Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 94(3), С. 849 - 873

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2018

ABSTRACT In the 12 years since Dudgeon et al . (2006) reviewed major pressures on freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity crisis in world's lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams and wetlands has deepened. While reservoirs rivers cover only 2.3% of Earth's surface, these ecosystems host at least 9.5% described animal species. Furthermore, using World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index, population declines (83% between 1970 2014) continue to outpace contemporaneous marine or terrestrial systems. The Anthropocene brought multiple new varied threats that disproportionately impact We document emerging are either entirely 2006 have intensified: ( i ) changing climates; ii e‐commerce invasions; iii infectious diseases; iv harmful algal blooms; v expanding hydropower; vi contaminants; vii engineered nanomaterials; viii microplastic pollution; (i x light noise; salinisation; xi declining calcium; xii cumulative stressors. Effects evidenced amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, microbes, plants, turtles waterbirds, with potential ecosystem‐level changes through bottom‐up top‐down processes. our highly uncertain future, net effects raise serious concerns ecosystems. However, we also highlight opportunities conservation gains as a result novel management tools (e.g. environmental flows, DNA) specific conservation‐oriented actions dam removal, habitat protection policies, managed relocation species) been met varying levels success. Moving forward, advocate hybrid approaches manage fresh waters crucial human life support well essential hotspots ecological function. Efforts reverse global trends degradation now depend bridging an immense gap aspirations biologists accelerating rate species endangerment.

Язык: Английский

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The biological impacts of artificial light at night: the research challenge

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 370(1667), С. 20140133 - 20140133

Опубликована: Март 17, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Seasonality and predictability shape temporal species diversity

Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 98(5), С. 1201 - 1216

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2017

Abstract Temporal environmental fluctuations, such as seasonality, exert strong controls on biodiversity. While the effects of seasonality are well known, predictability fluctuations across years may influence in ways that less understood. The ability a habitat to support unique, non‐nested assemblages species at different times year should depend both (occurrence events specific periods year) and (the reliability event recurrence) characteristic ecological conditions. Drawing tools from wavelet analysis information theory, we developed framework for quantifying habitats, applied this using global long‐term rainfall data. Our predicted temporal beta diversity be maximized highly predictable seasonal climates, low degrees predictability, or would lower ways. Using stream invertebrate communities case study, demonstrated diversity, exhibited by community turnover, was determined balance between variability (seasonality) (predictability). Communities mediterranean environments oscillations structure, with turnover one unique type another seasons, whereas aseasonal New Zealand fluctuated randomly. Understanding other scales is not complete without clear understanding their our provides examining these trends variety scales, beyond. Given uncertainty future critical considerations basic science management ecosystems (e.g., dam operations, bioassessment) spanning gradients climatic variability.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of Artificial Light at Night on Biological Timings

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 48(1), С. 49 - 68

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2017

The use of artificial lighting to illuminate the night has provided substantial benefits humankind. It also disrupted natural daily, seasonal, and lunar light cycles as experienced by a diversity organisms, hence it altered cues for timings many biological activities. Here we review evidence impacts nighttime on these timings. Although examples are scattered, concerning wide variety species environments, breadth such is compelling. Indeed, seems reasonable conclude that vast majority stem from effects This adds support arguments quite pervasive marked impact ecological systems, rapid expansion in global extent both direct illuminance skyglow thus significant concern, widespread implementation mitigation measures required.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of light pollution on migratory animal behavior

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(4), С. 355 - 368

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A critical review of the mechanisms, factors, and performance of pervious concrete to remove contaminants from stormwater runoff

Water Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 251, С. 121101 - 121101

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Stormwater can carry pollutants accumulated on impervious surfaces in urban areas into natural water bodies absence of stormwater quality improvement devices. Pervious concrete (PC) pavement is one the low-impact development practices introduced for flooding prevention and pollution reduction. PC removes various types contaminants. Mechanisms contributing to removal capacity be categorized three groups: physical, chemical, biological. Properties such as permeability, porosity, thickness, adsorption influence all contaminants, although their impact might differ depending pollutant properties. Chemical mechanisms include precipitation, co-precipitation, ion ligand exchange, complexation, diffusion, sorption. Bulk organics nutrients are removed primarily by biodegradation. Physical filtration primary mechanism retain suspended solids, biological activities may have a minor contribution. Release calcium (Ca2+) hydroxide (OH–) from hardened cement elevates effluent pH, which an environmental concern. However, pH elevation also prime contributor heavy metals through precipitation. Specific cementitious materials (e.g., Pozzolans nanoparticles) carbonation curing approach recommended control elevation. Complexation, solubility, stability constants other parameters that metal removal. Organic matter availability, electrostatic attraction, temperature, contact time, specific surface area, roughness pores contribute pathogen process. Although has been found promising removing pollutants, limited salinity achieved due inherent release Ca2+ OH– PC.

Язык: Английский

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Seabird mortality induced by land‐based artificial lights

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 31(5), С. 986 - 1001

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2017

Abstract Artificial lights at night cause high mortality of seabirds, one the most endangered groups birds globally. Fledglings burrow‐nesting and to a lesser extent adults, are attracted then grounded (i.e., forced land) by when they fly night. We reviewed current state knowledge seabird attraction light identify information gaps propose measures address problem. Although species in families such as Alcidae Anatidae can be artificial light, affected seabirds petrels shearwaters (Procellariiformes). At least 56 Procellariiformes, more than one‐third them (24) threatened, subject grounding lights. Seabirds have been found worldwide, mainly on oceanic islands but also some continental locations. Petrel breeding grounds confined formerly uninhabited particularly risk from pollution due tourism urban sprawl. Where it is impractical ban external lights, rescue programs offer immediate employed mitigation reduce rate light‐induced save thousands every year. These provide useful for management. However, these data typically fragmentary, biased, uncertain lead inaccurate impact estimates poor understanding phenomenon believe urgently needed actions mitigate understand estimation effects populations; determination threshold levels safe distances sources; documentation fate rescued birds; improvement campaigns, terms increasing recovery rates level care; research seabird‐friendly attraction.

Язык: Английский

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Human threats to sandy beaches: A meta-analysis of ghost crabs illustrates global anthropogenic impacts.

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 169, С. 56 - 73

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Coastal urban lighting has ecological consequences for multiple trophic levels under the sea

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 576, С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying the erosion of natural darkness in the global protected area system

Conservation Biology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 29(4), С. 1132 - 1141

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2015

Abstract The nighttime light environment of much the earth has been transformed by introduction electric lighting. This impact continues to spread with growth in human population and extent urbanization. profound consequences for organismal physiology behavior affects abundances distributions species, community structure, likely ecosystem functions processes. Protected areas play key roles buffering biodiversity from a wide range anthropogenic pressures. We used calibration global satellite data set lights determine how well they are fulfilling this role regard artificial Globally, that protected tend be darker at night than those not, and, exception Europe, recent regional declines proportion area is remains dark have small. However, these effects result major contribution overall coverage small individual very large. Thus, Europe North America high proportions (>17%) exhibited levels lighting all years, several regions (Europe, Asia, South Central America) (32–42%) had significant increases Limiting reversing erosion darkness will require routine consideration conditions when designating establishing new areas; establishment appropriate buffer zones around where prohibited; landscape level reductions lighting, which being called general reduce energy use economic costs.

Язык: Английский

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