure fixation translocation. Contrary expectations, anemones hosting bleached completely both population density controls, containing did bleach extensively those confirming reputation former ‘thermal generalist.’ With respect metabolism, performed similarly slightly out-performed across all though most benefit temperature. had major influence flux lessening impact bleaching. Specifically, facilitated proportionally higher rates symbiont-cell specific photosynthesis translocation, presumably reduced competition CO2, such heat-stressed continued receive similar amounts controls.</p><p>In summary, thesis demonstrates type metabolism symbiosis. Most interestingly, my findings highlight importance research processes underlie physiology generalists aid adaptation reef natural development tools conservation.</p>

Язык: Английский

Spatially restricted coral bleaching as an ecological manifestation of within-colony heterogeneity DOI Creative Commons
Christian R. Voolstra, Marlen Schlotheuber, Emma F. Camp

и другие.

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Paired metabolomics and volatilomics provides insight into transient high light stress response mechanisms of the coral Montipora mollis DOI Creative Commons
Natasha Bartels, J. L. Matthews, Caitlin A. Lawson

и другие.

Metabolomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

The coral holobiont is underpinned by complex metabolic exchanges between different symbiotic partners, which are impacted environmental stressors. chemical diversity of the compounds produced high and includes primary secondary metabolites, as well volatiles. However, metabolites volatiles have only been characterised in isolation so far. Here, we applied a paired metabolomic-volatilomic approach to characterise holistically response under stress. Montipora mollis fragments were subjected high-light stress (8-fold higher than controls) for 30 min. Photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency values 7-fold control versus treatment corals immediately following exposure, but returned pre-stress levels after min recovery. Under stress, identified an increase carbohydrates (> 5-fold arabinose fructose) saturated fatty acids (7-fold myristic oleic acid), together with decrease acid derivatives both (e.g., 80% oleamide nonanal), other antioxidants (~ 85% sorbitol galactitol). These changes suggest short-term light induces oxidative Correlation analysis positive links sorbitol, galactitol, six 11 volatiles, four these previously antioxidants. This suggests that 19 may be related share similar functions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how metabolomics-volatilomics illuminate broader shifts occurring identify linkages uncharacterised putatively determine their

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
An evolving roadmap: using mitochondrial physiology to help guide conservation efforts DOI Creative Commons
Elisa Thoral, Neal J. Dawson, Stefano Bettinazzi

и другие.

Conservation Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract The crucial role of aerobic energy production in sustaining eukaryotic life positions mitochondrial processes as key determinants an animal's ability to withstand unpredictable environments. advent new techniques facilitating the measurement function offers increasingly promising tool for conservation approaches. Herein, we synthesize current knowledge on links between bioenergetics, ecophysiology and local adaptation, expanding them wider physiology field. We discuss recent findings linking cellular bioenergetics whole-animal fitness, context climate change. summarize topics, questions, methods, pitfalls caveats help provide a comprehensive roadmap studying mitochondria from perspective. Our overall aim is guide natural populations, outlining methods that could be most useful assess

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Changing nutritional seascapes of kelp forests DOI Creative Commons
Tanika C. Shalders, Curtis Champion, Kirsten Benkendorff

и другие.

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

Ocean warming and short-term extreme events (e.g. marine heatwaves) are becoming more intense frequent have had major impacts on ecosystems. Seaweeds foundational components of temperate reefs, providing nutrition for a diversity species underpinning food webs. While the climate-driven environmental change seaweed distribution, abundance interactions well studied, potential provision nutrients from seaweeds their availability to consumers remain poorly understood. Here, we use metabolomic lipidomic approaches understand how key may be altered under climate change. We optimize small-scale microextraction technique test effects heatwaves nutritional quality two Australian habitat-forming seaweeds; Ecklonia Sargassum . then model changes in lipid response ocean throughout ’s eastern distribution. Contrary expectations, limited quality, indicating resilience value these warming. However, varied significantly between species, which presents new implications predicted redistributions base chain. Modelling revealed projected net loss 3.5% lipids across east coast Australia by 2100 RCP 8.5 shifts redistribution biomass. The is likely alter seaweed-derived consumers, broad transfer energy within

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Distinct emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds from temperate benthic taxa DOI
Axel Olander, Jean‐Baptiste Raina, Caitlin A. Lawson

и другие.

Metabolomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Substrate attachment in colonial Scleractinia DOI Creative Commons
Brett M. Lewis

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

This thesis investigates the complexities of asexual reproduction and substrate attachment in modern reef-building coral (Scleractinia). Chapter 1 employs innovative imaging techniques, including 3D volume microscopy (PFIB), to explore cell ultrastructure, immune response, tissue behaviours crucial for attachment. In 2, study defines when achieves mechanical self-sustainability against external forces. It unveils species-specific resistance thresholds, providing timelines self-attachment enhancing fragmentation-based reef restoration methods. 3 cutting-edge enhance understanding newly discovered lappet-like appendage, emphasizing its evolutionary importance emergence coral.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
The volatilome of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis DOI Open Access

Margaret Wuerz

Опубликована: Май 20, 2023

<p><b>With a rapidly changing environment, understanding the endosymbiotic relationship between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is crucial to elucidate ways in which corals may respond future conditions. At basis of this symbiosis exchange metabolites signalling molecules partners, all contribute establishment, maintenance, ultimately dissociation important relationship. A subset metabolites, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are low molecular weight, weakly lipophilic that diffuse quickly through water air, making them potential candidates for inter-species interactions. This thesis sought characterise patterns BVOC generation cnidarian-dinoflagellate across symbiotic states thermal dysfunction model cnidarian Aiptasia (Exaiptasia diaphana). </b></p> <p>In Chapter 2, I characterised suite BVOCs (collectively, ‘volatilome’) emitted by system symbiosis, each partner isolation. Relative anemones, volatilome cultured symbionts (Breviolum minutum) was more distinct than it aposymbiotic (symbiont-free) suggesting alters physiological state dinoflagellate dramatically Aiptasia. For example, B. minutum produced dimethyl sulphide (DMS) highest abundance, while anemones halogenated methanes like bromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, tribromomethane trichloromethane, regardless state. Alternatively, relative lack alteration host, state, suggest high degree metabolic integration partners. </p> 3, examined role symbiont identity on microbiome Microbiome analysis revealed populations bacteria with family Vibrionaceae being most abundant anemones. As prominent members bacterial pathogens, higher proportion could indicate disease susceptibility volatilomes those native minutum, non-native Durusdinium trenchii indistinct from either aposymbiosis or minutum. suggests presence known form sub-optimal potentially stressful impacts metabolome. Indeed, isoprene containing abundance aldehydes octanal, nonanal dodecanal, these as biomarkers.</p> 4, investigated impact stress its Aposymbiotic were exposed control (25 °C), sub-bleaching (30 °C) bleaching (33.5 temperatures. In both observed restructuring 25 °C 33.5 °C, at 30 exhibiting an intermediate consistent previous experiments showing microbiota can shift response environmental Anemones number significantly different BVOCs, including acetone naphthalene. contrast, temperature lower treatments, largely driven quantities sulphide, eucalyptol 1-iodododecane. Overall, exhibited decline richness progressively temperatures, perhaps revealing onset collapse; decrease not temperature, stabilising effect endosymbionts. 5, describe method assess chemotactic responses Symbiodiniaceae, defined tryptone positive Cladocopium spp., D. trenchii. assessed spp. pervasive marine metabolite dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), volatiles bromodichloromethane (BrCl2CH) diiodomethane (I2CH2). Despite their production neither BrCl2CH nor I2CH2 elicited sp. The precursor (DMS), multifunctional widespread DMSP has functions osmoregulation, antioxidant defence acts chemoattractant multiple organisms. found that, repelled DMSP, did chemotactically molecule. These differing species Symbiodiniaceae reflect chemical cues used locate establish new hosts, adds literature describing functional diversity <p>Collectively, my elucidates synthesis release stress. foundational study provides platform explore roles identified associates. Additionally, non-invasive technology volatilomics applied here serve identify biomarkers ecosystem health natural habitats. Ultimately, work contributes our altered time when coral reefs threatened extinction.</p>

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Partner Switching and Metabolic Carbon Flux under Thermal Stress in the Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis DOI Creative Commons

Evan M. Heit

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

<p><strong>Reef corals depend heavily on their symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae, which are primary source metabolic energy and hence allow them to survive in oligotrophic tropical seas. The between these two partners is exceptionally sensitive environmental change, however, global warming known induce dysbiosis (i.e., breakdown symbiosis) a process referred as ‘coral bleaching’. adaptive bleaching hypothesis posits that host may acquire new dominant Symbiodiniaceae species after event, either from shift relative abundance resident symbionts (‘shuffling’) or uptake environment (‘switching’), better equipping holobiont whole for regime. However, different symbiont types have nutritional implications coral, potentially limiting potential partner shuffling switching. Energy-rich carbon compounds primarily provided by coral glucose, glycerol, lipids. Yet, it poorly understood how climate change impacts this translocation identity influences response. This thesis, therefore, addressed topic, using sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’), globally adopted model system study cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.</strong></p><p>First, I aimed quantify compare pools carbon-based metabolites under thermal stress symbiont, focusing total carbohydrates (Chapter 2). It was hypothesized (33 °C) would cause decline various metabolites, likely due decreased photosynthetic function host, combined elevated catabolism stress. Metabolites were measured range commercially available metabolite-specific assay kits. As predicted, at high temperature, glucose glycerol remained constant even increased controls. latter observation consistent gluconeogenesis synthesis likes glycerol) response demands temperatures. other hand, use metabolite an osmolyte moderator cellular While test-kit approach used here associated considerable amount inter-sample variability, nevertheless confirmed added previous observations gained much more expensive, technically complex metabolomics methods.</p><p>I then compared photosynthates Aiptasia low, control, temperature (15, 25, 33 oC), when colonized Breviolum minutum, only through Indo-Pacific region (the here), Durusdinium trenchii psygmophilum 3). D. thermally tolerant but opportunistic not typically Aiptasia, while often temperate sub-tropical species, including western Atlantic Ocean. B. minutum translocate photosynthate its control out-perform low temperatures, respectively. To test this, radiotracer (NaH14CO3) measure fixation translocation. Contrary expectations, anemones hosting bleached completely both population density controls, containing did bleach extensively those confirming reputation former ‘thermal generalist.’ With respect metabolism, performed similarly slightly out-performed across all though most benefit temperature. had major influence flux lessening impact bleaching. Specifically, facilitated proportionally higher rates symbiont-cell specific photosynthesis translocation, presumably reduced competition CO2, such heat-stressed continued receive similar amounts controls.</p><p>In summary, thesis demonstrates type metabolism symbiosis. Most interestingly, my findings highlight importance research processes underlie physiology generalists aid adaptation reef natural development tools conservation.</p>

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0