Clinical Neurophysiology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
132(12), С. 3043 - 3083
Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2021
This
is
the
second
chapter
of
series
on
use
clinical
neurophysiology
for
study
movement
disorders.
It
focusses
methods
that
can
be
used
to
probe
neural
circuits
in
brain
and
spinal
cord.
These
include
supraspinal
reflexes
integrity
transmission
specific
pathways;
transcranial
stimulation
such
as
magnetic
direct
current
stimulation,
which
activate
or
modulate
(respectively)
activity
populations
central
neurones;
EEG
methods,
both
conjunction
with
behavioural
measures
record
pure
allow
us
build
conceptual
models
motor
control.
The
are
discussed
mainly
relation
work
healthy
individuals.
Later
chapters
will
focus
specifically
changes
caused
by
pathology.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
271(1), С. 135 - 156
Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2020
Abstract
Transcranial
alternating
current
stimulation
(tACS)
is
a
unique
form
of
non-invasive
brain
stimulation.
Sinusoidal
electric
currents
are
delivered
to
the
scalp
affect
mostly
cortical
neurons.
tACS
supposed
modulate
function
and,
in
turn,
cognitive
processes
by
entraining
oscillations
and
inducing
long-term
synaptic
plasticity.
Therefore,
has
been
investigated
neuroscience,
but
only
recently,
it
also
introduced
psychiatric
clinical
trials.
This
review
describes
concepts
first
findings
applying
as
potential
therapeutic
tool
field
psychiatry.
The
understanding
its
mechanisms
action
explained,
bridging
cellular
neuronal
activity
network
mechanism.
Revisiting
relevance
altered
found
six
major
disorders,
putative
targets
for
management
mental
disorders
using
discussed.
A
systematic
literature
search
on
PubMed
was
conducted
report
studies
patients
with
conditions.
In
conclusion,
initial
results
may
support
feasibility
populations
without
serious
adverse
events.
Moreover,
these
showed
ability
reset
disturbed
oscillations,
thus
improve
behavioural
outcomes.
addition
role,
reactivity
circuits
could
serve
possible
determine
diagnosis,
classification
or
prognosis
disorders.
Future
double-blind
randomised
controlled
trials
necessary
answer
currently
unresolved
questions.
They
aim
detect
response
predictors
control
various
confounding
factors.
Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
10(12), С. 932 - 932
Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2020
Transcranial
alternating
current
stimulation
(tACS)
is
a
non-invasive
brain
technique
that
allows
the
manipulation
of
intrinsic
oscillations.
Numerous
studies
have
applied
tACS
in
laboratory
to
enhance
cognitive
performance.
With
this
systematic
review,
we
aim
provide
an
overview
frequency-specific
effects
on
range
functions
healthy
adults.
This
may
help
transfer
protocols
real-world
applications.
We
conducted
literature
search
PubMed
and
Cochrane
databases
considered
adults
(age
>
18
years)
focused
The
yielded
n
=
109
studies,
which
57
met
inclusion
criteria.
results
indicate
theta-tACS
was
beneficial
for
several
functions,
including
working
memory,
executive
declarative
memory.
Gamma-tACS
enhanced
performance
both
auditory
visual
perception
but
it
did
not
change
tasks
functions.
For
attention,
were
less
consistent
point
improvement
with
alpha-
or
gamma-tACS.
discuss
these
findings
important
considerations
would
precede
Brain stimulation,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(3), С. 748 - 755
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023
Highlights•40
Hz
tACS
enhances
gamma
oscillations
and
memory
performance
in
MCI/AD
patients.•Active
40
increases
spectral
power
patients
over
sham.•Gamma
stimulation
may
aid
clearance
of
tau
mouse
models
AD
patients.AbstractBackgroundTranscranial
alternating
current
(tACS)—a
noninvasive
brain
technique
that
modulates
cortical
through
entrainment—has
been
demonstrated
to
alter
oscillatory
activity
enhance
cognition
healthy
adults.
TACS
is
being
explored
as
a
tool
improve
patient
populations
with
mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI)
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).ObjectiveTo
review
the
growing
body
literature
findings
obtained
from
application
MCI
or
AD,
highlighting
effects
on
function,
memory,
cognition.
Evidence
use
animal
also
discussed.
Important
parameters
are
underscored
for
consideration
protocols
aim
apply
therapeutic
MCI/AD.FindingsThe
has
shown
promising
results
improvement
processes
impacted
MCI/AD.
These
data
demonstrate
potential
an
interventional
stand-alone
alongside
pharmacological
and/or
other
behavioral
interventions
MCI/AD.ConclusionsWhile
evidenced
encouraging
results,
this
function
pathophysiology
remains
be
fully
determined.
This
explores
highlights
need
continued
research
course
by
reinstating
activity,
improving
processing,
delaying
progression,
remediating
abilities
npj Science of Learning,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2023
Abstract
Transcranial
alternating
current
stimulation
(tACS)
is
a
non-invasive
brain
used
for
improving
cognitive
functions
via
delivering
weak
electrical
with
certain
frequency.
This
systematic
review
and
meta-analysis
investigated
the
effects
of
tACS
protocols
on
in
healthy
young
adults.
We
identified
56
qualified
studies
that
compared
between
sham
control
groups,
as
indicated
by
performances
cognition-related
reaction
time.
Moderator
variable
analyses
specified
effect
size
according
to
(a)
timing
tACS,
(b)
frequency
band
simulation,
(c)
targeted
region,
domain,
respectively.
Random-effects
model
revealed
small
positive
performances.
The
moderator
found
significant
online-tACS
theta
band,
gamma
offline-tACS
band.
Moreover,
were
improved
online-
either
prefrontal
posterior
parietal
cortical
regions,
further
both
enhanced
executive
function.
Online-tACS
cortex
was
effective
performances,
improvements
appeared
function
perceptual-motor
These
findings
suggested
specific
may
effectively
improve
NeuroImage,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
202, С. 116175 - 116175
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2019
Research
on
whether
perception
or
other
processes
depend
the
phase
of
neural
oscillations
is
rapidly
gaining
popularity.
However,
it
unknown
which
methods
are
optimally
suited
to
evaluate
hypothesized
effect.
Using
a
simulation
approach,
we
here
test
ability
different
detect
such
an
effect
dichotomous
(e.g.,
"hit"
vs
"miss")
and
continuous
scalp
potentials)
response
variables.
We
manipulated
parameters
that
characterise
define
experimental
approach
for
this
For
each
parameter
combination
variable,
identified
optimal
method.
found
regressing
single-trial
responses
circular
(sine
cosine)
predictors
perform
best
all
simulated
parameters,
regardless
nature
variable
(dichotomous
continuous).
In
sum,
our
study
lays
foundation
optimized
designs
analyses
in
future
studies
investigating
role
behavioural
responses.
provide
MATLAB
code
statistical
tested.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2021
Abstract
Diverse
transcranial
electrical
stimulation
(tES)
techniques
have
recently
been
developed
to
elucidate
the
role
of
neural
oscillations,
but
critically,
it
remains
questionable
whether
entrainment
genuinely
occurs
and
is
causally
related
resulting
behavior.
Here,
we
provide
a
perspective
on
an
emerging
integrative
research
program
across
systems,
species,
theoretical
experimental
frameworks
potential
tES
induce
entrainment.
We
argue
that
such
agenda
requirement
establish
as
tool
test
causal
oscillations
highlight
critical
issues
should
be
considered
when
adopting
translational
approach.
Abstract
Background
The
neural
cells
in
the
brains
of
patients
with
Parkinson’s
disease
(PWP)
display
aberrant
synchronized
oscillatory
activity
within
beta
frequency
range.
Additionally,
enhanced
gamma
oscillations
may
serve
as
a
compensatory
mechanism
for
motor
inhibition
mediated
by
and
also
reinstate
plasticity
primary
cortex
affected
disease.
Transcranial
alternating
current
stimulation
(tACS)
can
synchronize
endogenous
exogenous
rhythms,
thereby
modulating
cortical
activity.
objective
this
study
is
to
investigate
whether
addition
tACS
multidisciplinary
intensive
rehabilitation
treatment
(MIRT)
improve
symptoms
PWP
so
enhance
quality
life
individuals
based
on
central-peripheral-central
theory.
Methods
present
was
randomized,
double-blind
trial
that
enrolled
60
aged
between
45
70
years,
who
had
Hoehn-Yahr
scale
scores
ranging
from
1
3.
Participants
were
randomly
assigned
1:1
ratio
either
+
MIRT
group
or
sham-tACS
group.
consisted
two-week
period
followed
24-week
follow-up
period,
resulting
total
duration
twenty-six
weeks.
outcome
measured
change
PDQ-39
baseline
(T0)
4
weeks
(T2),
12
(T3),
24
(T4)
after
completion
intervention.
secondary
assessed
changes
MDS-UPDRS
III
at
T0,
end
intervention
(T1),
T2,
T3,
T4.
Additional
clinical
assessments
mechanistic
studies
conducted
tertiary
outcomes.
Discussion
demonstrate
overall
functionality
PWP,
framework
MIRT.
it
seeks
establish
potential
correlation
these
therapeutic
effects
neuroplasticity
alterations
relevant
brain
regions.
efficacy
will
be
during
order
optimize
its
impact
efficiency
PWP.
Trial
registration
Chinese
Clinical
Registry
ChiCTR2300071969.
Registered
30
May
2023.
The
effects
of
cognitive
exercises
on
the
healthy
aging
population
is
controversial.
Transcranial
alternating
current
stimulation
(tACS)
considered
a
promising
tool
for
modulating
brain
oscillation.
Research
lacking
its
long-lasting
cognitive/therapeutic
effect.
This
first
pilot
study
to
explore
effect
regimen
with
and
without
tACS
older
adults
dementia.
groups
were
28
individuals
(age
56-83
years)
enrolled
into
two
groups:
Exr
Group,
who
received
only
+
Group
at
40
Hz
simultaneously
period
4
consecutive
weeks,
5
days/week,
30
min-sessions/day;
all
training
sessions
tutored.
applied
using
MindTriggers
app.
They
assessed
pre
post
intervention
also
one
month
after
end
trial
(follow-up)
an
independent
assessment
(WMS-IV)
as
primary
outcome
measure.
results
show
significant
improvement
post-intervention
in
both
groups,
while
protocol
lead
superior
follow-up
session.
most
important
outcomes
this
are:
1)
tutored
repeated
practice
app
does
significantly
improve
functions
dementia
that
lasts
least
intervention,
2)
application
increases
positive
lasting
even
longer
time
than
alone;
other
words
we
speculate
it
may
long-term
potentiation.
Frontiers in Psychology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2022
Working
memory
(WM)
is
a
cognitive
process
that
involves
maintaining
and
manipulating
information
for
short
period
of
time.
WM
central
to
many
processes
declines
rapidly
with
age.
Deficits
in
are
seen
older
adults
patients
dementia,
schizophrenia,
major
depression,
mild
impairment,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
etc.
The
frontal,
parietal,
occipital
cortices
significantly
involved
processing
all
brain
oscillations
implicated
tackling
tasks,
particularly
theta
gamma
bands.
theta/gamma
neural
code
hypothesis
assumes
retained
items
recorded
via
theta-nested
cycles.
Neuronal
can
be
manipulated
by
sensory,
invasive-
non-invasive
stimulations.
Transcranial
alternating-current
stimulation
(tACS)
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
(rTMS)
frequency-tuned
(NIBS)
techniques
have
been
used
entrain
endogenous
frequency-specific
manner.
Compared
rTMS,
tACS
demonstrates
superior
cost,
tolerability,
portability,
safety
profile,
making
it
an
attractive
potential
tool
improving
performance.
Although
research
still
its
infancy
compared
number
studies
shown
promising
enhancement
effect,
especially
the
elderly
deficits.
This
review
focuses
on
various
methods
outcomes
healthy
unhealthy
human
highlights
established
findings,
unknowns,
challenges,
perspectives
important
translating
laboratory
into
realistic
clinical
settings.
will
allow
researchers
identify
gaps
literature
develop
protocols
efficacy
outcomes.
Therefore,
efforts
this
direction
should
help
consider
as
non-pharmacological
rehabilitation
physiological
aging
