International Journal of Climatology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
45(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
mechanisms
associated
with
the
transitions
of
strong
El
Niño
(EN)
events
and
their
implications
for
South
American
precipitation
were
investigated
1950–2023
period.
Strong
EN
exhibit
cyclic
or
episodic
characteristics
in
transitions.
Cyclic
are
both
preceded
followed
by
La
Niña
(LN)
conditions,
whereas
neutral
a
more
uncertain
transition
following.
For
EN,
tropical
Pacific
initiates
peak
warming
eastern
from
austral
winter
to
early
summer.
In
contrast,
coupled
subtropical
mechanisms,
respectively,
initiate
central
autumn
late
Decadal
Oscillation
(PDO)
mean
state
modulates
EN's
decay
stage.
During
+PDO
state,
cyclones
hemispheres
sustain
during
−PDO
anticyclones
accelerate
favouring
its
an
LN.
These
explain
why
earlier,
peaks
later,
is
intense
decays
slowly
than
EN.
summer,
strengthened
atmospheric
circulation
maintains
Atlantic
Intertropical
Convergence
Zone
(ITCZ)
north
equator,
causing
persistent
negative
anomalies
north–northeastern
America
(SA)
until
following
winter,
while
positive
southeastern
SA
driven
south–southeastward
moisture
transport
equatorial
Atlantic.
Conversely,
(positive)
impact
north–northwestern
(southeastern)
SA;
however,
anomalous
quickly
return
normal
conditions
autumn,
appear
northern
winter.
Understanding
these
crucial
predicting
future
changes
and,
consequently,
potential
socio‐economic
impacts
globally.
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
41(6), С. 1001 - 1016
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024
Globally,
2023
was
the
warmest
observed
year
on
record
since
at
least
1850
and,
according
to
proxy
evidence,
possibly
of
past
100
000
years.
As
in
recent
years,
warmth
has
again
been
accompanied
with
yet
more
extreme
weather
and
climate
events
throughout
world.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
those
2023,
details
key
background
causes
help
build
upon
our
understanding
roles
internal
variability
anthropogenic
change.
We
also
highlight
emerging
features
associated
some
these
events.
Hot
extremes
are
occurring
earlier
year,
increasingly
simultaneously
differing
parts
world
(e.g.,
concurrent
hot
Northern
Hemisphere
July
2023).
Intense
cyclones
exacerbating
precipitation
North
China
flooding
Libya
September).
Droughts
regions
California
Horn
Africa)
have
transitioned
into
flood
conditions.
Climate
show
increasing
interactions
ecosystems
via
wildfires
Hawaii
August
Canada
from
spring
autumn
2023)
sandstorms
Mongolia
April
Finally,
consider
challenges
research
that
characteristics
present
for
strategy
practice
adaptation.
Journal of Energy Storage,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
78, С. 110003 - 110003
Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2023
To
improve
energy
efficiency
and
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions,
storage
technologies
are
of
paramount
importance.
Thermochemical
(TCES)
materials
offer
high
densities,
systems
based
on
the
dehydration
common
salt
hydrates
like
MgSO4·7H2O
have
been
extensively
investigated,
though
frequent
problems
such
as
agglomeration
unfavorable
kinetics
highlight
need
for
further
material
development.
We
consulted
our
VIENNA
TCES-database
became
aware
Tutton
salts,
A2M(XO4)2·6H2O,
(X
=
S
or
Se)
which
also
previously
investigated
TCES
materials,
although
effects
cation
substitution
reactivity
had
remained
poorly
characterized.
Herein,
we
report
synthesis
characterization
41
mixed
salts
with
composition
K2Zn1-xMx
(SO4)2·6H2O
(M
Mg,
Co,
Ni,
Cu).
Two
trends
were
readily
apparent:
increasing
amount
nickel
leads
to
a
predictable
increase
in
onset
temperature
while
preserving
simple
form
single
step
observed,
use
copper
decrease
onset.
