EVOLUTION AND MEASUREMENT OF SPECIES DIVERSITY

Taxon, Год журнала: 1972, Номер 21(2-3), С. 213 - 251

Опубликована: Май 1, 1972

Summary Given a resource gradient (e.g. light intensity, prey size) in community, species evolve to use different parts of this gradient; competition between them is thereby reduced. Species relationships the community may be conceived terms multidimensional coordinate system, axes which are various gradients (and other aspects space, time, and one another community). This system defines hyperspace, range space that given occupies its niche hypervolume, as an abstract characterization intra‐community position, or niche. toward difference niche, consequently location their hypervolumes hyperspace. Through evolutionary time additional can fit into from those species, hyperspace become increasingly complex. Its complexity relates community's richness alpha diversity. differ proportions they able occupy share resources utilize. The utilized expressed species' productivities, when ranked by relative productivity (or some measurement) most least important, importance‐value dominance‐diversity curves formed. Three types represent manners divided among species: (a) pre‐emption with strong dominance, geometric series, (b) random boundaries niches, MacArthur distribution, (c) determination importance many factors, so form frequency distribution on logarithmic base values, lognormal distribution. forms do not permit inference about division, but interest for expression bearing measurement

Язык: Английский

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Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic processes across scales

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2011, Номер 366(1576), С. 2351 - 2363

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2011

Deterministic theories in community ecology suggest that local, niche-based processes, such as environmental filtering, biotic interactions and interspecific trade-offs largely determine patterns of species diversity composition. In contrast, more stochastic emphasize the importance chance colonization, random extinction ecological drift. The schisms between deterministic perspectives, which date back to earliest days ecology, continue fuel contemporary debates (e.g. niches versus neutrality). As illustrated by pioneering studies Robert H. MacArthur co-workers, resolution these requires consideration how local processes changes across scales. Here, we develop a framework for disentangling relative generating site-to-site variation composition (β-diversity) along gradients (disturbance, productivity interactions) among biogeographic regions differ size regional pool. We illustrate discern using null-model approaches explicitly account factors inherently create turnover. By embracing scales, can build synthetic understanding structure biodiversity face emerge from factors.

Язык: Английский

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References

Developments in environmental modelling, Год журнала: 2012, Номер unknown, С. 907 - 968

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2012

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‘Everything is everywhere, but, the environment selects’; what did Baas Becking and Beijerinck really say?

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2006, Номер 8(4), С. 755 - 758

Опубликована: Март 8, 2006

Язык: Английский

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Multi-scale habitat selection modeling: a review and outlook

Landscape Ecology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 31(6), С. 1161 - 1175

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Analyzing adaptive strategies: Human behavioral ecology at twenty-five

Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews, Год журнала: 2000, Номер 9(2), С. 51 - 72

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2000

Язык: Английский

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Ecophylogenetics: advances and perspectives

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 87(4), С. 769 - 785

Опубликована: Март 20, 2012

Ecophylogenetics can be viewed as an emerging fusion of ecology, biogeography and macroevolution. This new fast‐growing field is promoting the incorporation evolution historical contingencies into ecological research agenda through widespread use phylogenetic data. Including phylogeny thinking represents opportunity for biologists from different fields to collaborate has provided promising avenues in both theoretical empirical towards a better understanding assembly communities, functioning ecosystems their responses environmental changes. The time ripe assess critically extent which integration these ecology delivered on its promise. Here we review how information been used identify key components species interactions with biotic abiotic environments, determine relationships between diversity ecosystem ultimately establish good management practices protect overall biodiversity face global change. We evaluate relevance by phylogenies ecologists, highlighting current potential weaknesses needs future developments. suggest that despite strong progress made, consistent unified framework still missing link local dynamics necessary step order interpret observed patterns wider context. Beyond fundamental question evolutionary history contributes shape ecophylogenetics will help become integrative predictive science.

Язык: Английский

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An Approach to the Study of Ecological Relationships among Grassland Birds

Ornithological Monographs, Год журнала: 1969, Номер 8, С. 1 - 93

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 1969

Язык: Английский

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A hierarchical framework for the analysis of scale

Landscape Ecology, Год журнала: 1989, Номер 3(3-4), С. 193 - 205

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 1989

Язык: Английский

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Conserving the Stage: Climate Change and the Geophysical Underpinnings of Species Diversity

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2010, Номер 5(7), С. e11554 - e11554

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2010

Conservationists have proposed methods for adapting to climate change that assume species distributions are primarily explained by variables. The key idea is use the understanding of species-climate relationships map corridors and identify regions faunal stability or high turnover. An alternative approach adopt an evolutionary timescale ask ultimately what factors control total diversity, so over long run major drivers richness can be protected. Within a single climatic region, temperate area encompassing all Northeastern U.S. Maritime Canada, we hypothesized geologic may take precedence in explaining diversity patterns. If geophysical does drive regional then conserving settings offer conservation protects under both current future climates. Here tested how well geology predicts 14 US states three Canadian provinces, using comprehensive new spatial dataset. Results linear regressions on possible combinations 23 variables indicated four factors; number geological classes, latitude, elevation range amount calcareous bedrock, predicted with certainty (adj. R(2) = 0.94). To confirm species-geology ran independent test 18,700 location points 885 rare found 40% were restricted geology. Moreover, each class supported 5-95 endemic chi-square tests confirmed bedrock extreme elevations had significantly more than expected chance (P<0.0001), strongly corroborating regression model. Our results suggest protecting will conserve stage biodiversity robust species-level predictions.

Язык: Английский

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