Seed Science and Technology

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

This open access edited book is a collection of 21 chapters synthesized from nearly 100 lectures by >70 eminent international and Indian experts.

Язык: Английский

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Beat the stress: breeding for climate resilience in maize for the tropical rainfed environments

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 134(6), С. 1729 - 1752

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2021

Abstract Key message Intensive public sector breeding efforts and public-private partnerships have led to the increase in genetic gains, deployment of elite climate-resilient maize cultivars for stress-prone environments tropics. Maize ( Zea mays L.) plays a critical role ensuring food nutritional security, livelihoods millions resource-constrained smallholders. However, yields tropical rainfed are now increasingly vulnerable various climate-induced stresses, especially drought, heat, waterlogging, salinity, cold, diseases, insect pests, which often come combinations severely impact crops. The International Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), partnership with several private institutions, has been intensively engaged over last four decades germplasm tolerance key abiotic biotic using an extensive managed stress screening network on-farm testing system. This successful development array stress-tolerant across sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America. Further increasing gains programs demands judicious integration doubled haploidy, high-throughput precise phenotyping, genomics-assisted breeding, data management, more effective decision support tools. Multi-institutional efforts, public–private alliances, ensure that improved varieties effectively reach climate-vulnerable farming communities tropics, including accelerated replacement old/obsolete varieties.

Язык: Английский

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Plant regeneration in the new era: from molecular mechanisms to biotechnology applications

Science China Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 67(7), С. 1338 - 1367

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Artificial polyploidy induction for improvement of ornamental and medicinal plants

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), Год журнала: 2020, Номер 142(3), С. 447 - 469

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Genome editing in cereal crops: an overview

Transgenic Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 30(4), С. 461 - 498

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2021

Abstract Genome-editing technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for crop improvement with superior precision and speed. This review presents an analysis of the current state genome editing in major cereal crops- rice, maize, wheat barley. Genome has been used to achieve important agronomic quality traits cereals. These include adaptive mitigate effects climate change, tolerance biotic stresses, higher yields, more optimal plant architecture, improved grain nutritional content, safer products. Not all can be achieved through editing, several technical regulatory challenges need overcome technology realize its full potential. however, already revolutionized is poised shape future agricultural practices conjunction other breeding innovations.

Язык: Английский

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BREEDIT: a multiplex genome editing strategy to improve complex quantitative traits in maize

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 35(1), С. 218 - 238

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2022

Abstract Ensuring food security for an ever-growing global population while adapting to climate change is the main challenge agriculture in 21st century. Although new technologies are being applied tackle this problem, we approaching a plateau crop improvement using conventional breeding. Recent advances CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene engineering have paved way accelerate plant breeding meet increasing demand. However, many traits governed by multiple small-effect genes operating complex interactive networks. Here, present discovery pipeline BREEDIT, which combines multiplex genome editing of whole families with crossing schemes improve such as yield and drought tolerance. We induced knockouts 48 growth-related into maize (Zea mays) CRISPR/Cas9 generated collection over 1,000 gene-edited plants. The edited populations displayed (on average) 5%–10% increases leaf length up 20% width compared controls. For each family, edits subsets could be associated enhanced traits, allowing us reduce space considered trait improvement. BREEDIT rapidly generate diverse mutants identify promising modifications later use programs.

Язык: Английский

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Drought stress in sorghum: Mitigation strategies, breeding methods and technologies—A review

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 208(2), С. 127 - 142

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Abstract Agriculture accounts for 70% of the global use available freshwater. Projections show that demand water will increase significantly due to climate change, population growth and development agricultural enterprises globally. There is a need develop water‐use efficient crop cultivars sustainable production. Sorghum [ bicolor (L.) Moench.] powerhouse in drier regions supporting more than 500 million people. It relatively drought‐tolerant adapted grow yield marginal environments where other dominant crops such as maize wheat fail survive. However, mean sorghum semi‐arid has stagnated around 1.0 ton/ha compared with average 2.5 ton/ha, mainly recurrent droughts heat stress. Breeding an economic mitigation strategy against current projected drought Therefore, objectives this review were document impact stress key strategies under drought‐prone production systems. The first section highlighted its emphasizing on best strategy. This followed by perspectives aspects drought‐response mechanisms, breeding methods complementary technologies tolerance. Integration conventional molecular rapid generation advancement could reduce cycle efficiency deploying new varieties. Information presented guide agronomists breeders deploy are changing regions.

Язык: Английский

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Combining speed breeding with traditional and genomics‐assisted breeding for crop improvement

Plant Breeding, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 141(3), С. 301 - 313

Опубликована: Март 30, 2022

Abstract Accelerated crop growth strategy innovations are required as we reach saturation peaks regarding the productivity of major food crops. Speed breeding (SB) is one most promising technologies adopted for this purpose. SB hastens production by reducing plant and development, time swift generation advancement. Prolonged daily light exposure shortens life cycle in some long‐day or day‐neutral plants leading to early seed harvest. This approach best suited controlled environment prebreeding/breeding activities analysed several species. can be integrated with different traditional advanced genomics‐assisted like marker‐assisted selection (MAS), genomic (GS), pollen‐based (PBS), overexpression/knock‐down transgenics genome editing achieve more precise faster results on translational genetic enhancement. review will discuss approaches strategies its potential integrate existing improvement attain efficient outcomes crops' varietal improvement.

Язык: Английский

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The RUBY reporter enables efficient haploid identification in maize and tomato

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(8), С. 1707 - 1715

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

Summary In vivo haploid induction has been extended from maize to monocotyledonous plants like rice, wheat, millet and dicotyledonous such as tomato, rapeseed, tobacco cabbage. Accurate identification of haploids is a crucial step doubled technology, where useful marker very pivotal. R1‐nj an extensively used visual for in maize. RFP eGFP have shown be feasible identifying haploid. However, these methods are either limited specific species, or require equipment. It still lacks efficient that practical across different crop species. this study, we introduced the RUBY reporter, betalain biosynthesis system, into tomato inducers new identification. Results showed expression could result deep pigmentation embryos early 10 days after pollination, enabled 100% accuracy immature embryo Further investigation revealed led red radicles can identified easily accurately. The results demonstrated reporter background‐independent would promising breeding

Язык: Английский

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Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(17), С. 3106 - 3106

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

Embryo rescue (ER) techniques are among the oldest and most successful in vitro tissue culture protocols used with plant species. ER refers to a series of methods that promote development an immature or lethal embryo into viable plant. Intraspecific, interspecific, intergeneric crosses allow introgression important alleles agricultural interest from wild species, such as resistance tolerance abiotic biotic stresses morphological traits crops. However, pre-zygotic post-zygotic reproductive barriers often present challenges achieving hybridization. Pre-zygotic manifest incompatibility reactions hinder pollen germination, tube growth, penetration ovule occurring various tissues, stigma, style, ovary. To overcome these barriers, several strategies employed, including cut-style graft-on-style techniques, utilization mixed distinct placenta pollination, pollination. On other hand, act at different tissues stages ranging early subsequent growth reproduction offspring. Many genera result abortion due failure endosperm development. In cases, needed hybrids. holds great promise for not only facilitating but also obtaining haploids, doubled manipulating ploidy levels chromosome engineering by monosomic disomic addition well substitution lines. Furthermore, can be shorten cycle propagation rare plants. Additionally, it has been repeatedly study embryonic development, especially embryo-lethal mutants. The widely procedure is embryos taken placed directly on media. certain ovule, ovaries placentas enables young zygote stage maturity.

Язык: Английский

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