In
June
2023,
an
elevated
smoke
layer
from
record-breaking
Canadian
wildfires
was
transported
across
the
eastern
half
of
United
States,
impacting
air
quality
for
millions
people.
Houston,
TX
experienced
a
notable
biomass
burning
(BB)
event
associated
with
this
wildfire
Jun
4
to
9,
2023.
The
vertical
transport
down
surface
followed
afternoon
convective
activity
in
Houston
urban
area
on
6–8.
Our
monitoring
sites
at
urban,
rural,
and
coastal
locations
around
different
levels
smoke.
Carbon
monoxide,
aerosol
absorption,
Absorption
Ångström
Exponent
(AAE)
revealed
stronger
incursions
overnight
site.
average
nighttime
AAE
during
BB
period
1.28
384
ppbv
CO;
by
comparison,
monthly
averages
2023
were
1.03
172
ppbv,
respectively.
Enhanced
PM2.5
NO2
coincided
tracers
while
higher
ozone
concentrations
observed
following
day
downwind
relative
peak
sites.
also
significantly
than
standard
deviation
(14.5
versus
5.19
±
4.61
respectively).
Ozone
peaked
over
100
9
driven
clear
skies
after
high
BB.
Understanding
role
enhancing
downdraft
plumes
will
improve
assessment
long-range
impacts
populations.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024
Abstract
The
2023
wildfire
season
in
Canada
was
unprecedented
its
scale
and
intensity,
spanning
from
mid-April
to
late
October
across
much
of
the
forested
regions
Canada.
Here,
we
summarize
main
causes
impacts
this
exceptional
season.
record-breaking
total
area
burned
(~15
Mha)
can
be
attributed
several
environmental
factors
that
converged
early
season:
snowmelt,
multiannual
drought
conditions
western
Canada,
rapid
transition
eastern
Anthropogenic
climate
change
enabled
sustained
extreme
fire
weather
conditions,
as
mean
May–October
temperature
over
2.2
°C
warmer
than
1991–2020
average.
were
profound
with
more
200
communities
evacuated,
millions
exposed
hazardous
air
quality
smoke,
unmatched
demands
on
fire-fighting
resources.
not
only
set
new
records,
but
highlights
increasing
challenges
posed
by
wildfires
Earth system science data,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(8), С. 3601 - 3685
Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2024
Abstract.
Climate
change
contributes
to
the
increased
frequency
and
intensity
of
wildfires
globally,
with
significant
impacts
on
society
environment.
However,
our
understanding
global
distribution
extreme
fires
remains
skewed,
primarily
influenced
by
media
coverage
regionalised
research
efforts.
This
inaugural
State
Wildfires
report
systematically
analyses
fire
activity
worldwide,
identifying
events
from
March
2023–February
2024
season.
We
assess
causes,
predictability,
attribution
these
climate
land
use
forecast
future
risks
under
different
scenarios.
During
2023–2024
season,
3.9×106
km2
burned
slightly
below
average
previous
seasons,
but
carbon
(C)
emissions
were
16
%
above
average,
totalling
2.4
Pg
C.
Global
C
record
in
Canadian
boreal
forests
(over
9
times
average)
reduced
low
African
savannahs.
Notable
included
record-breaking
extent
Canada,
largest
recorded
wildfire
European
Union
(Greece),
drought-driven
western
Amazonia
northern
parts
South
America,
deadly
Hawaii
(100
deaths)
Chile
(131
deaths).
Over
232
000
people
evacuated
Canada
alone,
highlighting
severity
human
impact.
Our
revealed
that
multiple
drivers
needed
cause
areas
activity.
In
Greece,
a
combination
high
weather
an
abundance
dry
fuels
probability
fires,
whereas
area
anomalies
weaker
regions
lower
fuel
loads
higher
direct
suppression,
particularly
Canada.
Fire
prediction
showed
mild
anomalous
signal
1
2
months
advance,
Greece
had
shorter
predictability
horizons.
Attribution
indicated
modelled
up
40
%,
18
50
due
during
respectively.
Meanwhile,
seasons
magnitudes
has
significantly
anthropogenic
change,
2.9–3.6-fold
increase
likelihood
20.0–28.5-fold
Amazonia.
By
end
century,
similar
magnitude
2023
are
projected
occur
6.3–10.8
more
frequently
medium–high
emission
scenario
(SSP370).
represents
first
annual
effort
catalogue
events,
explain
their
occurrence,
predict
risks.
consolidating
state-of-the-art
science
delivering
key
insights
relevant
policymakers,
disaster
management
services,
firefighting
agencies,
managers,
we
aim
enhance
society's
resilience
promote
advances
preparedness,
mitigation,
adaptation.
New
datasets
presented
this
work
available
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539
(Jones
et
al.,
2024)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742
(Kelley
2024a).
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
41(6), С. 1001 - 1016
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024
Globally,
2023
was
the
warmest
observed
year
on
record
since
at
least
1850
and,
according
to
proxy
evidence,
possibly
of
past
100
000
years.
As
in
recent
years,
warmth
has
again
been
accompanied
with
yet
more
extreme
weather
and
climate
events
throughout
world.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
those
2023,
details
key
background
causes
help
build
upon
our
understanding
roles
internal
variability
anthropogenic
change.
We
also
highlight
emerging
features
associated
some
these
events.
Hot
extremes
are
occurring
earlier
year,
increasingly
simultaneously
differing
parts
world
(e.g.,
concurrent
hot
Northern
Hemisphere
July
2023).
Intense
cyclones
exacerbating
precipitation
North
China
flooding
Libya
September).
Droughts
regions
California
Horn
Africa)
have
transitioned
into
flood
conditions.
Climate
show
increasing
interactions
ecosystems
via
wildfires
Hawaii
August
Canada
from
spring
autumn
2023)
sandstorms
Mongolia
April
Finally,
consider
challenges
research
that
characteristics
present
for
strategy
practice
adaptation.
Authorea (Authorea),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024
The
2023
wildfire
season
in
Canada
was
unprecedented
its
scale
and
intensity.
Spanning
from
late
April
to
early
November
extending
across
much
of
the
forested
regions
Canada,
resulted
a
record-breaking
total
area
burned
approximately
15
million
hectares,
over
seven
times
historic
national
annual
average.
impacts
were
profound
with
more
than
200
communities
evacuated
(approximately
232,000
people),
periods
dense
smoke
that
caused
significant
public
health
concerns,
demands
on
fire-fighting
resources.
exceptional
can
be
attributed
several
environmental
factors
converged
enable
extreme
fire
danger
country.
These
included
snowmelt,
interannual
drought
conditions
western
rapid
transition
eastern
Canada.
Furthermore,
mean
May-October
temperature
staggering
2.2°C
warmer
normal
(1991-2020),
enabling
sustained
weather
throughout
season.
led
larger
proportion
very
large
fires
(>
50,000
hectares),
many
having
for
months
spring
into
fall.
Fires
started
May
or
June
accounted
two-thirds
burned.
Overall,
characterized
by
major
societal
impacts,
setting
new
records
highlighting
increasing
challenges
posed
wildfires
Global Change Biology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
30(6)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Abstract
Canadian
wildfires
in
2023
were
record
breaking
with
wide‐reaching
impacts
on
people,
nature,
and
climate.
Extreme
heat
low
rainfall
associated
climate
change
led
to
unprecedented
forest
fires
that
released
enormous
amounts
of
carbon
as
they
burned.
This
study
used
data
fire‐driven
tree
cover
loss
fluxes
estimate
the
total
extent
stand‐replacing
their
emissions.
We
found
burned
nearly
7.8
million
hectares
accounted
for
more
than
a
quarter
all
globally.
Furthermore,
forests
impacted
by
emitted
3
billion
tons
CO
2
or
about
25%
primary
tropical
year.
These
results
have
important
implications
global
budgets
because
emissions
from
these
will
largely
be
excluded
official
greenhouse
gas
reporting.
Communications Earth & Environment,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Март 15, 2025
Abstract
Altered
fire
regimes
are
a
global
challenge,
increasingly
exacerbated
by
climate
change,
which
modifies
weather
and
prolongs
seasons.
These
changing
conditions
heighten
the
vulnerability
of
ecosystems
human
populations
to
impacts
wildfires
on
environment,
society,
economy.
The
rapid
pace
these
changes
exposes
significant
gaps
in
knowledge,
tools,
technology,
governance
structures
needed
adopt
informed,
holistic
approaches
management
that
address
both
current
future
challenges.
Integrated
Fire
Management
is
an
approach
combines
prevention,
response,
recovery
while
integrating
ecological,
socio-economic,
cultural
factors
into
strategies.
However,
remains
highly
context-dependent,
encompassing
wide
array
practices
with
varying
degrees
ecological
societal
integration.
This
review
explores
as
adaptation
mitigation
strategy
for
altered
regimes.
It
provides
overview
progress
challenges
associated
implementing
across
different
regions
worldwide.
also
proposes
five
core
objectives
outlines
roadmap
incremental
steps
advancing
adapt
ongoing
regimes,
thereby
maximizing
its
potential
benefit
people
nature.
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18(10)
Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024
Abstract
Wildfires
burn
approximately
3%–4%
of
the
global
land
area
annually,
resulting
in
massive
emissions
greenhouse
gases
and
air
pollutants.
Over
past
two
decades,
there
has
been
a
declining
trend
both
burned
wildfire
emissions.
This
is
largely
attributed
to
decrease
activity
Africa,
which
accounts
for
substantial
portion
total
However,
northern
high-latitude
regions
Asia
North
America
have
witnessed
interannual
variability
activity,
with
several
severe
events
occurring
recent
years.
Climate
plays
pivotal
role
influencing
led
more
wildfires
regions.
These
pose
significant
threats
climate,
ecosystems,
human
health.
Given
changes
patterns
their
impacts,
it
critical
understand
contributors
wildfires,
focus
on
deteriorating
areas,
address
health
risks
poorly
managed
areas
mitigate
effects.
Atmosphere,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16(2), С. 127 - 127
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Breathing
in
fine
particulate
matter
of
diameter
less
than
2.5
µm
(PM2.5)
greatly
increases
an
individual’s
risk
cardiovascular
and
respiratory
diseases.
As
climate
change
progresses,
extreme
weather
events,
including
wildfires,
are
expected
to
increase,
exacerbating
air
pollution.
However,
models
often
struggle
capture
pollution
events
due
the
rarity
high
PM2.5
levels
training
datasets.
To
address
this,
we
implemented
cluster-based
undersampling
trained
Transformer
improve
event
prediction
using
various
cutoff
thresholds
(12.1
µg/m3
35.5
µg/m3)
partial
sampling
ratios
(10/90,
20/80,
30/70,
40/60,
50/50).
Our
results
demonstrate
that
threshold,
paired
with
a
20/80
ratio,
achieved
best
performance,
RMSE
2.080,
MAE
1.386,
R2
0.914,
particularly
excelling
forecasting
events.
Overall,
on
augmented
data
significantly
outperformed
those
original
data,
highlighting
importance
resampling
techniques
improving
quality
accuracy,
especially
for
high-pollution
scenarios.
These
findings
provide
critical
insights
into
optimizing
models,
enabling
more
reliable
predictions
By
advancing
ability
forecast
levels,
this
study
contributes
development
informed
public
health
environmental
policies
mitigate
impacts
pollution,
advanced
technology
building
better
digital
twins.