Frontiers in Neurology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2019
Humans
evolved
a
symbiotic
relationship
with
their
gut
microbiome,
complex
microbial
community
composed
of
bacteria,
archaea,
protists,
and
viruses,
including
bacteriophages.
The
enteric
nervous
system
(ENS)
is
gateway
for
the
bidirectional
communication
between
brain
gut,
through
vagus
nerve
(VN).
Environmental
exposure
plays
pivotal
role
in
composition
functional
capacity
microbiome
may
contribute
to
susceptibility
neurodegenerative
disorders,
such
as
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD).
neuropathological
hallmark
PD
widespread
appearance
alpha-synuclein
aggregates
(SNCA)
both
central
peripheral
systems,
ENS.
Many
studies
suggest
that
toxins
can
induce
formation
SNCA
ENS,
which
then
be
transmitted
prion-like
manner
CNS
VN.
strongly
associated
aging
this
reflect
accumulative
effect
neurotoxicant
on
pathology.
In
present
work,
we
revisit
some
landmark
discoveries
field
research
focus
gut-brain
axis.
process,
highlight
evidence
showing
gut-associated
dysbiosis
related
microbial-derived
components
important
players
increased
risk
PD.
emerges
potential
target
protective
measures
aiming
reduce
onset.
npj Parkinson s Disease,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Март 10, 2021
The
gut
microbiota
is
emerging
as
an
important
modulator
of
neurodegenerative
diseases,
and
accumulating
evidence
has
linked
microbes
to
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
symptomatology
pathophysiology.
PD
often
preceded
by
gastrointestinal
symptoms
alterations
the
enteric
nervous
system
accompany
disease.
Several
studies
have
analyzed
microbiome
in
PD,
but
a
consensus
on
features
PD-specific
missing.
Here,
we
conduct
meta-analysis
re-analyzing
ten
currently
available
16S
datasets
investigate
whether
common
patients
exist
across
cohorts.
We
found
significant
PD-associated
microbiome,
which
are
robust
study-specific
technical
heterogeneities,
although
differences
structure
between
controls
small.
Enrichment
genera
Lactobacillus,
Akkermansia,
Bifidobacterium
depletion
bacteria
belonging
Lachnospiraceae
family
Faecalibacterium
genus,
both
short-chain
fatty
acids
producers,
emerged
most
consistent
alterations.
This
dysbiosis
might
result
pro-inflammatory
status
could
be
recurrent
affecting
patients.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2020
Abstract
There
is
increasing
evidence
showing
that
the
dynamic
changes
in
gut
microbiota
can
alter
brain
physiology
and
behavior.
Cognition
was
originally
thought
to
be
regulated
only
by
central
nervous
system.
However,
it
now
becoming
clear
many
non-nervous
system
factors,
including
gut-resident
bacteria
of
gastrointestinal
tract,
regulate
influence
cognitive
dysfunction
as
well
process
neurodegeneration
cerebrovascular
diseases.
Extrinsic
intrinsic
factors
dietary
habits
composition
microbiota.
Microbes
release
metabolites
microbiota-derived
molecules
further
trigger
host-derived
cytokines
inflammation
system,
which
contribute
greatly
pathogenesis
host
disorders
such
pain,
depression,
anxiety,
autism,
Alzheimer’s
diseases,
Parkinson’s
disease,
stroke.
Change
blood–brain
barrier
permeability,
vascular
physiology,
structure
are
among
most
critical
causes
development
downstream
neurological
dysfunction.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
following
parts:
Overview
technical
approaches
used
microbiome
studies
Microbiota
immunity
Gut
Microbiota-induced
Neuropsychiatric
diseases
■
Stress
depression
Pain
migraine
Autism
spectrum
Neurodegenerative
disease
Amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
Multiple
Cerebrovascular
Atherosclerosis
Stroke
Arteriovenous
malformation
Conclusions
perspectives
Molecular Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
57(12), С. 5026 - 5043
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2020
Understanding
how
gut
flora
influences
gut-brain
communications
has
been
the
subject
of
significant
research
over
past
decade.
The
broadening
term
"microbiota-gut-brain
axis"
from
"gut-brain
underscores
a
bidirectional
communication
system
between
and
brain.
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
involves
metabolic,
endocrine,
neural,
immune
pathways
which
are
crucial
for
maintenance
brain
homeostasis.
Alterations
in
composition
microbiota
associated
with
multiple
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
Although
causal
relationship
dysbiosis
neural
dysfunction
remains
elusive,
emerging
evidence
indicates
that
may
promote
amyloid-beta
aggregation,
neuroinflammation,
oxidative
stress,
insulin
resistance
pathogenesis
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
Illustration
mechanisms
underlying
regulation
by
pave
way
developing
novel
therapeutic
strategies
AD.
In
this
narrative
review,
we
provide
an
overview
their
dysregulation
Novel
insights
into
modification
as
preventive
or
approach
AD
highlighted.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10(3), С. 475 - 487
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2019
ProBiotic-4
is
a
probiotic
preparation
composed
of
Bifidobacterium
lactis,
Lactobacillus
casei,
bifidum,
and
acidophilus.
This
study
aims
to
investigate
the
effects
on
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
cognitive
deficits,
explore
underlying
molecular
mechanism
using
senescence-accelerated
mouse
prone
8
(SAMP8)
mice.
was
orally
administered
9-month-old
SAMP8
mice
for
12
weeks.
We
observed
that
significantly
improved
memory
cerebral
neuronal
synaptic
injuries,
glial
activation,
microbiota
composition
in
feces
brains
aged
substantially
attenuated
aging-related
disruption
intestinal
barrier
blood-brain
barrier,
decreased
interleukin-6
tumor
necrosis
factor-α
at
both
mRNA
protein
levels,
reduced
plasma
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)
concentration,
toll-like
receptor
4
(TLR4)
expression,
nuclear
factor-κB
(NF-κB)
translocation
brain.
In
addition,
not
only
did
levels
γ-H2AX,
8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine,
retinoic-acid-inducible
gene-I
(RIG-I),
it
also
abrogated
RIG-I
multimerization
These
findings
suggest
targeting
gut
with
probiotics
may
have
therapeutic
potential
deficits
function
aging,
its
associated
inhibition
TLR4-and
RIG-I-mediated
NF-κB
signaling
pathway
inflammatory
responses.
Chemical Reviews,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
119(2), С. 1519 - 1624
Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2018
The
immune
system
deploys
a
multitude
of
innate
and
adaptive
mechanisms
not
only
to
ward
off
pathogens
but
also
prevent
malignant
transformation
("immune
surveillance").
Hence,
clinically
apparent
tumor
already
reflects
selection
for
those
cell
clones
capable
evading
recognition
evasion").
Metal
drugs,
besides
their
well-investigated
cytotoxic
anticancer
effects,
massively
interact
with
the
cancer-immune
interface
can
reverse
important
aspects
evasion.
This
topic
has
recently
gained
intense
attention
based
on
combination
approaches
immunotherapy
(e.g.,
checkpoint
inhibitors),
strategy
delivering
first
exciting
results
in
clinical
settings.
review
summarizes
promising
still
extremely
fragmentary
knowledge
interplay
metal
drugs
fidelity
responses
role
adverse
effects.
It
highlights
that,
at
least
some
cases,
induce
long-lasting
responses.
Important
steps
this
process
comprise
altered
visibility
susceptibility
cancer
cells
toward
immunity,
as
well
direct
impacts
populations
microenvironment.
On
basis
gathered
information,
we
suggest
initiating
joint
multidisciplinary
programs
implement
comprehensive
analyses
into
strategies
develop
novel
smart
compounds.
Experimental Gerontology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
130, С. 110791 - 110791
Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2019
Postoperative
cognitive
dysfunction
(POCD)
is
a
common
disorder
following
surgery,
which
seriously
threatens
the
quality
of
patients'
life,
especially
older
people.
Accumulating
attention
has
been
paid
to
POCD
worldwide
in
pace
with
popularization
anesthesia/surgery.
The
development
medical
humanities
and
rehabilitation
medicine
sets
higher
demands
on
accurate
diagnosis
safe
treatment
system
POCD.
Although
research
full
swing,
underlying
pathogenesis
still
inconclusive
due
these
conflicting
results
controversial
evidence.
Generally,
closely
related
neuropsychiatric
diseases
such
as
dementia,
depression
Alzheimer's
disease
molecular
pathways.
Researchers
have
come
up
various
hypotheses
reveal
mechanisms
POCD,
including
neuroinflammation,
oxidative
stress,
autophagy
disorder,
impaired
synaptic
function,
lacking
neurotrophic
support,
etc.
Recent
work
focused
mechanism
people
thoroughly
reviewed
summed
here,
concerning
changes
peripheral
circulation,
pathological
pathways
central
nervous
(CNS),
microbiota-gut-brain
axis
brain
regions.
Accordingly,
this
article
provides
better
perspective
understand
situation
people,
conductive
uncover
exploit
reasonable
strategy
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
21(20), С. 7551 - 7551
Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2020
The
gut
microbiome
acts
as
an
integral
part
of
the
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT)
that
has
largest
and
vulnerable
surface
with
desirable
features
to
observe
foods,
nutrients,
environmental
factors,
well
differentiate
commensals,
invading
pathogens,
others.
It
is
well-known
a
strong
connection
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
in
context
health
disease.
A
healthy
diverse
microbes
vital
for
normal
brain
functions
emotional
behaviors.
In
addition,
CNS
controls
most
aspects
GI
physiology.
molecular
interaction
between
gut/microbiome
complex
bidirectional,
ensuring
maintenance
homeostasis
proper
digestion.
Besides
this,
several
mechanisms
have
been
proposed,
including
endocrine,
neuronal,
toll-like
receptor,
metabolites-dependent
pathways.
Changes
bidirectional
relationship
GIT
are
linked
pathogenesis
neurological
disorders;
therefore,
microbiota/gut-and-brain
axis
emerging
widely
accepted
concept.
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
findings
supporting
role
microbiota
immune
on
development
disorders.
highlight
advances
improving
diseases
by
probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics
fecal
transplantation
via
concept
gut–brain
axis.
Science Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(700)
Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
pathology
is
thought
to
progress
from
normal
cognition
through
preclinical
and
ultimately
symptomatic
AD
with
cognitive
impairment.
Recent
work
suggests
that
the
gut
microbiome
of
patients
has
an
altered
taxonomic
composition
compared
healthy,
cognitively
control
individuals.
However,
knowledge
about
changes
in
before
onset
limited.
In
this
cross-sectional
study
accounted
for
clinical
covariates
dietary
intake,
we
microbial
function
a
cohort
164
individuals,
49
whom
showed
biomarker
evidence
early
AD.
Gut
profiles
individuals
were
distinct
those
without
The
change
correlated
β-amyloid
(Aβ)
tau
pathological
biomarkers
but
not
neurodegeneration,
suggesting
may
process.
We
identified
specific
bacterial
taxa
associated
Inclusion
these
features
improved
accuracy,
sensitivity,
specificity
machine
learning
classifiers
predicting
status
when
tested
on
subset
(65
participants).
correlates
neuropathology
improve
our
understanding
etiology
help
identify
gut-derived
markers
risk.