Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024
Clinical
symptoms
of
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
are
classified
into
motor
and
non-motor
symptoms.
Mental
disorders,
especially
depression,
one
the
major
manifestations
PD.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
In
present
study,
21
neurotransmitters
associated
with
mental
disorders
were
measured
in
serum
samples
from
patients
controls
using
ultra-high
performance
liquid
chromatography–tandem
mass
spectrometry
(UPLC-MS/MS)
assay.
Additionally,
five
clinical
scales—the
MDS
Unified
Disease
Rating
Scale
(UPDRS),
Non-Motor
Symptoms
(NMSS),
Mini-Mental
State
Examination
(MMSE),
Hamilton
Anxiety
(HAMA),
Depression
(HAMD)—were
used
to
evaluate
severity
both
PD
patients.
Analysis
neurotransmitter
metabolism
revealed
significant
changes
tryptophan
(Trp)
metabolic
pathway
Specifically,
levels
Trp,
kynurenine
(KYN),
kynurenic
acid
(KA),
nicotinamide
(NAM),
5-methoxyltryptamine
(MeOTA)
substantially
decreased.
three
other
excitation/inhibiting
amino
acids—glutamic
(Glu),
4-aminobutyric
(GABA),
aspartic
(Asp)—also
declined.
Moreover,
conversion
ratios,
such
as
KA/KYN,
nicotinamide/niacin
(NAM/NA),
5-hydroxytryptophan/tryptophan
(5-HTP/Trp),
quinolinic
acid/kynurenic
(QA/KA),
provided
more
dynamic
insights
disrupted
metabolism.
Correlation
analyses
between
scale
scores
showed
that
concentrations
xanthurenic
(XA)
turnover
rate
3-hydroxykynurenine
(3-HK)
negatively
correlated
UPDRS
scores,
while
5-hydroxytryptamine
(5-HT)
GABA
summary,
this
study
elucidates,
for
first
time,
potential
association
dynamics
altered
etiology
terms
functions.
These
findings
offer
novel
biomarkers
therapeutic
targets
treatment
European journal of medical research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(1)
Опубликована: Март 27, 2024
Abstract
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
as
result
of
the
degeneration
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta
(SNpc).
The
fundamental
features
PD
are
motor
and
non-motor
symptoms.
symptoms
develop
due
to
disruption
neurotransmitters
other
such
γ-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA).
potential
role
GABA
neuropathology
concerning
was
not
precisely
discussed.
Therefore,
this
review
intended
illustrate
possible
regarding
pathway
essential
regulating
inhibitory
tone
prevent
excessive
stimulation
cerebral
cortex.
Degeneration
linked
with
reducing
GABAergic
neurotransmission.
Decreasing
activity
promotes
mitochondrial
dysfunction
oxidative
stress,
which
highly
related
neuropathology.
Hence,
restoring
by
agonists
may
attenuate
progression
dysregulation
SNpc
contributes
developing
Besides,
also
pathway,
amelioration
reduce
In
conclusion,
deregulation
might
be
intricate
Improving
novel,
beneficial
approach
control
Molecular Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
61(9), С. 7092 - 7108
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024
Abstract
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
of
the
brain
due
to
degeneration
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra
(SN).
Glycogen
synthase
kinase
3
beta
(GSK-3β)
implicated
pathogenesis
PD.
Therefore,
purpose
present
review
was
revise
mechanistic
role
GSK-3β
PD
neuropathology,
and
how
inhibitors
affect
neuropathology.
GSK-3
conserved
threonine/serine
protein
that
intricate
regulation
cellular
anabolic
catabolic
pathways
by
modulating
glycogen
synthase.
Over-expression
also
interconnected
with
development
different
diseases.
However,
underlying
mechanism
neuropathology
not
fully
clarified.
induces
triggering
mitochondrial
dysfunction
oxidative
stress
SN.
NF-κB
NLRP3
inflammasome
are
activated
response
dysregulated
leading
neuronal
injury.
Higher
expression
early
stages
might
contribute
reduction
neuroprotective
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF).
Thus,
may
be
effective
reducing
inflammatory
disorders
which
associated
Autophagy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(7), С. 1473 - 1482
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Myasthenia
gravis
(MG)
is
an
autoimmune
disease
of
the
neuromuscular
junction
(NMJ)
that
results
from
autoantibodies
against
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptors
(nAchRs)
at
NMJs.
These
are
mainly
originated
autoreactive
B
cells
bind
and
destroy
nAchRs
NMJs
preventing
nerve
impulses
activating
end-plates
skeletal
muscle.
Indeed,
immune
dysregulation
plays
a
crucial
role
in
pathogenesis
MG.
Autoreactive
increased
MG
due
to
defect
central
peripheral
tolerance
mechanisms.
As
well,
T
augmented
diversion
regulatory
(T
European journal of medical research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024
Abstract
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
the
most
frequent
inflammatory
and
demyelinating
disease
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
The
underlying
pathophysiology
MS
destruction
myelin
sheath
by
immune
cells.
formation
plaques,
inflammation,
injury
neuronal
characterizes
its
neuropathology.
plaques
are
multiple
focal
regions
demyelination
disseminated
in
brain's
white
matter,
spinal
cords,
deep
grey
cerebral
cortex.
Fenofibrate
a
peroxisome
proliferative
activated
receptor
alpha
(PPAR-α)
that
attenuates
reactions
MS.
inhibits
differentiation
Th17
inhibiting
expression
pro-inflammatory
signaling.
According
to
these
findings,
this
review
intended
illuminate
mechanistic
immunoinflammatory
role
fenofibrate
mitigating
In
conclusion,
can
attenuate
neuropathology
modulating
different
pathways,
including
oxidative
stress,
autophagy,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
inflammatory-signaling
neuroinflammation.
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
99(4), С. 1261 - 1271
Опубликована: Май 23, 2024
Background:
Reliable
blood
biomarkers
are
crucial
for
early
detection
and
treatment
evaluation
of
cognitive
impairment,
including
Alzheimer’s
disease
other
dementias.
Objective:
To
examine
whether
plasma
their
combination
different
between
older
people
with
mild
impairment
(MCI)
cognitively
normal
individuals,
to
explore
relations
performance.
Methods:
This
cross-sectional
study
included
250
adults,
124
participants
MCI,
126
participants.
Plasma
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF),
irisin
clusterin
were
measured,
BDNF/irisin
ratio
was
calculated.
Global
cognition
evaluated
by
the
Montreal
Cognitive
Assessment.
Results:
levels,
but
not
BDNF,
significantly
MCI
group
group.
Higher
concentration
associated
an
increased
probability
both
before
after
controlling
covariates.
By
contrast,
BDNF
concentration,
irisin,
linearly
correlated
performance
adjusting
ratios
only
better
performance,
also
lower
risks
no
matter
we
adjusted
concentrations
aging,
whereas
remained
stable.
No
significant
results
observed.
Conclusions:
may
be
a
reliable
indicator
which
reflects
odds
presence
directly
associates
