The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2008,
Номер
507(4), С. 1479 - 1496
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2008
Mushroom
bodies
constitute
prominent
paired
neuropils
in
the
brain
of
insects,
known
to
be
involved
higher
olfactory
processing
and
learning
memory.
In
Drosophila
there
are
about
2,500
intrinsic
mushroom
body
neurons,
Kenyon
cells,
a
large
number
different
extrinsic
neurons
connecting
calyx,
peduncle,
lobes
other
portions
brain.
The
neurotransmitter
cells
has
not
been
identified
any
insect.
Here
we
show
expression
gene
snpf
its
neuropeptide
products
(short
F;
sNPFs)
larval
adult
by
means
situ
hybridization
antisera
against
sequences
precursor
two
encoded
peptides.
Immunocytochemistry
displays
peptide
neuronal
processes
most
parts
structures,
except
for
small
core
center
peduncle
alpha'-
beta'-lobes.
Weaker
immunolabeling
is
seen
cell
calyx
initial
strongest
more
distal
lobes.
We
used
Gal4-driven
green
fluorescent
protein
identify
populations
defined
their
signal
substances.
Thus,
display
systems
converging
on
cells:
likely
utilize
dopamine,
tyramine/octopamine,
glutamate,
acetylcholine.
Attempts
components
(including
vesicular
glutamate
transporter)
failed.
However,
it
that
an
additional
neurotransmitter,
yet
identified,
neuropeptides
described
here
may
represent
cotransmitters.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2013,
Номер
59(1), С. 165 - 184
Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2013
The
central
complex
is
a
group
of
modular
neuropils
across
the
midline
insect
brain.
Hallmarks
its
anatomical
organization
are
discrete
layers,
an
into
arrays
16
slices
along
right-left
axis,
and
precise
inter-hemispheric
connections
via
chiasmata.
connected
most
prominently
with
adjacent
lateral
superior
protocerebrum.
Its
developmental
appearance
corresponds
compound
eyes
walking
legs.
Distinct
dopaminergic
neurons
control
various
forms
arousal.
Electrophysiological
studies
provide
evidence
for
roles
in
polarized
light
vision,
sky
compass
orientation,
integration
spatial
information
locomotor
control.
Behavioral
on
mutant
transgenic
flies
indicate
representation
visual
cues,
memory,
directional
flight,
place
learning.
data
suggest
that
azimuthal
directions
(i.e.,
where)
represented
slices,
cue
what)
different
layers
complex.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2009,
Номер
55(1), С. 399 - 420
Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2009
A
striking
commonality
across
insects
and
vertebrates
is
the
recurring
presence
of
parallel
olfactory
subsystems,
suggesting
that
such
an
organization
has
a
highly
adaptive
value.
Conceptually,
two
different
categories
systems
must
be
distinguished.
In
one,
specific
sensory
organs
or
processing
streams
analyze
chemical
stimuli
(segregate
systems).
other,
similar
odor
are
processed
but
analyzed
with
respect
to
features
(dual
Insects
offer
many
examples
for
both
categories.
For
example,
segregate
realized
in
specialized
neuronal
sex
pheromones
CO(2).
Dual
related
overlapping
prominent
Hymenoptera.
Here,
clear
separation
tracts
higher-order
brain
centers
present
despite
no
apparent
differences
regarding
classes
being
processed.
this
paper,
we
review
situation
insect
species
hypotheses
function
evolution
systems.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2009,
Номер
29(8), С. 2597 - 2610
Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2009
The
neuropeptide
pigment-dispersing
factor
(PDF)
is
a
key
transmitter
in
the
circadian
clock
of
Drosophila
melanogaster.
PDF
necessary
for
robust
activity
rhythms
and
thought
to
couple
oscillations
neurons.
However,
little
known
about
action
on
individual
Here,
we
combined
period
–luciferase
reporter
system
with
immunolabeling
proteins
wild-type
Pdf
01
mutants
dissect
effects
specific
subgroups
Additionally,
levels
were
elevated
higher
than
normal
using
neural
mutants,
correlation
analysis
locomotor
protein
staining
served
determine
periods
cells.
We
found
that
has
multiple
neurons:
In
some
groups
neurons,
was
required
maintaining
cells,
others,
synchronous
cycling
members.
Other
neurons
cycled
high
amplitude
absence
PDF,
but
affected
their
intrinsic
speed.
Sometimes
shortened
sometimes
lengthened
period.
Our
observations
indicate
crucial
adjusting
amplitude,
period,
phase
different
players
clock.
Under
natural
conditions
may
be
adapting
Drosophila'
s
varying
photoperiods.
Indeed,
show
here
are
not
able
adapt
long
photoperiods
manner.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2008,
Номер
3(3), С. e1896 - e1896
Опубликована: Март 25, 2008
The
bHLH
transcription
factor
DIMMED
has
been
associated
with
the
differentiation
of
peptidergic
cells
in
Drosophila.
However,
whether
all
Drosophila
express
DIMM,
and
extent
to
which
DIMM
are
peptidergic,
have
not
determined.
To
address
these
issues,
we
mapped
expression
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
periphery
late
larval
stage
At
100
hr
after
egg-laying,
immunosignals
largely
congruent
a
dimm-promoter
reporter
(c929-GAL4)
they
present
stereotyped
pattern
306
CNS
52
peripheral
cells.
We
assigned
positional
values
for
respect
reference
gene
patterns,
or
patterns
secondary
neuroblast
lineages.
could
assign
provisional
peptide
identities
68%
DIMM-expressing
(207/306)
73%
(38/52)
using
panel
24
markers
neuropeptide
genes.
Furthermore,
found
that
co-expression
was
prevalent
feature
within
single
marker
patterns.
Of
studied,
six
>90%
DIMM-positive,
while
16
22
>40%
DIMM-positive.
Thus
most
appear
be
many
but
DIMM.
co-incidence
DIMM-expression
among
is
best
explained
by
hypothesis
promotes
specific
neurosecretory
phenotype
term
LEAP.
LEAP
denotes
Large
display
Episodic
release
Amidated
Peptides.
