Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 739 - 751

Published: April 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

npj Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 10, 2021

The gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked microbes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptomatology pathophysiology. PD often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms alterations the enteric nervous system accompany disease. Several studies have analyzed microbiome in PD, but a consensus on features PD-specific missing. Here, we conduct meta-analysis re-analyzing ten currently available 16S datasets investigate whether common patients exist across cohorts. We found significant PD-associated microbiome, which are robust study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences structure between controls small. Enrichment genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium depletion bacteria belonging Lachnospiraceae family Faecalibacterium genus, both short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged most consistent alterations. This dysbiosis might result pro-inflammatory status could be recurrent affecting patients.

Language: Английский

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The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2020

Abstract There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in gut microbiota can alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by central nervous system. However, it now becoming clear many non-nervous system factors, including gut-resident bacteria of gastrointestinal tract, regulate influence cognitive dysfunction as well process neurodegeneration cerebrovascular diseases. Extrinsic intrinsic factors dietary habits composition microbiota. Microbes release metabolites microbiota-derived molecules further trigger host-derived cytokines inflammation system, which contribute greatly pathogenesis host disorders such pain, depression, anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s diseases, Parkinson’s disease, stroke. Change blood–brain barrier permeability, vascular physiology, structure are among most critical causes development downstream neurological dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss following parts: Overview technical approaches used microbiome studies Microbiota immunity Gut Microbiota-induced Neuropsychiatric diseases ■ Stress depression Pain migraine Autism spectrum Neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Multiple Cerebrovascular Atherosclerosis Stroke Arteriovenous malformation Conclusions perspectives

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57(12), P. 5026 - 5043

Published: Aug. 22, 2020

Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over past decade. The broadening term "microbiota-gut-brain axis" from "gut-brain underscores a bidirectional communication system between and brain. microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, immune pathways which are crucial for maintenance brain homeostasis. Alterations in composition microbiota associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although causal relationship dysbiosis neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD). Illustration mechanisms underlying regulation by pave way developing novel therapeutic strategies AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview their dysregulation Novel insights into modification as preventive or approach AD highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics modulate the microbiota–gut–brain axis and improve memory deficits in aged SAMP8 mice

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 475 - 487

Published: July 7, 2019

ProBiotic-4 is a probiotic preparation composed of Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, bifidum, and acidophilus. This study aims to investigate the effects on microbiota-gut-brain axis cognitive deficits, explore underlying molecular mechanism using senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. was orally administered 9-month-old SAMP8 mice for 12 weeks. We observed that significantly improved memory cerebral neuronal synaptic injuries, glial activation, microbiota composition in feces brains aged substantially attenuated aging-related disruption intestinal barrier blood-brain barrier, decreased interleukin-6 tumor necrosis factor-α at both mRNA protein levels, reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation brain. In addition, not only did levels γ-H2AX, 8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine, retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), it also abrogated RIG-I multimerization These findings suggest targeting gut with probiotics may have therapeutic potential deficits function aging, its associated inhibition TLR4-and RIG-I-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway inflammatory responses.

Language: Английский

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Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 119(2), P. 1519 - 1624

Published: Nov. 29, 2018

The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to ward off pathogens but also prevent malignant transformation ("immune surveillance"). Hence, clinically apparent tumor already reflects selection for those cell clones capable evading recognition evasion"). Metal drugs, besides their well-investigated cytotoxic anticancer effects, massively interact with the cancer-immune interface can reverse important aspects evasion. This topic has recently gained intense attention based on combination approaches immunotherapy (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors), strategy delivering first exciting results in clinical settings. review summarizes promising still extremely fragmentary knowledge interplay metal drugs fidelity responses role adverse effects. It highlights that, at least some cases, induce long-lasting responses. Important steps this process comprise altered visibility susceptibility cancer cells toward immunity, as well direct impacts populations microenvironment. On basis gathered information, we suggest initiating joint multidisciplinary programs implement comprehensive analyses into strategies develop novel smart compounds.

Language: Английский

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The potential mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older people

Experimental Gerontology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 130, P. 110791 - 110791

Published: Nov. 22, 2019

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common disorder following surgery, which seriously threatens the quality of patients' life, especially older people. Accumulating attention has been paid to POCD worldwide in pace with popularization anesthesia/surgery. The development medical humanities and rehabilitation medicine sets higher demands on accurate diagnosis safe treatment system POCD. Although research full swing, underlying pathogenesis still inconclusive due these conflicting results controversial evidence. Generally, closely related neuropsychiatric diseases such as dementia, depression Alzheimer's disease molecular pathways. Researchers have come up various hypotheses reveal mechanisms POCD, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy disorder, impaired synaptic function, lacking neurotrophic support, etc. Recent work focused mechanism people thoroughly reviewed summed here, concerning changes peripheral circulation, pathological pathways central nervous (CNS), microbiota-gut-brain axis brain regions. Accordingly, this article provides better perspective understand situation people, conductive uncover exploit reasonable strategy

Language: Английский

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Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(20), P. 7551 - 7551

Published: Oct. 13, 2020

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, environmental factors, well differentiate commensals, invading pathogens, others. It is well-known a strong connection central nervous system (CNS) in context health disease. A healthy diverse microbes vital for normal brain functions emotional behaviors. In addition, CNS controls most aspects GI physiology. molecular interaction between gut/microbiome complex bidirectional, ensuring maintenance homeostasis proper digestion. Besides this, several mechanisms have been proposed, including endocrine, neuronal, toll-like receptor, metabolites-dependent pathways. Changes bidirectional relationship GIT are linked pathogenesis neurological disorders; therefore, microbiota/gut-and-brain axis emerging widely accepted concept. this review, we summarize recent findings supporting role microbiota immune on development disorders. highlight advances improving diseases by probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics fecal transplantation via concept gut–brain axis.

Language: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy

Clinica Chimica Acta, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 503, P. 90 - 98

Published: Jan. 20, 2020

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome composition may be an indicator of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(700)

Published: June 14, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is thought to progress from normal cognition through preclinical and ultimately symptomatic AD with cognitive impairment. Recent work suggests that the gut microbiome of patients has an altered taxonomic composition compared healthy, cognitively control individuals. However, knowledge about changes in before onset limited. In this cross-sectional study accounted for clinical covariates dietary intake, we microbial function a cohort 164 individuals, 49 whom showed biomarker evidence early AD. Gut profiles individuals were distinct those without The change correlated β-amyloid (Aβ) tau pathological biomarkers but not neurodegeneration, suggesting may process. We identified specific bacterial taxa associated Inclusion these features improved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity machine learning classifiers predicting status when tested on subset (65 participants). correlates neuropathology improve our understanding etiology help identify gut-derived markers risk.

Language: Английский

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