Involvement of Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease from a Neuroinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Perspective

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 10

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2017

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a frequent and devastating neurodegenerative in humans, but still no curative treatment has been developed. Although many explicative theories have proposed, precise pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Due to the importance of astrocytes brain homeostasis they become interesting targets for study AD. Changes astrocyte function observed brains from individuals with AD, as well AD vitro vivo animal models. The presence amyloid beta (Aβ) shown disrupt gliotransmission, neurotransmitter uptake, alter calcium signaling astrocytes. Furthermore, express apolipoprotein E involved production, degradation removal Aβ. As well, changes that precede other pathological characteristics point an early contribution astroglia this disease. Astrocytes participate inflammatory/immune responses central nervous system. Aβ activates different cell receptors intracellular pathways, mainly advanced glycation end products receptor/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, responsible transcription pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines release these agents may induce cellular damage or even stimulate production Additionally, induces appearance oxidative stress (OS) reactive oxygen species nitrogen astrocytes, affecting among others, levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX), NF-κB signaling, glutamate uptake (increasing risk excitotoxicity) mitochondrial function. Excessive neuroinflammation OS seem be both. Aβ/NF-κB interaction play role inflammatory present In paper, we also discuss therapeutic measures highlighting pathology. Several new approaches involving phenols (curcumin), phytoestrogens (genistein), neuroesteroids natural phytochemicals explored obtaining some promising results regarding cognitive improvements attenuation neuroinflammation. Novel strategies comprising aimed reduce proposed. These include estrogen receptor agonists (pelargonidin), Bambusae concretio Salicea, Monascin, various antioxidatives such resveratrol, tocotrienol, anthocyanins, epicatechin, showing beneficial effects

Язык: Английский

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Chromatin and gene-regulatory dynamics of the developing human cerebral cortex at single-cell resolution

Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 184(19), С. 5053 - 5069.e23

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Reactive Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Aging and Disease, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(3), С. 664 - 664

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2018

Astrocytes, the largest and most numerous glial cells in central nervous system (CNS), play a variety of important roles regulating homeostasis, increasing synaptic plasticity providing neuroprotection, thus helping to maintain normal brain function. At same time, astrocytes can participate inflammatory response key role progression neurodegenerative diseases. Reactive are strongly induced by pathological conditions CNS. Astrocyte reactivity is initially characterized hypertrophy soma processes, triggered different molecules. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroinflammation ischemia elicit two types reactive astrocytes, termed A1s A2s. However, case astrocyte diseases, recently published research issues remain high level conflict controversy. So far, we still know very little about whether how function or changes In this review, aimed briefly discuss recent highlighting complex contribution process various which may provide us with new prospects for development an excellent therapeutic target

Язык: Английский

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The role of astroglia in Alzheimer's disease: pathophysiology and clinical implications

The Lancet Neurology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 18(4), С. 406 - 414

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2019

Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas the brain. Postnatally, astrocytes progenitors migrate to reach their brain area related properties. They have regulatory role functions: implicated in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, controlling blood-brain barrier permeability maintaining extracellular homeostasis. Mature also express some genes enriched cell progenitors, suggesting they can retain proliferative potential. Considering heterogeneity population, it is not surprising disorders wide range different neuro-pathologies. Brain diseases characterized by active inflammatory state astrocytes, which usually described as up-regulation glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In particular, loss function result cellular senescence could implications for neurodegenerative disorders, such Alzheimer disease Huntington disease, aging drive induction progression due Ca2+ signals strongly severity/state. Moreover, contribute altered neuronal activity several frontal cortex pathologies ischemic stroke epilepsy. There we describe current knowledge pertaining discuss possibilities target them approach toward pharmacological therapies

Язык: Английский

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Making sense of astrocytic calcium signals — from acquisition to interpretation

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(10), С. 551 - 564

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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MicroRNAs in Neuroinflammation: Implications in Disease Pathogenesis, Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Applications

Non-Coding RNA, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(2), С. 35 - 35

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2019

The central nervous system can respond to threat via the induction of an inflammatory response. Under normal circumstances this response is tightly controlled, however uncontrolled neuroinflammation a hallmark many neurological disorders. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that important for regulating cellular processes. ability microRNAs modulate signaling area ongoing research, which has gained much attention in recent years. may either promote or restrict signaling, and exacerbate ameliorate pathological consequences excessive neuroinflammation. aim review summarize mode regulation several well-studied context neuroinflammation, including miR-155, miR-146a, miR-124, miR-21 let-7. Furthermore, miRNA deregulation during disorders feature discussed, Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Prion diseases, Japanese encephalitis, Herpes ischemic stroke traumatic brain injury. There also been considerable interest use altered microRNA signatures as biomarkers these expression even serve basis future therapeutic strategies help treat

Язык: Английский

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Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: Neuroreparative properties and role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 323, С. 225 - 239

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2020

Язык: Английский

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G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Astrocyte–Neuron Communication

Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 456, С. 71 - 84

Опубликована: Март 26, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 177, С. 34 - 60

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2018

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease with limited treatment options. Targeting the neuroimmune system new avenue for developing or repurposing effective pharmacotherapies. modulates innate immune signaling in different cell types brain by altering gene expression and molecular pathways that regulate neuroinflammation. Chronic alcohol abuse may cause an imbalance function, resulting prolonged perturbations function. Likewise, manipulating change alcohol-related behaviors. Psychiatric disorders are comorbid AUD, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive other substance disorders, also have underlying mechanisms; current evidence suggests convergent be involved AUD these disorders. In this review, we provide overview of cell-types mediating behaviors, discuss potential mechanisms alcohol-induced activation, present recent clinical candidate immune-related drugs to treat AUD.

Язык: Английский

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