Salmonella
is
a
major
foodborne
pathogen
that
can
effectively
replicate
inside
host
macrophages
to
establish
life-threatening
systemic
infections.
must
utilize
diverse
nutrients
for
growth
in
nutrient-poor
macrophages,
but
which
are
required
intracellular
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
found
either
acquisition
from
the
or
de
novo
synthesis
of
nonprotein
amino
acid,
β-alanine,
critical
replication
macrophages.
The
concentration
β-alanine
decreased
-infected
while
addition
exogenous
enhances
suggesting
uptake
host-derived
growth.
Moreover,
expression
panD,
rate-limiting
gene
Salmonella,
upregulated
when
enters
Mutation
panD
impaired
and
colonization
mouse
liver
spleen,
indicating
essential
infection.
Additionally,
revealed
influences
vivo
virulence
by
increasing
zinc
transporter
genes
znuABC,
turn
facilitates
micronutrient
.
Taken
together,
these
findings
highlight
important
role
,
promising
target
controlling
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
46(7), С. 7447 - 7472
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024
Even
with
the
intensive
efforts
by
public
health
programs
to
control
and
prevent
it,
non-typhoidal
Salmonella
(NTS)
infection
remains
an
important
challenge.
It
is
responsible
for
approximately
150
million
illnesses
60,000
deaths
worldwide
annually.
NTS
poses
significant
risks
high
rates
of
morbidity
mortality,
leading
potential
short-
long-term
complications.
There
growing
concern
among
authorities
about
increasing
incidence
antimicrobial
resistance,
multidrug
resistance
totaling
22.6%
in
Europe,
highlighting
urgent
need
new
therapeutic
approaches.
Our
review
aims
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
infection.
We
outline
molecular
mechanisms
involved
pathogenesis
infection,
as
well
events
invasive
subsequent
complications
associated
it.
Given
widespread
implications
our
also
presents
global
landscape
including
delve
into
underlying
driving
this
resistance.
The
rising
antibiotic
frequently
lead
treatment
failures,
emphasizing
importance
investigating
alternative
options.
Therefore,
we
explore
therapies
that
could
offer
promising
approaches
treating
infections.
Macrophages
employ
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
to
eliminate
intracellular
pathogens
during
the
early
stages
of
infection;
however,
mechanisms
by
which
these
bacteria
resist
ROS-mediated
killing
within
macrophage
remain
incompletely
understood.
In
this
study,
we
reveal
important
role
a
widely
conserved
and
unknown
functional
protein,
YchJ,
in
Salmonella's
response
oxidative
stress.
Following
knockout
Salmonella
is
unable
withstand
H2O2-induced
cannot
survive
long-term
macrophages.
Proteomic
analysis
indicates
that
YchJ
primarily
aids
resisting
ROS
attacks
inhibiting
rssB
transcription,
promotes
accumulation
sigma
factor
RpoS
subsequently
activates
expression
antioxidant
enzymes
such
as
SodC
KetE.
By
analyzing
crystal
structure
discovered
novel
protein
folding
pattern
identified
positively
charged
region
on
its
surface.
Further
experiments
confirmed
acts
transcription
can
directly
bind
palindromic
sequence
promoter
gene
form
Salmonella.
Additionally,
our
data
demonstrate
H2O2
enhances
YchJ's
DNA-binding
activity
promoting
dimerization.
vivo
infection
show
when
production
macrophages
blocked,
survival
difference
between
strain
wild-type
completely
eliminated.
Overall,
study
elucidates
mechanism
senses
redox
status
pathways
altering
activity,
laying
foundation
for
understanding
how
host
cells.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Introduction
Salmonella
is
a
common
foodborne
pathogenic
bacterium,
displaying
facultative
intracellular
parasitic
behavior,
which
can
help
the
escape
against
antibiotics
treatment.
Bacteriophages
have
potential
to
control
both
and
bacteria
be
developed
as
antibiotic
alternatives.
Methods
This
study
isolated
characterized
vB-SeS-01,
novel
Guernseyvirinae
phage
preying
on
enterica
,
whose
genome
closely
related
those
of
phages
SHWT1
vB-SenS-EnJE1.
Furthermore,
nine
phage-carrying
liposome
formulations
were
by
film
hydration
method
via
extruder.
Results
Discussion
Phage
vB-SeS-01
displays
strong
lysis
ability
9
out
24
tested
S.
strains
(including
“Sendai”
“Enteritidis”
serovars),
high
replicability
with
burst
size
111
±
15
PFU/
cell
titre
up
2.1
×
10
11
PFU/mL,
broad
pH
(4.0
~
13.0)
temperature
(4
80°C)
stabilities.
Among
liposome-carrying
formulations,
one
encapsulated
PC:Chol:T80:SA
=
9:1:2:0.5
without
sonication
displayed
optimal
features.
formulation
carried
an
encapsulation
rate
80%,
average
172.8
nm,
polydispersity
index
(PDI)
0.087.
It
remained
stable
at
4°C
23°C
for
least
21
days
37°C
7
days.
Both
vB-SeS-01-loaded
liposomes
antimicrobial
effects
could
reduce
transcription
level
some
inflammatory
factors
caused
infected
sv.
Sendai
16,226
Enteritidis
50041CMCC.
Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 128 - 128
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
Salmonella
enterica
serovar
Enteritidis
(S.
Enteritidis)
is
one
of
the
most
common
causes
bacterial
foodborne
infections
worldwide.
It
has
an
extensive
host
range,
including
birds
and
humans,
making
it
adaptable
serovars.
This
study
aims
to
define
virulence
gene
profile
S.
identify
genes
critical
its
specificity.
Currently,
there
limited
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
that
allow
continue
as
important
pathogen.
To
better
understand
may
play
a
role
in
host-specific
and/or
fitness
Enteritidis,
we
first
compiled
profile-based
genome
analysis
sequenced
strains
isolated
from
shell
eggs
our
laboratory.
was
subsequently
used
compare
representative
genomes
serovars
with
varying
ranges
genomes.
The
involved
comprehensive
direct
examination
conservation
factors,
especially
manner—an
area
not
been
previously
explored.
Key
findings
include
identification
10
virulence-associated
clusters
orthologous
(COGs)
specific
poultry-colonizing
12
COGs
unique
human-colonizing
Virulence/fitness-associated
identified
more
than
600
genes.
sequences
two
isolates
were
compared
those
other
Genome
revealed
core
2817
all
examined.
Comparative
serovars,
whereas
present
Phylogenetic
analyses
further
highlight
evolution
specificity
Enteritidis.
offers
be
possibly
essential
for
colonization
pathogenesis
various
hosts.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
Abstract
Salmonella
enterica
is
a
frequent
cause
of
foodborne
diseases,
which
attributed
to
its
adaptability.
Even
within
single
host,
expressing
gene
can
be
beneficial
in
certain
infection
stages
but
neutral
or
even
detrimental
others
as
previously
shown
for
flagellins.
Mutants
deficient
the
conserved
glycerol-3-phosphate
and
phosphate
antiporter
glpT
have
been
positively
selected
nature,
clinical,
laboratory
settings.
This
suggests
that
different
selective
pressures
select
presence
absence
GlpT
context
dependent
fashion,
phenomenon
known
antagonistic
pleiotropy.
Using
mutant
libraries
reporters,
we
investigated
fitness
glpT-
mutants
during
murine
orogastric
infection.
While
-deficient
thrive
initial
growth
gut
lumen,
where
GlpT’s
capacity
import
disadvantageous,
they
are
counter-selected
by
macrophages.
The
dichotomy
showcases
need
study
spatial
temporal
heterogeneity
enteric
pathogens’
across
distinct
lifestyles
niches.
Insights
into
differential
adaptation
may
reveal
opportunities
therapeutic
interventions.
Salmonella
is
a
major
foodborne
pathogen
that
can
effectively
replicate
inside
host
macrophages
to
establish
life-threatening
systemic
infections.
must
utilize
diverse
nutrients
for
growth
in
nutrient-poor
macrophages,
but
which
are
required
intracellular
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
found
either
acquisition
from
the
or
de
novo
synthesis
of
nonprotein
amino
acid,
β-alanine,
critical
replication
macrophages.
The
concentration
β-alanine
decreased
-infected
while
addition
exogenous
enhances
suggesting
uptake
host-derived
growth.
Moreover,
expression
panD,
rate-limiting
gene
Salmonella,
upregulated
when
enters
Mutation
panD
impaired
and
colonization
mouse
liver
spleen,
indicating
essential
infection.
Additionally,
revealed
influences
vivo
virulence
partially
by
increasing
zinc
transporter
genes
znuABC
,
turn
facilitates
micronutrient
.
Taken
together,
these
findings
highlight
important
role
promising
target
controlling
