Abstract
Background
The
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
triggered
the
worldwide
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic.
Serological
assays
for
detection
of
SARS-CoV-2
infections
are
important
to
understand
immune
response
in
patients
and
obtain
epidemiological
data
about
number
infected
people,
especially
identify
asymptomatic
persons
not
aware
a
past
infection.
Methods
We
recombinantly
produced
nucleocapsid
(N)-protein
Escherichia
coli
.
used
purified
protein
develop
an
indirect
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA)
specific
antibodies.
This
ELISA
method
was
optimized
validated
with
serum
samples
collected
from
113
RT-PCR-confirmed
including
hospitalized
COVID-19
1500
control
sera
mostly
before
2015
different
clinical
background.
Results
N-protein-ELISA
provided
sensitivity
89.7%
(n
=
68)
confirmed
mild
symptoms
more
than
14
days
after
symptom
onset
or
positive
PCR
test.
antibody
levels
remained
low
first
six
23)
increased
second
week
22)
post
confirmation.
At
this
early
phase,
39.1%
86.4%,
respectively,
reflecting
time
IgG
against
pathogens.
specificity
99.3%
1500;
95%
CI
0.995–0.999).
Serum
titers
human
immunodeficiency
viruses
1/2,
parvovirus
B19,
hepatitis
A/B
virus,
cytomegalovirus,
Epstein
Barr
herpes
simplex
virus
were
tested
negative.
Conclusions
conclude
that
N-protein-based
developed
here
is
well
suited
sensitive
serological
antibodies
symptomatic
infections.
It
may
also
prove
useful
previous
vaccinated
as
all
currently
approved
vaccines
rely
on
spike
(S-)
protein.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
33(35)
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2021
Abstract
In
mammals,
physiological
respiration
involves
respiratory
cycles
of
inhaled
and
exhaled
breaths,
which
has
traditionally
been
an
underutilized
resource
potentially
encompassing
a
wealth
physiologically
relevant
information
as
well
clues
to
potential
diseases.
Recently,
triboelectric
nanogenerators
(TENGs)
have
widely
adopted
for
self‐powered
monitoring
owing
their
compelling
features,
such
decent
biocompatibility,
wearing
comfort,
low‐cost,
high
sensitivity
activities
in
the
aspect
low
frequency
slight
amplitude
body
motions.
Physiological
behaviors
chemical
regents
can
be
precisely
continuously
monitored
by
TENG‐based
sensors
personalized
health
care.
This
article
presents
overview
TENG
enabled
monitoring,
with
focus
on
working
principle,
sensing
materials,
functional
structures,
related
applications
both
physical
motion
detection
breath
analysis.
Concepts
approaches
acquisition
associated
rate
depth
are
covered
first
part.
Then
mechanism,
theoretical
modeling,
chemicals
released
from
breathing
gases
systemically
summarized.
Finally,
opportunities
challenges
effect
comprehensively
discussed
criticized.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
17(6), С. 1581 - 1587
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Artificial
intelligence
(AI)
is
being
used
to
aid
in
various
aspects
of
the
COVID-19
crisis,
including
epidemiology,
molecular
research
and
drug
development,
medical
diagnosis
treatment,
socioeconomics.The
association
AI
can
accelerate
rapidly
diagnose
positive
patients.To
learn
dynamics
a
pandemic
with
relevance
AI,
we
search
literature
using
different
academic
databases
(PubMed,
PubMed
Central,
Scopus,
Google
Scholar)
preprint
servers
(bioRxiv,
medRxiv,
arXiv).In
present
review,
address
clinical
applications
machine
learning
deep
learning,
characteristics,
electronic
records,
images
(CT,
X-ray,
ultrasound
images,
etc.)
diagnosis.The
current
challenges
future
perspectives
provided
this
review
be
direct
an
ideal
deployment
technology
pandemic.
Coronavirus
Disease-19
(COVID-19)
is
an
infectious
disease
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome-coronaviruses-2
(SARS-CoV-2),
a
highly
pathogenic
and
transmissible
coronavirus.
Most
cases
of
COVID-19
have
mild
to
moderate
symptoms,
including
cough,
fever,
myalgias,
headache.
On
the
other
hand,
this
coronavirus
can
lead
complications
death
in
some
cases.
Therefore,
vaccination
most
effective
tool
prevent
eradicate
disease.
Also,
rapid
diagnostic
tests
are
critical
identifying
COVID-19.
The
pandemic
has
dynamic
structure
on
agenda
contains
up-to-date
developments.
This
article
comprehensively
discussed
situation
since
it
first
appeared.
For
time,
not
only
structure,
replication
mechanism,
variants
SARS-CoV-2
(Alpha,
Beta,
Gamma,
Omicron,
Delta,
Epsilon,
Kappa,
Mu,
Eta,
Zeta,
Theta,
lota,
Lambda)
but
also
all
details
pandemic,
such
as
how
came
out,
spread,
current
cases,
what
precautions
should
be
taken,
prevention
strategies,
vaccines
produced,
developed,
drugs
used
reviewed
every
aspect.
Herein,
comparison
for
terms
procedure,
accuracy,
cost,
time
been
presented.
safety,
efficacy,
effectiveness
against
evaluated.
Drug
studies,
therapeutic
targets,
various
immunomodulators,
antiviral
molecules
applied
patients
with
reviewed.
Nanoscale Horizons,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(12), С. 2085 - 2166
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
This
comprehensive
review
summarizes
the
past,
present,
and
future
of
plasmonic
NP-based
sensors
in
terms
different
sensing
platforms,
chemical
biological
analytes,
expected
technologies.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2021
Tests
that
detect
the
presence
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)
antigen
in
clinical
specimens
from
upper
tract
can
provide
a
rapid
means
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
diagnosis
and
help
identify
individuals
who
may
be
infectious
should
isolate
to
prevent
SARS-CoV-2
transmission.
This
systematic
review
assesses
diagnostic
accuracy
detection
COVID-19
symptomatic
asymptomatic
compared
quantitative
reverse
transcription
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-qPCR)
summarizes
test
sensitivity
using
meta-regression.
In
total,
83
studies
were
included
antigen-based
lateral
flow
testing
(RALFT)
RT-qPCR
for
SARS-CoV-2.
Generally,
quality
evaluated
was
inconsistent;
nevertheless,
overall
RALFT
determined
75.0%
(95%
confidence
interval:
71.0–78.0).
Additionally,
found
higher
vs.
population
within
7
days
symptom
onset
with
extended
symptoms.
Viral
load
most
important
factor
determining
sensitivity.
Other
design
factors,
such
as
specimen
storage
anatomical
collection
type,
also
affect
performance
RALFT.
both
achieve
high
when
viral
culture.
Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
26, С. 321 - 332
Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2021
The
recent
SARS-CoV-2
outbreak
has
been
declared
a
global
health
emergency.
It
will
take
years
to
vaccinate
the
whole
population
protect
them
from
this
deadly
virus,
hence
management
of
largely
depends
on
widespread
availability
an
accurate
diagnostic
test.
Toward
addressing
unmet
need
reliable
test
in
current
work
by
utilizing
power
Systematic
Evolution
Ligands
EXponential
enrichment,
44-mer
G-quadruplex-forming
DNA
aptamer
against
spike
trimer
antigen
was
identified.
lead
candidate
(S14)
characterized
thoroughly
for
its
binding,
selectivity,
affinity,
structure,
and
batch-to-batch
variability
various
biochemical,
biophysical,
silico
techniques.
S14
demonstrated
low
nanomolar
KD,
confirming
tight
binding
SARS-CoV-2.
can
detect
as
2
nM
antigen.
clinical
evaluation
nasopharyngeal
swab
specimens
(n
=
232)
displayed
highly
discriminatory
response
between
infected
individuals
non-infected
one
with
sensitivity
specificity
∼91%
98%,
respectively.
Importantly,
aptamer-based
evinced
comparable
performance
that
RT-PCR-based
assay.
Altogether,
study
established
utility
technology
detection
