Environmental Research,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
226, С. 115671 - 115671
Опубликована: Март 10, 2023
Potential
endocrine-disrupting
properties
of
cyanotoxins,
such
as
microcystin-LR
(MC-LR)
and
cylindrospermopsin
(CYN)
are
concern
due
to
their
increasing
occurrence,
the
scarcity
reports
on
topic
(particularly
for
CYN)
impact
human's
health
at
different
levels.
Thus,
this
work
performed
first
time
uterotrophic
bioassay
in
rats,
following
Organization
Economic
Cooperation
Development
(OECD)
Test
Guideline
440,
explore
oestrogenic
CYN
MC-LR
(75,
150,
300
μg/kg
b.w./day)
ovariectomized
(OVX)
rats.
Results
revealed
neither
changes
wet
blotted
uterus
weights
nor
morphometric
study
uteri.
Moreover,
among
steroid
hormones
analysed
serum,
most
remarkable
effect
was
dose-dependent
increase
progesterone
(P)
levels
rats
exposed
MC-LR.
Additionally,
a
histopathology
thyroids
serum
were
determined.
Tissue
affectation
(follicular
hypertrophy,
exfoliated
epithelium,
hyperplasia)
observed,
well
increased
T3
T4
both
toxins.
Taken
together,
these
results
point
out
that
not
compounds
conditions
tested
assay
OVX
but,
however,
thyroid
disruption
effects
cannot
be
discarded.
Toxics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(2), С. 118 - 118
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023
Global
warming
and
human-induced
eutrophication
drive
the
occurrence
of
various
cyanotoxins
in
aquatic
environments.
These
metabolites
reveal
diversified
mechanisms
action,
encompassing
cyto-,
neuro-,
hepato-,
nephro-,
neurotoxicity,
pose
a
threat
to
biota
human
health.
In
present
paper,
we
review
data
on
most
studied
cyanotoxins,
microcystins,
nodularins,
cylindrospermopsin,
anatoxins,
saxitoxins,
environment,
as
well
their
potential
bioaccumulation
toxicity
fish.
Microcystins
are
among
all
known
although
other
toxic
cyanobacterial
also
commonly
identified
environments
can
high
Except
for
primary
signs,
adversely
affect
antioxidant
system
anti-/pro-oxidant
balance.
Cyanotoxins
negatively
impact
mitochondrial
endoplasmic
reticulum
by
increasing
intracellular
reactive
oxygen
species.
Furthermore,
fish
exposed
microcystins
cylindrospermopsin
exhibit
immunomodulatory,
inflammatory,
endocrine
responses.
Even
though
exert
complex
pressure
fish,
numerous
aspects
yet
be
subject
in-depth
investigation.
Metabolites
than
should
more
thoroughly
understand
long-term
effects
provide
robust
background
monitoring
management
actions.
Toxins,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(9), С. 582 - 582
Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023
Blue-green
algae,
or
cyanobacteria,
may
be
prevalent
in
our
rivers
and
tap
water.
These
minuscule
bacteria
can
grow
swiftly
form
blooms
warm,
nutrient-rich
Toxins
produced
by
cyanobacteria
pollute
streams
harm
the
liver
nervous
system
humans.
This
review
highlights
properties
of
25
toxin
types
12
different
genera.
The
also
covered
strategies
for
reducing
controlling
issues.
include
using
physical
chemical
treatments,
cutting
back
on
fertilizer
input,
algal
lawn
scrubbers,
antagonistic
microorganisms
biocontrol.
Micro-,
nano-
ultrafiltration
techniques
could
used
removal
internal
extracellular
cyanotoxins,
addition
to
powdered
granular
activated
carbon,
ozonation,
sedimentation,
ultraviolet
radiation,
potassium
permanganate,
free
chlorine,
pre-treatment
oxidation
techniques.
efficiency
treatment
removing
intracellular
cyanotoxins
is
demonstrated.
approaches
aim
lessen
risks
cyanobacterial
associated
toxins.
Effective
management
water
systems
depends
early
detection
quick
action.
Cyanobacteria
cells
their
toxins
detected
microscopy,
molecular
methods,
chromatography,
spectroscopy.
Understanding
causes
many
ways
elimination
will
help
this
crucial
environmental
issue.
Toxins,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(11), С. 786 - 786
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2021
Cyanotoxins
have
gained
global
public
interest
due
to
their
potential
bioaccumulate
in
food,
which
threatens
human
health.
Bloom
formation
is
usually
enhanced
under
Mediterranean,
subtropical
and
tropical
climates
are
the
dominant
climate
types
developing
countries.
In
this
context,
we
present
an
up-to-date
overview
of
cyanotoxins
(types,
toxic
effects,
analysis,
occurrence,
mitigation)
with
a
special
focus
on
contamination
(sea)food
from
all
countries
Africa,
Asia,
Latin
America
as
has
received
less
attention.
A
total
65
publications
been
found
(from
2000
until
October
2021)
reporting
by
one
or
more
seafood
edible
plants
(five
papers).
Only
Brazil
China
conducted
research
cyanotoxin
food
comparison
other
The
majority
focused
detection
microcystins
using
different
analytical
methods.
detected
levels
mostly
surpassed
provisional
tolerable
daily
intake
limit
set
World
Health
Organization,
indicating
real
risk
exposed
population.
Assessment
foods
still
requires
further
investigations
conducting
survey
studies,
especially
simultaneous
multiple
categories
food.
Microorganisms,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(4), С. 872 - 872
Опубликована: Март 28, 2023
Cyanobacteria
commonly
form
large
blooms
in
waterbodies;
they
can
produce
cyanotoxins,
with
toxic
effects
on
humans
and
animals,
volatile
compounds,
causing
bad
tastes
odors
(T&O)
at
naturally
occurring
low
concentrations.
Notwithstanding
the
amount
of
literature
either
cyanotoxins
or
T&O,
no
review
has
focused
them
same
time.
The
present
critically
evaluates
recent
T&O
compounds
(geosmin,
2-methylisoborneol,
β-ionone
β-cyclocitral)
to
identify
research
gaps
harmful
exposure
animals
both
metabolite
classes.
production
be
due
common
different
cyanobacterial
species/strains,
additional
possibility
by
non-cyanobacterial
species.
few
environmental
studies
co-occurrence
these
two
groups
metabolites
are
not
sufficient
understand
if
how
co-vary,
influence
each
other,
perhaps
stimulating
cyanotoxin
production.
Therefore,
T&Os
cannot
reliably
serve
as
early
warning
surrogates
for
cyanotoxins.
scarce
data
toxicity
seem
indicate
a
health
risk
(but
inhalation
β-cyclocitral
deserves
more
study).
However,
available
combined
mixtures
combinations
compounds;
therefore,
whether
is
issue
remains
an
open
question.
Toxins,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(9), С. 660 - 660
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2021
Cyanobacteria
are
capable
of
producing
a
wide
range
bioactive
compounds
with
many
considered
to
be
toxins.
Although
there
number
toxicological
outcomes
respect
cyanobacterial
exposure,
this
review
aims
examine
those
which
affect
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
or
have
neurotoxicological
properties.
Such
exposures
can
acute
chronic,
and
we
detail
issues
concerning
CNS
entry,
detection
remediation.
Exposure
occur
through
variety
media
but,
increasingly,
exposure
air
via
inhalation
may
greater
significance
requires
further
investigation.
Even
though
toxins
traditionally
been
classified
based
on
their
primary
mode
toxicity,
increasing
evidence
suggests
that
some
also
possess
neurotoxic
properties
include
known
cyanotoxins
unknown
compounds.
Furthermore,
chronic
long-term
these
is
increasingly
being
identified
as
adversely
affecting
human
health.
