Harmful Algae,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
127, С. 102466 - 102466
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023
Cyanobacteria
harmful
algal
blooms
produce
many
toxic
secondary
metabolites
called
cyanotoxins.
The
most
studied
group
of
cyanotoxins
are
microcystins
(MC),
with
over
300
congeners
reported.
MC-LR
is
the
congener
because
its
abundance
and
toxicity.
Recent
toxicology
studies
suggest
that
more
hydrophobic
MC
such
as
MC-LA,
MC-LF,
MC-LW
may
be
less
abundant
but
up
to
seven
times
than
MC-LR,
whereas,
MC-RR's
toxicity
only
one-fifth
MC-LR.
Hence,
understanding
environmental
stressors
change
profile
critical
assessing
negative
impact
on
human
health.
A
two-year
field
experimental
study
investigated
seasonal
spatial
changes
profiles
in
western
basin
Lake
Erie.
Both
showed
nitrogen
enrichment
favored
production
nitrogen-rich
MC-RR
(C49H75N13O12).
depletion
low-nitrogen
MC-LA
(C46H67N7O12).
(a
medium
N
level,
C49H75N10O12)
accounted
for
∼30%
50%
total
concentration
was
stable
across
concentrations.
Using
relative
concentrations
each
congener,
both
LC-MS/MS
ELISA
overestimated
early
bloom
(July)
underestimated
it
late
(September).
On
24
July
2019,
highly
MC-LF
were
detected
at
nearshore
stations
exceeding
drinking
water
standards.
This
demonstrated
toxic,
high
dominated
under
nitrogen-replete
conditions
season,
whereas
nitrogen-limited
later
season.
Environmental Sciences Europe,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
31(1)
Опубликована: Май 21, 2019
Cyanobacterial
blooms
occur
with
increasing
frequency
in
freshwater
ecosystems,
posing
a
hazard
to
human
and
environmental
health.
Exposure
of
cyanobacterial
metabolites
occurs
mostly
via
accidental
ingestion
through
contaminated
drinking
water
or
during
recreational
activities
and,
most
frequently,
results
gastrointestinal
symptoms.
Despite
the
clinical
manifestation,
are
rather
investigated
for
their
toxicity
towards
specific
organs
tissues,
especially
hepato-,
nephro-,
neurotoxicity,
than
effects
on
tract
associated
lymphoid
tissue.
The
aim
this
review
was
systematically
summarize
available
literature
mucosal
innate
immune
system
compile
data
from
both,
vitro
vivo
studies,
focusing
health-relevant
models.
Our
systematic
revealed
significant
gaps
understanding
breaching
barrier
role
establishment
Microcystins
cylindrospermopsin
were
linked
symptoms,
effects,
both.
Furthermore,
bloom
lipopolysaccharides,
other
less
studied
mixtures
have
been
also
implicated
inflammation.
collected
indicate
need
reassessment
potential
enterotoxicity
microcystins
cylindrospermopsin.
In
addition,
carcinogenic
cyanotoxins,
microcystins,
has
be
clarified,
as
an
amount
epidemiological
studies
show
correlations
between
cancer
incidence.
other,
often
highly
abundant
bioactive
such
aeruginosins,
toxicologically
evaluated
at
distinct
levels
accounting
(sub-)chronic
exposure
low
concentrations
combination
naturally
co-occurring
metabolites,
which
can
expected
supplies.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
66(29), С. 7577 - 7588
Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2018
The
production
of
toxic
plant
secondary
metabolites
(phytotoxins)
for
defense
is
a
widespread
phenomenon
in
the
kingdom
and
even
present
agricultural
crops.
These
phytotoxins
may
have
similar
characteristics
to
anthropogenic
micropollutants
terms
persistence
toxicity.
However,
they
are
only
rarely
included
environmental
risk
assessments,
partly
because
systematic
overview
missing.
Here,
we
newly
developed,
freely
available
database,
Toxic
Plants–PhytoToxins
(TPPT),
containing
1586
potential
ecotoxicological
relevance
Central
Europe
linked
844
species.
Our
database
summarizes
phytotoxin
patterns
species
provides
detailed
biological
chemical
information
as
well
silico
estimated
properties.
Using
evaluated
regarding
occurrence,
approximated
from
frequencies
Swiss
species;
behavior
based
on
aquatic
mobility;
assessment
showed
that
over
34%
all
should
be
investigations.
Toxins,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(10), С. 641 - 641
Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2020
Cyanobacterial
harmful
algal
blooms
(CyanoHABs)
produce
microcystins
(MCs)
which
are
associated
with
animal
and
human
hepatotoxicity.
Over
270
variants
of
MC
exist.
MCs
have
been
continually
studied
due
their
toxic
consequences.
Monitoring
water
quality
to
assess
the
presence
is
utmost
importance
although
it
often
difficult
because
CyanoHABs
may
generate
multiple
variants,
low
concentration
in
water.
To
effectively
manage
control
these
toxins
prevent
health
risks,
sensitive,
fast,
reliable
methods
capable
detecting
required.
This
paper
aims
review
three
main
analytical
used
detect
ranging
from
biological
(mouse
bioassay),
biochemical
(protein
phosphatase
inhibition
assay
enzyme
linked
immunosorbent
assay),
chemical
(high
performance
liquid
chromatography,
chromatography-mass
spectrometry,
high
capillary
electrophoresis,
gas
chromatography),
as
well
newly
emerging
biosensor
methods.
In
addition,
current
state
regarding
novel
development
usage,
merits
limitations
presented.
Finally,
this
also
provides
recommendations
future
research
directions
towards
method
application
improvement.
Free Radical Research,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
53(sup1), С. 1113 - 1135
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2019
Food
supplements
(FS)
are
often
consumed
as
one
of
the
strategies
to
fight
ageing-associated
pathologies,
especially
in
case
oxidative
stress-related
diseases.
Despite
popularity
FS,
some
concerns
about
their
quality
and
safety
have
been
raised,
regarding
presence
contaminants.
This
paper
reviews
discusses
occurrence
contaminants
marketed
samples
FS
last
two
decades,
considering
both
scientific
literature
notifications
registered
on
RASFF
portal.
The
most
relevant
classes
were
included
namely
metals,
toxins,
pesticides,
dioxins
PCBs,
well
pharmacologically
active
ingredients.
Variable
amounts
reported
a
significant
number
commercially
available
FS.
Although
does
not
necessarily
mean
that
levels
exceed
regulatory
limits
or
intake
constitutes
risk
human
health,
it
alerts
for
need
further
monitor
safety.
evaluation
associated
consumption
elderly
population,
is
particularly
challenging
due
frequent
exposure
multiple
toxicants
different
sources,
possible
pre-existing
diseases
respective
therapeutics.
Therefore,
improved
control
procedures
monitoring
programs
should
be
pursued
order
avoid
undesirable
products
assure
Toxins,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
9(12), С. 402 - 402
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2017
Cylindrospermopsin
(CYN)
is
a
cyanobacterial
toxin
that
gaining
importance,
owing
to
its
increasing
expansion
worldwide
and
the
increased
frequency
of
blooms.
CYN
mainly
targets
liver,
but
also
involves
other
organs.
Various
mechanisms
have
been
associated
with
toxicity,
such
as
protein
synthesis
inhibition,
oxidative
stress,
etc.
However,
toxic
effects
are
not
yet
fully
elucidated
additional
data
for
hazard
characterization
purposes
required.
In
this
regard,
in
vitro
methods
can
play
an
important
role,
their
advantages
comparison
vivo
trials.
The
aim
work
was
compile
evaluate
dealing
available
scientific
literature,
focusing
on
toxicokinetics
main
toxicity
mechanisms.
This
analysis
would
be
useful
identify
research
needs
gaps
order
complete
knowledge
about
profile
CYN.
For
example,
it
has
shown
various
aspects,
new
emerging
effects,
analogs,
or
potential
interaction
cyanotoxins,
among
others,
still
very
scarce.
New
studies
therefore
welcome.
Cyanobacteria
are
photosynthetic
microorganisms
that
colonize
diverse
environments
worldwide,
ranging
from
ocean
to
freshwaters,
soils,
and
extreme
environments.
Their
adaptation
capacities
the
diversity
of
natural
products
(molecules,
metabolites,
or
compounds)
they
synthesize
support
cyanobacterial
success
for
colonization
their
respective
ecological
niches.
Although
cyanobacteria
well-known
toxin
production
relative
deleterious
consequences,
also
produce
a
large
variety
molecules
exhibit
beneficial
properties
with
high
potential
various
fields
application
(e.g.,
synthetic
analog
dolastatin
10
used
against
Hodgkin
lymphoma).
The
present
review
specially
focuses
on
activities
described
so
far.
Based
an
analysis
670
papers,
it
appears
more
than
90
genera
have
been
found
compounds
activities,
most
them
belonging
orders
Oscillatoriales,
Nostocales
Chroococcales,
Synechococcales.
rest
(i.e.,
Pleurocapsales,
Chroococcidiopsales,
Gloeobacterales)
remain
poorly
explored
in
terms
molecular
bioactivity.
presenting
bioactivities
belong
different
chemical
classes
(alkaloids,
depsipeptides,
lipopeptides,
macrolides/lactones,
peptides,
terpenes,
polysaccharides,
lipids,
polyketides,
others)
14
major
kinds
However,
no
direct
relation
between
class
bioactivity
these
has
demonstrated.
We
further
selected
specifically
50
molecule
families
according
specific
uses
pharmacology,
cosmetology,
agriculture,
other
interest.
This
up-to-date
takes
advantage
recent
progresses
genome
sequencing
biosynthetic
pathway
elucidation,
presents
new
perspectives
rational
discovery
metabolites
Toxins,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
12(10), С. 629 - 629
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020
Toxin-producing
cyanobacteria
in
aquatic,
terrestrial,
and
aerial
environments
can
occur
alongside
a
wide
range
of
additional
health
hazards
including
biological
agents
synthetic
materials.
Cases
intoxications
involving
cyanotoxins,
with
exposure
to
hazards,
are
discussed.
Examples
the
co-occurrence
such
combinations
reviewed,
cyanotoxins
plus
algal
toxins,
microbial
pathogens
fecal
indicator
bacteria,
metals,
pesticides,
microplastics.
Toxicity
assessments
cyanobacteria,
these
agents,
where
investigated
bioassays
defined
combinations,
discussed
further
research
needs
identified.
Nano Letters,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
21(11), С. 4654 - 4665
Опубликована: Май 19, 2021
Stroke
is
one
of
most
common
causes
death
and
disability.
Most
neuroprotective
agents
fail
to
rescue
neurons
from
cerebral
ischemic
insults,
mainly
because
targeting
downstream
cascading
events,
such
as
excitotoxicity,
oxidative
nitrosative
stress,
inflammation,
rather
than
improving
hypoxia
that
initially
occurs.
Here,
we
report
a
near-infrared
light
(NIR)-driven
nanophotosynthesis
biosystem
capable
generating
oxygen
absorbing
carbon
dioxide,
thus
rescuing
ischemia
toward
treating
stroke.
Through
delivery
S.
elongatus
spontaneously
photosynthesize
upconversion
nanoparticles
(UCNPs),
NIR
with
excellent
tissue
penetrating
capability
converted
visible
by
UCNPs
activate
in
vivo,
enhancing
angiogenesis,
reducing
infarction,
facilitating
repair
brain
tissues,
neuronal
function
recovery.
The
combination
cell-biological,
biochemical,
animal-level
behavioral
data
provides
compelling
evidence
demonstrating
this
oxygen-generating
through
jointly
utilizing
microorganism
nanotechnology
represents
novel
approach
stroke
treatment.
Current Research in Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
3, С. 65 - 81
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Bacterial
and
viral
infections
pose
a
direct
threat
to
human
health
due
the
increase
of
drug-resistant
novel
pathogenic
strains.
Natural
products
represent
prolific
source
bioactive
metabolites,
which
have
been
exploited
for
their
therapeutic
effects.
In
particular,
cyanobacteria
were
identified
as
important
producers
secondary
metabolites
possessing
antibacterial
antiviral
activities,
among
others.
A
meta-analysis
indicated
that
some
natural
product
classes
target
bacteria
or
viruses
exclusively.
This
result
also
applied
cyanobacterial
species
produce
only
compounds.
Furthermore,
promising
host
bio-production
ability
perform
photosynthesis
low-cost
production
requirements.
review
highlights
compounds
isol
isolated
from
biotechnological
application
these
organisms
.