Endocrine cybernetics: neuropeptides as molecular switches in behavioural decisions

Open Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from changing environment hence modulate activity synaptic circuits of brain. This context-dependent neuromodulation is largely based non-synaptic signalling with neuropeptides. Here, we describe select peptidergic systems Drosophila brain that act at different levels a hierarchy associated physiology. These regions, such as central complex mushroom bodies, which supervise specific behaviours. At top level there are small numbers large neurons arborize widely multiple areas orchestrate or global state manner. bottom local provide executive sensory gain intrinsically restricted parts neuronal circuits. The orchestrating receive interoceptive signals mediate energy sleep homeostasis, metabolic circadian timing, well affect food search, aggression mating. Some these can be triggers conflicting behaviours mating versus aggression, feeding, participate circuits, enabling choices switches.

Язык: Английский

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Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of insulin-producing cells in Drosophila

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population insulin-producing cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘intrinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Язык: Английский

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Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of Insulin-Producing Cells in Drosophila

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘intrinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Язык: Английский

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Genealogical relationships of mushroom bodies, hemiellipsoid bodies, and their afferent pathways in the brains of Pancrustacea: Recent progress and open questions

Arthropod Structure & Development, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 65, С. 101100 - 101100

Опубликована: Сен. 3, 2021

According to all latest phylogenetic analyses, the taxon Pancrustacea embraces crustaceans in traditional sense and hexapods. Members of for a long time have been known display distinct similarities architecture their brains. Here, we review recent progress open questions concerning structural functional communalities selected higher integrative neuropils lateral protocerebrum pancrustaceans, mushroom bodies hemiellipsoid bodies. We also discuss projection neuron pathway which provides input channel both from primary chemosensory centers deutocerebrum. Neuronal characters are mapped on current pancrustacean phylogeny order extract those that part ground pattern. Furthermore, summarize insights into evolutionary transformation body morphology across Pancrustacea.

Язык: Английский

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Mating proximity blinds threat perception

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 634(8034), С. 635 - 643

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024

Abstract Romantic engagement can bias sensory perception. This ‘love blindness’ reflects a common behavioural principle across organisms: favouring pursuit of coveted reward over potential risks 1 . In the case animal courtship, such biases may support reproductive success but also expose individuals to danger, as predation 2,3 However, how neural networks balance trade-off between risk and is unknown. Here we discover dopamine-governed filter mechanism in male Drosophila that reduces threat perception courtship progresses. We show during early stages, threat-activated visual neurons inhibit central nodes via specific serotonergic neurons. inhibition prompts flies abort when they see imminent danger. advance process, dopaminergic system responses, shifting from survival mating. By recording activity males approach mating, demonstrate progress registered levels ramping up. dopamine signalling inhibits detection pathway Dop2R receptors, allowing focus on are close copulation. Thus, based perceived goal proximity, prioritize competing behaviours.

Язык: Английский

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Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of Insulin-Producing Cells in Drosophila

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also feedforward signals from motor circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how inputs control activity of main source Drosophila – population Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs) located brain. IPCs functionally analogous mammalian pancreatic beta cells, their location makes them accessible for vivo recordings intact animals. We characterized functional using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, an optogenetics-based ‘in-trinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that IPC expresses variety receptors neuromodulators classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, exhibit heterogeneous profiles, suggesting can modulated differentially. This is supported electrophysiological IPCs, which performed while activating populations modulatory neurons. analysis revealed some have effects on activity, such they inhibit one subset exciting another. Monitoring calcium across uncovered these responses occur simultaneously. Certain shifted towards excited state, others it inhibition. Taken together, provide comprehensive, multi-level neuromodulation insulinergic system .

Язык: Английский

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Impaired flexible reward learning in ADHD patients is associated with blunted reinforcement sensitivity and neural signals in ventral striatum and parietal cortex

NeuroImage Clinical, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42, С. 103588 - 103588

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Reward-based learning and decision-making are prime candidates to understand symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, only limited evidence is available regarding the neurocomputational underpinnings alterations seen in ADHD. This concerns flexible behavioral adaption dynamically changing environments, which challenging for individuals with One previous study points elevated choice switching adolescent ADHD, was accompanied by disrupted signals medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we investigated young adults ADHD (n = 17) as compared age- sex-matched controls using a probabilistic reversal experiment during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The task requires continuous guide adaptation reward contingencies. To disentangle data, used reinforcement (RL) models, informed analysis fMRI data. patients performed worse than particularly trials before reversals, i.e., when contingencies were stable. pattern resulted from 'noisy' regardless feedback. RL modelling showed decreased sensitivity enhanced rates negative feedback patients. At neural level, this reflected diminished representation probability left posterior parietal cortex Moreover, marginal reduction about unchosen option, paralleled incorporating option ventral striatum. Taken together, show that impaired behavior due excessive ('hyper-flexibility'), can be detrimental or beneficial depending on environment. Computationally, blunted detected correlates attention-control network, specifically These findings remain preliminary relatively small sample size.

Язык: Английский

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Urban stressors: Interactive effects of noise, light regime and fluoxetine on zebrafish behavior

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 972, С. 179101 - 179101

Опубликована: Март 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of two distinct memory interactions during water seeking in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 122(16)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Forming and forgetting memories shape our self-awareness help us face future challenges. Therefore, understanding how are formed different interact in the brain is important. Previous studies have shown that thirsty flies sense humidity through ionotropic receptors, which them locate water sources. Here, we showed can be trained to associate specific odors with form a memory lasts for 30 min after association. Humidity formation requires Ir93a Ir40a essential environmental sensing. Water takes precedence, leading of by activating small subset dopaminergic neurons called protocerebral anterior medial (PAM)-γ4, project restricted region mushroom body (MB) γ lobes. Adult-stage-specific silencing Dop2R receptors MB prolongs 3 h. Live-brain calcium imaging dopamine sensor revealed significantly increased PAM-γ4 neural activity odor/humidity association, suggesting its role memory. Our results suggest overlapping circuits responsible acquisition flies.

Язык: Английский

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The role of dopamine in foraging decisions in social insects

Frontiers in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Animals often need to make decisions about whether confront risks, and climate change is making these even more critical by increasing environmental stress. Biogenic amines are crucial for modulating behavior in all animals may contribute behavioral adaptations changing environments through supporting decision-making involving risk. Our review focuses on the neuromodulator dopamine insects because of its role risk-related choices, particularly context ant foraging activity. In ants, individual collective regulation We consider activity manage water loss desert red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, southwest US that undergoing severe drought. discuss dopaminergic circuitry involvement risk, drawing from both vertebrate invertebrate literature, outline areas future research response conditions.

Язык: Английский

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